Research found that reduced mastication in mice led to suppressed maxillofacial bone and muscle growth, as well as reduced neural activity in the hippocampus, a key component of memory. This study suggests maintaining or strengthening masticatory function may help prevent dementia and memory/learning dysfunction.
A new study reveals oil spills can alter the structure of aquatic food webs, leading to increased fish populations like menhaden in the Gulf of Mexico. The research found that the loss of top predators reduced predation on forage fish, resulting in a surge in their abundance after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout.
Ambiguous losses in physicians' roles can cause stress and grief, which contributes to burnout if not acknowledged. A proposed solution is supporting physicians in addressing their grief, rather than focusing on resilience training.
A new analysis tool reveals energy storage technologies can predict when they become cost-effective, with electric cars leading the way. The study predicts electric cars could rival petrol as early as 2022 and home batteries become competitive by the 2030s.
A randomized clinical trial investigated whether allowing infants to self-feed solid foods reduces the risk of overweight. The study found that a baby-led approach did not improve energy self-regulation or body weight but showed benefits in attitudes towards food.
Research by the University of Lincoln and European scientists shows that individual characteristics, such as age and social hierarchy, significantly impact how quickly birds explore new objects. Neotic style, or fear of new things, affects when they choose to investigate but not their level of exploration.
Researchers found that female zebra finches need to hear their father's song to develop the ability to distinguish between high-quality and low-quality courtship songs. The study suggests that environmental factors play a crucial role in shaping the developing brain's perception of vocal signals.
The study found that men have a higher plaque burden than women, and that it increases with age. The 3D vascular ultrasound technique has the potential to become a key screening tool for identifying at-risk individuals.
The University of Bath is opening a global centre of excellence in advanced propulsion systems, expected to create over 1,900 new jobs and stimulate £67m in additional research investment by 2025. The Institute will attract sector-related businesses and generate economic growth.
A new study has identified 18 genetic variations associated with lung cancer risk and 10 new gene variations. The research, conducted by an international team, used a special research platform called OncoArray to gather genotype data from different studies worldwide.
Family physicians are well-qualified to treat addiction due to their focus on relationships, communities, and team-based care. Primary care physicians must be responsible for the initial and longitudinal care of patients with substance use disorders, and specialized services must be widely available and accessible.
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that patients experiencing delayed emergency surgery are at a higher risk of death and have longer hospital stays. The delays were primarily caused by staff and operating room unavailability, highlighting the need for spare capacity to ensure timely access to care.
Researchers at USC and Georgia Tech will develop a powerful new data-analysis platform to process massive amounts of graph data in real-time, with potential applications in security, consumer applications, and predicting cyber attacks. The goal is to achieve a 1000-fold speed-up in processing data.
A large-scale analysis found that non-Medicare patients accounted for nearly half of all short-term readmissions, while psychiatric disease and substance abuse were the most common diagnoses among non-elderly patients. Medicaid patients had very high rates of short-term readmissions across all age groups.
Researchers found trace element barium present in azurite blues, identifying a unique fingerprint that can help link scattered pages. This discovery may aid in provenance research and provide insights into trade routes and historic mining sites.
A Northwestern University study finds that having a purpose in life is associated with improved sleep quality, reduced sleep apnea, and restless leg syndrome in older adults. The research suggests that cultivating purpose through mindfulness therapies could be an effective drug-free strategy to improve sleep.
Scientists from the University of Plymouth have discovered that cellular prion protein is over-produced in schwannoma cells, contributing to tumor growth and patient prognosis. The study identified existing drugs that could manage this protein overproduction and potentially lead to an effective therapy for neurofibromatosis 2 patients.
A study reveals that individuals with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) process visual information from the affected side of their body more slowly than the unaffected side. This suggests a possible change in brain mechanisms that normally allow us to process information at different locations.
Researchers developed FAST - a fast whole-brain imaging system that can visualize individual cells and subcellular structures in the entire brain. This technique allows for faster comparison of multiple brains to gain new insights into brain diseases.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a new catalyst for amide hydrogenation that operates under mild conditions, allowing for the efficient conversion of amides to amines. The catalyst enables sustainable pharmaceutical production with minimal by-products and high selectivity.
Researchers from Virginia Tech and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have developed a new method to study the role of biomechanical forces in diseased pathologies. The technique, called nanonet force microscopy (NFM), measures single cell-fiber forces under both passive conditions and disease conditions.
Researchers discovered that endothelial cells lining blood vessels are not as effective at removing invading bacteria via xenophagy, a process used by epithelial cells. The study suggests that targeting the ubiquitination pathway could lead to new approaches for fighting infections like GAS.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a systematic method for comparing the accuracy of different types of simulation models for predicting extreme events. The study found that nonparametric methods are more flexible but limited to small dimensions, while parametric methods can handle higher-dimensional problems but are sensitive to errors.
The study sheds light on the functions of sweat gland components, revealing key roles for myoepithelial cells and nerve interactions. The findings have implications for treating disorders of the perspiratory system and could lead to new treatments for heatstroke.
Researchers from Kyoto University developed a new method to transfer genes into cancer cells using gold nanorods coated with oleate and DOTAP. The nanorods are activated by near-infrared laser heat, inducing cell death in surrounding cancer cells.
UT Southwestern researchers have developed a method for direct conversion of double bond-containing hydrocarbons into multifunctional compounds with high purity. The new reaction utilizes a specially designed chiral catalyst to selectively create desirable molecules, accelerating pharmaceutical production.
