A new study from Duke University Medical Center questions the effectiveness of risk-reducing mastectomy for women with BRCA mutations who have already had ovarian cancer. The procedure is found to be cost-effective only for women diagnosed between 40-50 years old and at least five years post-ovarian cancer diagnosis.
A study by Hiroshima University researchers has discovered that controlling the hoarding of genetic materials in the nucleus causes it to bulk up. The swelling is also enabled by regulating the transport of mRNA and proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, as well as lipid synthesis for nuclear membrane expansion.
A widely used drug screening tool has been found to be seriously flawed, incorrectly flagging many active compounds as potential PAINS. The University of North Carolina study analyzed thousands of compounds and found that majority do not exhibit interference with drug-candidate screening technology.
A Wayne State University researcher is leading a clinical research study to develop a better understanding of type 2 diabetes in obesity and improve therapy for veterans and others with the disease. The study aims to characterize a cohort of obese people with and without Type 2 diabetes to distinguish different genetic subtypes.
Researchers discovered a new class of topological materials, consisting of wolfram and tellurium atoms, which exhibit two-dimensional insulation and edge spin currents. This breakthrough enables the creation of spintronic devices with increased data transmission capacity and reduced power consumption.
A recent study published in The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health found that face-to-face bullying is considerably more common than cyberbullying among English teenagers. Nearly 30% of all teenagers reported experiencing some form of regular bullying, with girls being more likely to experience traditional bullying.
A new therapy, idarucizumab, has been shown to rapidly reverse the effects of the blood thinner dabigatran in patients with life-threatening bleeding or emergency surgery needs. The study found that idarucizumab was able to stop bleeding within 2.5 hours and allow surgery to begin at a median of 1.6 hours after administration.
A nationwide Swedish study linked alendronate treatment to a lower risk of hip fractures in elderly patients using medium to high doses of anti-inflammatory medication. The research also found that longer treatment duration was associated with a greater reduction in fracture risk.
A new study published in JAMDA found that visits from home health workers within a week of discharge from skilled nursing facilities lower the risk of hospital readmissions within 30 days. This association was strongest compared to appointments with physicians or nurse practitioners.
A new tool allows users to design collapsible telescoping structures from any 3D shape, enabling compact mechanisms and deployable structures. The research, led by Carnegie Mellon Professors Stelian Coros and Keenan Crane, successfully prototyped flexible robot arms and tent-like structures.
A University of Illinois study concludes that the Missouri River requires a multi-state cooperation plan to manage its dynamics and mitigate damages from flooding and erosion. Human activities such as dam construction have altered the river's course, causing sedimentation and increasing flood risks.
A study in mice found that antibiotics taken late in pregnancy and during nursing can alter the gut microbiome and increase the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in offspring. The antibiotic treatment also caused lasting changes in the mothers' gut microbiomes, which were passed on to their offspring.
Researchers have created a highly efficient solar cell that captures nearly all the energy in the solar spectrum, converting direct sunlight to electricity with 44.5% efficiency. The new design uses concentrator photovoltaic panels and stacked cells to capture energy from specific wavelengths of light.
A Japanese collaboration led by Osaka University has developed a method to detect unique signatures from single molecules using carbon nanotube-based devices. The researchers found that different molecules produced distinct noise signals related to their properties, allowing for the prediction of molecular interactions.
A team from Kyoto University developed a synthetic compound that can bind to mitochondrial DNA, suppressing a gene associated with nerve and muscle disease. The compound, MITO-PIP, caused a 60% to 90% reduction in the expression of a key gene involved in mitochondrial metabolism.
New research reveals a mechanism driving cell cannibalism in tumors, suggesting it may resist cancer growth. Weakened cell attachments trigger entosis, where one cell kills and digests another, potentially slowing or preventing tumor growth.
A new study from Oregon State University reveals that socioeconomic status and institutional revenue are significant predictors of college graduation rates. The research highlights the need for targeted support services and resources to help underserved populations succeed.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a modified skin biopsy technique to hasten the diagnosis of transthyretin amyloidosis, a rare and lethal nerve disease. The test, which detects protein clumps in skin samples, shows promise for more rapid clinical trials and improved treatment options.
A study found significant abnormalities in Parkinson's disease patients' visual systems, including optic radiations alterations and white matter concentration reductions. These changes may serve as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of the disease.
