A little-studied gene SLC13A5 may explain how liver cancer cells obtain energy to proliferate. Suppressing SLC13A5 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines resulted in slower growth and division of cancer cells.
Researchers from UNH developed a novel method to estimate the extent of small particles in 3D models, enabling more accurate assessments of their properties. This innovation has practical applications in modeling volcanic ash clouds, sediment transport, and blood test development.
A UCI-led study found that a low-calorie diet helps maintain efficient energy processing in cells, which is linked to younger aging. The researchers also discovered that calorie restriction can rejuvenate the biological clock and prevent tissue aging in stem cells.
The Department of Energy's Office of Science Early Career Research Program has awarded funding to four Oak Ridge National Laboratory researchers. The selected researchers will study exotic nuclei, simulate magnetically confined fusion plasmas and investigate the role of symbiotic relationships between plants and microbes.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that consistent lead-in motions enable faster learning of new techniques, with participants perfecting their skills twice as quickly when executing consistent movements. The research has implications for skill learning and movement rehabilitation following neurological conditions.
A review of clinical trials and observational studies found that cholera vaccines reduce the risk of getting cholera by 58% in adults but only 30% in children under 5. The findings could inform policymakers on how to use the vaccine, particularly in outbreak settings like Yemen.
A new analysis shows that breast cancer prognoses have significantly improved for young women treated with breast conserving surgery between 1997 and 2010. The study found a dramatic reduction in breast cancer recurrences and deaths after the implementation of new diagnostic and treatment strategies in 2005.
Researchers at SUNY Downstate aim to develop a breakthrough neuroprosthetic to restore vision by stimulating brain cells with light, avoiding unwanted coactivation of mutually suppressive neurons. The project seeks transformative advances in viral transfection and imaging methodology to improve human medicine.
Fossil discoveries of Maiopatagium furculiferum and Vilevolodon diplomylos reveal ancient gliding behavior among extinct mammalian ancestors. These Jurassic mammals lived 100 million years before modern mammal fliers, with adaptations allowing them to thrive in a dinosaur-dominated landscape.
Physicist Mario Podestà develops a new subprogram to simulate particle motion in fusion plasmas, enabling faster and more accurate predictions. The improved code can now approximate the behavior of highly energetic atomic nuclei, crucial for achieving high-performance tokamaks like ITER.
A new review examines the evolution of animal experimentation ethics, providing strategies for teaching and alternatives like tissue cultures and computer modeling. Practical approaches are offered to improve ethical practices in animal research.
Researchers used X-ray fluorescence microscopy and soft X-ray tomography to study malaria parasites in liquid nitrogen, gaining insights into their ravaging mode of operation. The findings suggest a potential mechanism controlling the speed of hemoglobin digestion and crystallization, which could be targeted with new medication.
A new report confirms 2016 as the second-warmest year on record, with global temperatures reaching 1°C above pre-industrial levels due to human-induced climate change and El Niño events.
The 2017 Massry Prize recognizes the groundbreaking research of Knight, Gordon, and Pace on the human microbiome. Their work has led to a deeper understanding of microbes' role in human health and disease, with applications in fields such as medicine and environmental science.
A newly discovered infant ape skull from 13 million years ago provides insights into the evolution of human ancestors. The fossil, nicknamed Alesi, reveals a brain cavity, inner ears, and unerupted teeth that indicate it belonged to a new species, Nyanzapithecus alesi.
A study by Charles Zuker and colleagues has shown that the taste system wires itself through a process of cellular reconnection, allowing flavor information to flow from tongue to brain. The researchers found that specific chemical signals in newborn taste receptor cells can pull the right nerve cell connections towards them.
Researchers used a portable DNA sequencer to track the movement of the Zika virus, understanding its evolution and predicting future outbreaks. The study analyzed 254 whole genomes of the pathogen, revealing that Zika circulated silently in all regions of the Americas at least a year before the first confirmed cases.
Researchers found that biochar can absorb nutrients from manure, reducing nutrient runoff and water pollution. Biochar also demonstrated significant reductions in ammonia emissions, a primary contributor to manure odors.
Terrence Sejnowski will use advanced modeling techniques to understand how the brain stores information and how diseases like schizophrenia and Parkinson's affect it. The project aims to create a layered control system model of the brain, testing its accuracy with human tasks requiring fast reflexes and long-range planning.
