A new study identifies chemically termolecular reactions, where three molecules participate in breaking and forming bonds, impacting flame propagation speeds and gas phase chemistry. This discovery opens up new possibilities in engine design and understanding planetary atmospheres.
A recent study predicts cancer drug resistance and sensitivity by analyzing genomic alterations and their interactions. Researchers used The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset to create a map of oncogenic dependencies, revealing that certain genetic changes can make tumors resistant to some drugs while making them sensitive to others.
Researchers found that neutrophils lose oxygen-sensing protein, leading to overactive response to infection and chronic inflammation. Studying glucose regulation in neutrophils may lead to new treatments for patients with low oxygen levels and lung disease.
A new blood test can detect miniscule amounts of cancer DNA released into the blood, allowing for rapid detection of genetic mutations. This test has the potential to be personalized to recognize mutations unique to individual cancers.
Researchers detect granulins inside cells for the first time, suggesting a potential FTD treatment strategy by targeting lysosomal function. The discovery may have therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well.
A new study shows the Montreal Protocol significantly reduced US greenhouse gas emissions from 2008 to 2014, equivalent to 170 million tons of CO2 annually. The treaty's impact on climate-altering gases was a major side benefit of reducing ozone-depleting substances.
New experiments support distinct roles for ventral and dorsal brain pathways in processing information about objects. The dorsal pathway sees objects according to what they are and what is done with them, while the ventral pathway sees objects as they always are, clarifying their roles in visual processing.
A new study reveals that the chloroplast lineage split from its closest cyanobacterial ancestor over 2.1 billion years ago in low salinity environments, marking a crucial step in photosynthesis evolution. The association of the chloroplast with its eukaryotic host took place around 800-750 million years ago in marine environments.
Researchers at Michigan State University have discovered four genes that help Varroa mites survive and two that affect their reproduction. The team used RNA interference to identify the key genes, which could lead to reduced or eliminated mite populations. This breakthrough may also have applications beyond bee conservation.
Researchers from University of Bristol and Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz have found a critical point in the glass transition, enabling reconciliation of mutually incompatible interpretations. The study suggests that the thermodynamic and dynamic interpretations are different reflections of the same underlying phenomenon.
A single-center study in Brazil found Zika virus infection associated with a diverse spectrum of serious neurologic syndromes, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and encephalitis. The study suggests serologic and molecular testing as an alternative diagnostic strategy in developing countries.
Scientists from ITMO University and Tampere University of Technology developed a new algorithm to increase the resolution of images obtained in lensless microscopes. The approach relies on diffraction patterns and computational methods, allowing for improved image quality without physical changes to the microscope.
A team of UCSB astrophysicists observed a supernova colliding with a nearby companion star, revealing surprising information about the mysterious star. The study demonstrates that the supernova collided with a non-white dwarf companion, implying the white dwarf was stealing matter from a larger companion to explode.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that light-to-moderate drinking can lower risk of mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular disease, while heavy consumption can increase risk. Moderate drinking was associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have created exotic quantum states made from light by creating an optical 'well' that traps a super-photon. This achievement marks a significant step towards developing quantum circuits and improving quantum communication and computing capabilities.
A new study highlights the significance of educating men to encourage women to seek medical help earlier due to cultural and religious barriers. Community nurses are found to be the most effective channel in raising breast cancer awareness in India's urban areas.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed a probe to detect direct-current (DC) energy, ensuring safe contact with electrical lines. The 'Hot Stick' probe can penetrate cable insulation and indicate whether a cable is fully discharged of energy.
A study led by Dr. Susana Minguet identified the protein Caveolin-1 as a key regulator of B cell organization and signaling. The team found that Caveolin-1 deficiency leads to autoimmune disease in animal models, highlighting a new strategy for treating autoimmunity.
Columbia University researchers successfully demonstrate current blockade using atomically precise molecular clusters at room temperature. The team created a single cluster of geometrically ordered atoms with an inorganic core and positioned linkers to connect it to two gold electrodes, achieving reproducible transport characteristics.
Researchers at UTSW Medical Center identified a cellular receptor central to the undesirable effects of antipsychotic drugs, which are essential medications for millions worldwide. Co-treating with a weight-loss drug that targets the serotonin 2c receptor prevented weight gain and improved metabolic profiles in mice.