Research reveals a key physical difference in the brains of military-trained individuals with PTSD, specifically a larger right amygdala volume. This finding has potential implications for diagnosis and treatment of PTSD.
A team of researchers found that decades of groundwater pumping from the Ogallala Aquifer has led to long segments of rivers drying up and collapse of large-stream fishes. The study's findings have implications for watersheds worldwide, as irrigation accounts for 90% of human water use globally.
TAK228 enhances radiation and chemotherapy for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT), two childhood brain cancers with poor prognosis. The drug reduces tumor cell proliferation and increases cancer cell death, particularly when combined with treatment.
Researchers found hundreds of new species of fungi living in association with algae in mesophotic coral ecosystems. The discovery reveals the remarkable ability of some fungi to tolerate and thrive in extremely different habitats.
A new study published in Radiology found that insurance coverage for CT colonography significantly increases the likelihood of screening for colorectal cancer. The study, which analyzed data from over 33,000 patients under age 65, showed a 48% greater chance of screening among those with insurance coverage.
Rats without a certain glutamate receptor are less likely to seek out cocaine when it's difficult to obtain, but more likely to consume it when it's freely available. This suggests that the receptor plays a role in modulating reward-seeking behavior associated with drug addiction.
NYU Steinhardt received nearly $9.5 million to fund research on education in New York City, including studies on universal pre-K, Career Technical Education, and postsecondary success for English learners with disabilities.
Researchers found that individuals with trypophobia experience intense disgust and nausea when viewing cluster images, even for disease-irrelevant stimuli. The study suggests a connection between trypophobia and an evolutionary history of infectious disease and parasitism.
A new gene-editing technology, ReMOT Control, is being developed by a Penn State-led team to enable researchers to study gene function in diverse arthropod species. This method breaks down barriers to genetic modification, allowing for accurate and precise studies of gene function.
A recent study by University of Kent researchers has found that premature babies have longer telomeres than their term-born counterparts, contradicting the expectation. This finding suggests other factors may influence telomere length in premature infants and raises the possibility that prematurity affects aging rate.
A study of modern hunter-gatherers in Tanzania found that mismatched sleep schedules and restless nights may be an evolutionary leftover from a time when predators lurked in the shadows. This natural variation in sleep patterns helps ensure at least one person is awake to keep watch, reducing the need for nighttime sentinels.
A University of South Carolina researcher has been awarded a $4.4 million NASA grant to develop new communication systems for aircraft, addressing limitations in ATM networks and increasing safety with unmanned drones sharing airspace.
A new study from Lund University found that four actions have the greatest impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions: a plant-based diet, avoiding air travel, living car-free, and having smaller families. These actions can save up to 2.4 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year.
Elena Castro, a Spanish researcher, is awarded the Prostate Cancer Foundation's Young Investigator Award for her project on DNA damage repair genes and their impact on advanced prostate cancer progression. The award supports her work to develop therapeutic strategies for patients with genetic defects.
A community-led intervention in Tanzania reduced disrespect and abuse during childbirth by 66%, with notable decreases in physical abuse and neglect. The study suggests that individual behavior change, organizational systems change, and deeper societal transformation are necessary to eliminate disrespect and abuse.
A new study reveals British East Asian students are more likely to receive negative media coverage than East Asian students from China and India, with racist undertones and biases prevalent in reporting. This bias is not apparent when referencing East Asian students studying in the UK, where their economic value is highlighted.
Tulane University has received a $12 million grant to test a promising drug treatment for Lassa fever and develop a vaccine against the deadly disease. The vaccine targets a recently discovered key antibody target on the surface of the virus, which can block it from infecting host cells.
Among patients unresponsive to an antidepressant, adding aripiprazole modestly increased remission rates from depression compared to switching or augmenting with bupropion. The study found symptom improvement was greater with aripiprazole than other treatments.
Heavy rainfall was measured by NASA's GPM mission over Hurricane Eugene as it approached its peak on July 8. The storm weakened to a tropical storm by July 11, with rain diminishing significantly in the northwestern quadrant.
New studies from Northwestern University reveal that high school and college students from low SES backgrounds are less motivated to overcome academic hardships when they doubt their chances of achieving upward mobility. The research highlights the importance of providing viable paths to future financial stability for these students.
Scientists at the University of California - Davis have discovered a way to steer neural stem cells transplanted into the rat brain towards specific locations using electric fields. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for effectively guiding stem cells to repair brain damage and treat diseases such as stroke and injuries.