A new study found that nearly one in five family medicine physicians accepted payments from pharmaceutical companies related to opioids, while anesthesiologists received the most total annual payments. The study suggests that pharmaceutical companies may have a stronger hold on how doctors prescribe opioids than previously known.
Researchers in Japan and China create a way to isolate solid carbon dust from gaseous carbon dioxide, yielding a promising approach to fix carbon in a stable form. The method also shows potential for treating atmospheric CO2 and scrubbing other harmful gases.
A recent study published in Science Advances estimated that up to half of the deep ocean became oxygen-depleted during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2, lasting for about half a million years. The researchers suggest that increased nutrient delivery fueled the production of organic matter, leading to oxygen loss.
A study found that western fence lizards preferentially flee from dark blue T-shirts over other colors, suggesting they respond to the color itself rather than its detectability. The researchers suggest that this could have implications for animal conservation and ecotourism, where human clothing color may affect animal behavior.
Researchers identify FMR1 and ZC3H14 as friend genes, regulating messenger RNA in neurons, affecting learning and memory. Mutant flies and mice display impaired working memory and altered brain development.
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin have identified a 'checkpoint' manned by immune cells that can halt allergic disease development. This discovery provides a potential new target for drug developers to regulate overly aggressive allergic responses.
A team of researchers from Florida Atlantic University developed an automated car counting system that significantly outperformed existing methods, with an accuracy rate of over 96%. The system uses convolutional neural networks and image classification techniques to accurately count cars in various weather conditions.
Aplidin, an anticancer agent with no hematological toxicity, is being combined with pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone to combat multiple myeloma. The quadruple combination study aims to increase the success rate of treatment by utilizing different mechanisms of action.
A study led by the University of California, Berkeley, found that people with mental illness reoffend less if placed on specialty probation, a program using individualized treatment-oriented approaches. Specialty probationers had a 52% recidivism rate over two years compared to 29% for traditional probationers.
A recent review suggests that frailty can be prevented with proper exercise, weight management and socialization. By adopting these measures, the elderly may be able to live healthier lives and avoid symptoms like fatigue and isolation.
Research published in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology found a significant association between marijuana use and an increased risk of death from hypertension. Marijuana users had a three-fold higher risk of dying from hypertension compared to non-users, with the risk increasing with each additional year of use.
A new technique can reveal weak areas in ceramic thermal barrier coatings, predicting coating lifetime and improving engine efficiency. The approach uses GHz illumination to analyze the coatings' refractive index changes with applied strain.
Tropical Storm Franklin strengthened after NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite captured its cold cloud tops on August 8. The storm is forecast to become a hurricane and make landfall in eastern Mexico as a hurricane tonight or early Thursday. Maximum sustained winds are near 70 mph.
Alaska's comprehensive hepatitis A vaccination program, established in the 1990s, has dramatically reduced the virus's presence among native peoples. The program's success is attributed to widespread vaccination requirements for school entry, resulting in an 88% decline in imported cases since 2008.
A cohort of 861 adults aged 70-90 years showed that greater reaction time variation predicted all-cause mortality. The findings suggest that reaction time variability could be an independent marker for predicting shorter time to death, even when accounting for other risk factors.
Researchers are studying how people's beliefs change over time, comparing German and American respondents. They will analyze questionnaire data and conduct in-depth interviews to document changes in religiosity and worldviews.
A clinical trial has observed noticeable changes in the behavior of immune systems of type 1 diabetes patients treated with peptides. The treatment has a noticeable effect on the immune system and suggests a potential way to protect remaining beta cells.
Researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology and Queen's University have detailed the structure of a 600-nanometer protein in an Antarctic bacterium, revealing its role in gripping onto ice surfaces. The discovery has potential applications in preventing pathogenic bacteria from attaching to human cells.
Survival rates for black and white patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest have improved over time, with black patients experiencing greater gains.
Scientists discovered that molecules help the tongue communicate with the brain to identify the correct taste. By rewiring the taste-system of mice, researchers found that taste receptor cells determine their own connectivity by providing instructive signals to neurons.