In fiscal 2016-17, UCI researchers secured $378 million in grants and contracts, with a strong focus on health research and collaborations with companies. The funding reflects continued support for the university's world-class faculty, facilities, and community-based programs.
A study found that the brain's reward center is tricked into thinking expensive wine tastes better due to its higher price. The 'marketing placebo effect' plays a role in this phenomenon, where identical products are perceived differently based on their prices.
Researchers developed theories supported by 3D simulations to explain the formation and dissipation of galaxy jets. The simulations show that instabilities in space jets are triggered by the interaction with surrounding matter, known as the ambient medium.
A new assay called OSU-SpARKFuse detects genetic changes in cancer cells and identifies novel gene fusions. The assay was validated using control specimens and then used to assess 95 tissue samples from patients with advanced cancer.
Analysis of ancient Roman coins found that the defeat of Hannibal during the Second Punic War led to a significant increase in Spanish silver mining revenue, contributing to Rome's expansion. This finding provides tangible evidence of Rome's transition from regional power to empire.
Scientists at KAUST have found that the edge of a surface structure plays a crucial role in water-droplet formation during vapor harvesting. This discovery reveals that rough-edged structures mimicking nature can be highly effective in collecting atmospheric water vapor, potentially improving efficiency in regions with limited rainfall...
Researchers discovered a new species of brittle star, Teleosaster creasyi, preserved in a 275-million-year-old fossilized meadow in Western Australia. The species shows evidence of evolution before the Permian-Triassic extinction event, which wiped out over 90% of marine life.
Scientists at KAUST have discovered that two-dimensional layers of perovskite material can achieve higher purity levels than their three-dimensional counterparts. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient and cost-effective solar cells.
Experiments suggest a significant amount of zinc in the Earth's core, contradicting previous theories. This implies a revised formation process and potential changes to the estimated Earth composition, including its core.
A University of Kansas researcher found that bumper stickers can facilitate social communication on highways, with drivers using labeling, affective, and puzzle modes to interpret messages. The use of mass-customized stickers has led to a shift towards more specific and unique messages, requiring new interpretive orientations.
A study by University of Kansas researcher Andrea Gómez Cervantes explores the consequences of racial profiling on Latino immigrants and their family members. Indigenous-Latino immigrants face heightened risks of detention, institutional violence, and social exclusion due to their race and ethnicity.
Researchers found that first-time buyers care only about finding trustworthy sellers, with trust remaining their primary concern. The core group of repeat buyers and sellers is harder to shut down, and disrupting it may be the best way to interrupt the cycle.
New research from the University of Illinois finds that women's depression increases when they become primary breadwinners, while men's mental health improves when they take on this role. Conversely, mothers who exit the workforce to care for children experience no decline in psychological well-being.
A recent study found that consuming almonds regularly can improve HDL cholesterol levels and function in people with elevated LDL cholesterol. The almond diet resulted in a 19% increase in large HDL particles and improved HDL function by 6.4%, suggesting potential benefits for heart health.
Researchers mapped evolutionary turning points that transformed a fungus with tens of thousands of mating types to one with only two. They found that translocations brought together separate chunks of sex-determining genes onto a single chromosome, mimicking the human X or Y chromosome.
Global warming is expected to impact subtropical anticyclones differently in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In the North, the subtropical anticyclone over the South Atlantic will weaken, while those over the North Pacific and South Pacific will strengthen.
A new AI-powered traffic management system called SimplifAI will be tested in Manchester, aiming to reduce congestion and improve air quality. The system, developed by Professor Lee McCluskey and his team, can analyze data and devise complex strategies in a fraction of the time required by human operators.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that people with supportive spouses are more likely to take on potentially rewarding challenges, leading to personal growth and happiness. Those who experienced a supportive relationship had better psychological well-being and relationship functioning months later.
Researchers Kartik Chandran and Jonathan Lai will develop broadly active monoclonal antibody therapies for Ebola and extend the strategy to Marburg virus. They will also investigate how hantaviruses enter the human body.
A new study from USC Annenberg reveals that TV characters have the power to influence attitudes toward transgender people and policy issues. Viewers who saw a June 2015 episode of Royal Pains featuring a portrayal of a transgender teen had more positive attitudes toward both transgender people and related policies.