A new computational model of an electrospray thruster using ionic liquid ferrofluid simulates the dynamics of the fluid, revealing key insights into its behavior. The technology has potential applications in spacecraft propulsion, spectrometry, pharmaceutical production, and nanofabrication.
A new study by NASA scientists found that Arctic winter warming events are occurring more frequently and lastingly, with an average increase of nearly two days in duration. The study also shows a significant impact on the Arctic climate system, with warmer temperatures hindering ice growth and expansion.
Droplets can spontaneously climb a staircase with the help of wettability, a measure of how well a surface adheres to a liquid. The researchers found that a higher wettability gradient is needed for steeper steps and larger droplets.
Researchers successfully isolated cells in microgravity using standard protocols, paving the way for genetic and omics studies on the International Space Station. This breakthrough could enable faster diagnosis of illnesses in astronauts, potentially saving lives.
Researchers have identified heparanase, an enzyme present in the cornea, as a key factor in promoting and sustaining inflammation after HSV-1 infection. Elevated levels of heparanase trigger damage to tissue junctions and lead to pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
A European opinion poll found that most citizens are relatively well informed about marine climate change issues, but a significant number are poorly or misinformed. Many believe human activities do not play a role in climate change and think scenarios may have already occurred by 2100.
Biologist Madelaine Bartlett aims to uncover the molecular underpinnings of floral diversification in flowering plants. Her research has the potential to improve grass crop yields and understand evolutionary development.
A new study suggests that tracking pulse rate can help determine whether a woman needs blood pressure regulating medication after a spinal block before a Caesarean section. The research recommends considering factors such as pulse rate variability, pulse transit time, and body mass index to identify patients at risk of hypotension.
A new study found that dying adults in the US receive almost twice as much caregiving support per week compared to those not at the end of life. Unpaid family caregivers, particularly spouses, report high levels of physical difficulty and time constraints.
The American Society of Human Genetics has honored Dr. Arthur L. Beaudet with the Victor A. McKusick Leadership Award, recognizing his groundbreaking work on uniparental disomy and its implications for genetic diseases. His current research focuses on neuronal carnitine deficiency as a risk factor for autism.
Researchers have developed novel secreted reporter proteins that can be detected for several months after infusion into the liver, demonstrating potential for monitoring therapeutic gene delivery and ongoing expression. The findings show promise for scaling up this method to humans.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University developed a system that considers cellular and molecular factors to determine functional age of cells. The results show that biophysical qualities of cells, such as movement and structural features, are better measures of functional age than other factors.
Researchers found differences in immune system factors between men and women with bipolar disorder, particularly in zinc levels associated with depression severity in women. This study suggests that biological changes in the body could be used to diagnose the disease and tailor treatments differently for men and women.
New research reveals Arctic winter warming events are occurring more frequently and lasting longer, with an average duration of 12 hours longer than three decades ago. The study attributes this increase to major storms in the Arctic, which bring warm air from the Atlantic Ocean, leading to peak temperatures above minus 10 degrees Celsius.
Researchers at Northwestern University developed a synthetic material that can trigger reversible cell signaling, enabling potential treatments for Parkinson's and other diseases. The material can be used to control stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and return to a proliferative state on demand.
Researchers use ALMA to capture intricate 3-D rendering of newly formed molecules inside the supernova remnant, revealing previously undetected molecules such as formyl cation and sulfur monoxide. The study provides new insights into the physical instabilities inside a supernova and its impact on the surrounding interstellar space.
A team led by Northwestern University's Erik Luijten and Steve Granick discovered a non-equilibrium system that quantitatively behaves like an equilibrium system. The finding could lead to a set of rules making it possible to predict the properties of non-equilibrium systems.
A recent study at the University of Pennsylvania found that commercial brain training with Lumosity had no effect on decision-making or cognitive function. The researchers recruited two groups, one following Lumosity and the other playing online video games, but neither group showed improvements in brain activity or decision-making.
Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin isomers has been shown to improve macular pigment optical density, visual performance, and reduce symptoms of blue light exposure. The study found a significant reduction in eye strain and fatigue after six months of supplementation.
A new study by MIT economists reveals that hospitals investing more in inpatient care yield better results than those relying on skilled nursing facilities after discharge. This is particularly true for elderly Medicare recipients, who experience lower mortality rates when receiving quality initial care.