Researchers from MIT and Rutgers University found evidence of an active lunar dynamo that generated a magnetic field lasting at least 1 billion years longer than previously thought. The study suggests two possible mechanisms that powered the moon's ancient core, shedding new light on the phenomena that produced the lunar dynamo.
A recent study published in JAMA Dermatology identified key features linked to amelanotic melanoma, including the absence of moles on the back, multiple freckles, and sun-sensitive traits. These characteristics may trigger doctors and patients to pay attention to pink spots that could be indicative of this type of skin cancer.
Research reveals that exposure to environmental levels of triclocarban can transfer from mother to offspring and interfere with lipid metabolism. This could have serious implications for human health, particularly in early life development.
A new study by NYU's Steinhardt School finds that the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill increased overall college enrollment among veterans by 3 percentage points, with a larger impact immediately after its adoption. However, this effect has waned in recent years.
A study of over 300 galaxies found that heavier galaxies spin more slowly due to their mass, contradicting earlier theories. The research used the Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph to measure galaxy rotation rates.
A recent study analyzed feral pigs, gray squirrels, and waterfowl from uncontaminated and contaminated habitats to assess environmental contamination. Many waterfowl tissues exceeded safe consumption levels, posing health concerns for both birds and humans.
Researchers create whispering gallery mode resonator to detect nanoscale objects, improving performance with smaller target objects, and opening doors for biomedical devices, electronics, and biohazard detection.
A team led by Dr. Rena D'Souza aims to identify the relationship between PAX9 and WNT pathways in permanent tooth formation. The goal is to develop new therapies that reestablish normal interaction between genes and pathways to restore tooth development.
Alcohol use disorder increased in the US population from 65.4% to 72.7%, with significant growth among women, older adults, racial/ethnic minorities, and those with lower educational levels and family income. High-risk drinking also rose by 29.9% over two decades.
Research provides molecular blueprints for bacterial enzymes, enabling targeted drug development. Key differences between bacterial and human enzymes offer a potential solution to antibiotic resistance.
A meta-analysis of nearly 200 studies involving over 230,000 adults found a significant association between sexual assault and increased risk of mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The study suggests that sexual assault survivors are at higher risk of mental health problems regardle...
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin advise caution against aggressively lowering blood pressure in older people due to increased risk of falls and blackouts. A recent US trial's results suggest benefits of aggressive treatment may be offset by potential harms, highlighting the need for individualized assessment.
A study found that mothers with stronger opinions about responding to night wakings had poorer coparenting perceptions. The researchers emphasize the importance of early and frequent communication between parents to maintain a healthy coparenting relationship.
A team of Polish astronomers identified a new class of variable dwarf stars with shorter oscillation periods and higher surface temperatures than known classes. The newly discovered BLAPs are hotter and more compact than previously thought, posing an enigma in the field of astronomy.
Researchers found that brain-stimulating activities, physical activity, and a healthy lifestyle can reduce AD risk by up to 65 percent. Addressing known risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and depression can also prevent up to 30 percent of AD cases.
Research found that socioeconomically disadvantaged children are more likely to have thicker carotid artery walls, indicating a higher risk for heart attack and stroke. The study suggests that infection and inflammation may be underlying factors driving this association.
A recent study suggests that men may be experiencing a decline in stroke rates, with the rate decreasing by 31% for men compared to no change for women. The study, published in Neurology, analyzed data from 1.3 million adults and found that overall stroke rates declined significantly for men, but not for women.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers found that environmental regulations can reduce pollution emissions from urbanization without hindering economic growth. The study used annual data on air quality and economic indicators to assess the impact of stricter pollution standards, finding no negative effect on GDP.
Researchers warn of potential pitfalls in urban green space management, including the risk of creating ecological traps that lack native species support. Urban green spaces will still play a vital role in promoting healthy ecosystems and connecting citizens with nature.
Rice University researchers have developed a method to control defects in 2-D materials, which can enhance their electronic, magnetic and optical properties. By growing atomic-thin sheets on curved substrates, they can manipulate the appearance of grain boundaries, which are critical in determining material behavior.
A phase 3 trial found that biosimilar insulin lispro (SAR342434) has comparable efficacy and safety to Humalog in adults with type 1 diabetes. The study's findings support the use of biosimilars as a cost-effective alternative for insulin treatment.