The new sensor array-based instrument uses superconducting quantum interference to detect small amounts of energy with improved sensitivity and bandwidth. This advancement enables accurate tracking of nuclear materials, such as plutonium isotopes, and improves astronomical studies of cosmic microwave background radiation.
A solar filament rose from the surface of the Sun but collapsed due to invisible magnetic forces, preventing an eruption. Scientists used data from multiple NASA observatories and ground-based telescopes to track the event and develop a model that explains how the Sun's magnetic landscape terminates eruptions.
Two studies in The Lancet and The Lancet Global Health journals found that secure storage has no impact on rates of self-poisoning or suicide, and that national bans are the most effective way to reduce pesticide-related suicides. Improved storage measures were not found to reduce self-poisoning rates.
The ISS-CREAM mission will study cosmic rays at energies above 1 billion electron volts, shedding light on their origins and properties. The experiment aims to measure the highest-energy particles yet detected in space, providing unparalleled insights into the interstellar neighborhood.
A team of researchers developed a machine-learning algorithm to identify counterfeit products by analyzing microscopic characteristics. The system achieved an accuracy rate of over 98%, enabling non-invasive verification of product authenticity.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University have developed new probes that can detect low pH in living cells without causing photobleaching. The probes are coated with a simple sugar found in fruits and emit light in two different ways, making them highly sensitive to pH and gentle on cells.
The ISS-CREAM experiment aims to study the origin and diversity of cosmic rays, potentially revealing new details about dark matter. By detecting primary particles, ISS-CREAM will extend measurements to the highest energies possible and increase exposure by an order of magnitude.
A recent study found that the opioid crisis has led to a significant increase in ICU admissions and deaths in US hospitals, with an estimated nearly double increase in deaths from opioid overdoses. The study also revealed that the cost of caring for these patients increased significantly during this period.
Two types of testicular macrophages have been identified, one found in interstitial spaces and another on the surface of seminiferous tubules. These macrophages prevent other immune system agents from entering the testes by releasing specific molecules.
Tropical Storm 14W formed over Wake Island, taking a unique comma shape with thunderstorms surrounding its center. The storm is expected to intensify and turn north before becoming extratropical.
A recent survey reveals that air pollution has a significant impact on bird health, reproductive success, and diversity. Only two field studies have been conducted since 1950 on the topic, highlighting the need for further research.
Researchers will investigate how loss of protective barrier protein TCPTP contributes to IBD and identify novel molecular pathways. They aim to correct intestinal barrier defects using JAK signaling pathway inhibitors, which are being tested in clinical trials.
NASA provided three different views of former Hurricane Franklin, revealing powerful storms and heavy rainfall before it dissipated. The Global Precipitation Measurement mission detected intense feeder bands on the western side of the tropical storm dropping rain at rates over 2.8 inches per hour.
Women diagnosed with cancer experience diverse sexual health concerns that change over time and stages of cancer. Their unique values, goals, and needs must be addressed during treatment and survivorship.
The study found that specially designed plastic films with N-halamines can prevent bacterial contamination by killing bacteria on contact. The plastic films work by releasing chlorine to sanitize surfaces, making them ideal for use in food processing operations and hospital environments.
Researchers found that ant species with closely related genetic backgrounds can have significantly different chemical profiles, which can change faster than other traits during evolution. Climate also influences the composition of these profiles, with species from humid regions having distinct hydrocarbon patterns.
Researchers at Lund University discovered that jackdaws minimize energy consumption when flapping their wings by creating multiple small vortices. This unique phenomenon could lead to more efficient flight in birds and potentially influence aircraft design.
Researchers at Monash University identified a crucial part of PTPN2's role in early T-cell development, which can contribute to the development of autoimmune disease. Decreased levels of this enzyme lead to pro-inflammatory T-cells that damage body tissues.
A new study found that higher income individuals engage in more moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity on fewer days, known as the 'weekend warrior' effect, while spending more time in sedentary pursuits. The study suggests tailoring physical activity messages to reflect the constraints of both low and high income individuals.
A research team at Lund University has discovered that gene expression in normal tissue varies depending on the location within the kidney. This variation affects the accuracy of comparisons between tumour cells and healthy tissue, leading to a better understanding of kidney cancer subtypes.