Located close to the Milky Way, IC 342 is a sweeping spiral galaxy with an active core. The Hubble Space Telescope image reveals a mixture of hot star-forming regions, cooler gas, and dark dust lanes around the bright core, indicating the presence of ionized hydrogen.
A computer vision system analyzed street-level photos to gauge neighborhood safety and predict urban change. The study found that the density of highly educated residents, rather than income or ethnic composition, predicts revitalization in five American cities.
Researchers developed a meniscus-assisted solution printing (MASP) technique to fabricate high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with large crystals. The process boosts power conversion efficiencies by controlling crystal size and orientation, resulting in stable and efficient solar cells.
Two subsets of dendritic cells work together to activate T cells against a virus. CD141+ DCs produce viral fragments from infected CD1c+ DCs, which they then present to T cells.
A new international study using advanced modeling techniques predicts that extreme sea levels will occur more frequently, causing significant damage and loss of life. The researchers found that regions such as the US west coast and large parts of Europe and Australia are particularly threatened by 2050.
Baits have become a significant portion of black bears' diets, potentially bolstering population density. The widespread consumption of calorically rich foods may be driven by the goals and consequences of baiting policies needing re-evaluation.
Researchers found genetically diverse strains of C. difficile in soil samples from children's and dogs' sandboxes in Madrid. The presence of certain strains with increased toxin production poses a significant threat to human and animal health.
Researchers found that prenatal alcohol exposure alters the brain's reward system, making individuals more susceptible to addiction. The study suggests that endocannibinoids play a critical role in this process, leading to increased sensitivity to drugs of abuse and decreased dopamine neuron function.
Researchers found Epac2A controls insulin release amount and timing at cell membrane sites. Patients with type 2 diabetes have lower Epac2A levels, suggesting a link to reduced insulin secretion.
Diversity in cultural values is associated with lower regional economic development in Europe. Polarized societies hinder coordination and lead to lower public goods provision.
Researchers are testing graphene's potential in space applications through two experiments. GrapheneX, a student-led team, will use microgravity conditions to test graphene for light sails, while another experiment investigates how graphene improves efficiency in loop heat pipes, crucial for satellite cooling systems.
The study found that despite a colder climate, residents in Ii Hamina survived for centuries by having similar diets from childhood to adulthood. However, one individual displayed variation in isotope composition potentially attributable to poor nutrition.
Dian Donnai, a clinical geneticist and educator, received the ASHG's 2017 Education Award for her efforts in human genetics education. Her research focused on understanding developmental disorders in children, and she founded several international conferences and workshops to promote collaboration.
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology researchers created efficient catalysts based on inexpensive and abundant manganese to convert carbon dioxide into formic acid and formamide, widely used in industry. The new catalyst can perform over 6,000 turnovers and is stable in air, opening possibilities for other CO2 conversions.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University directly measured giant resonant fields in subwavelength dielectric particles, overcoming measurement difficulties by using radio waves. The study provides theoretical explanation and has potential applications in medicine, biology, telecommunications, and optical computing.
Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered that diatoms, previously thought to be asexual, reproduce sexually using ammonium as an inducer. The findings may aid in the evolution of sexual behavior and offer promising biotechnological applications.
A recent study found that babies who were large at birth had an increased likelihood of being obese when they were in kindergarten to second grade. Children who were heavy as infants remained heavier than those born at normal birthweight, highlighting the importance of early lifestyle interventions to prevent obesity.
Patients with diabetes who experience severe dysglycemia are at highest risk for recurrent episodes and readmission. Discharge planning and post-hospital follow-up can help prevent readmissions.
Research from the University of Liverpool reveals a strong association between childhood obesity and hip diseases, particularly Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE). Obese children are at highest risk of developing SCFE, which can cause significant pain and lead to hip replacement in adolescence or early adulthood.
Low-income students report that reciprocal peer relationships, teachers who care, and family assets contribute to their academic success. The study's findings can inform program design to support students at risk of failure due to poverty.
Researchers studied how hospitalized older adults choose post-acute care facilities, finding they often rely on limited information and make hasty decisions. Key factors in choosing a facility include proximity, prior experience, and staff quality, but these are rarely considered.
New research suggests that educating patients' immune cells with cord blood stem cells may help combat type 1 and 2 diabetes. The therapy is safe and effective in improving islet beta cell function, making it a potential treatment for other autoimmune diseases.
A family-based treatment approach for childhood obesity was found to be effective in reducing body mass index standard deviation scores. Young age and high BMI-SDS at baseline, as well as good motivation for treatment and adherence to the protocol, were key factors associated with successful weight loss.
The employment-to-population ratio for working-age people with disabilities increased from 28.1% in June 2016 to 29.8% in June 2017, up 6%. Labor force participation rates also rose, with people with disabilities outpacing those without disabilities.
Scientists have discovered that hypnotic states significantly impair deep processing operations while allowing simple perception to occur. This suggests that hypnosis affects specific regions of the brain when receiving visual stimuli.
Researchers have developed a copper-catalyzed double hydroboration method to synthesize internal gem-diborylalkanes. The approach restricts regioselectivity with carbonyl groups, overcoming previous challenges with internal alkynes.
A team of engineers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the University at Buffalo has developed a powerful new photodetector that combines unique fabrication methods and light-trapping structures. The device increases light absorption in thin materials, enabling smaller optoelectronic devices with improved performance.
Breastfeeding peer support services vary across UK regions, with only 56% of NHS areas offering them. Mothers from poorer areas often face challenges in accessing these services, exacerbating existing health inequalities.
A recent study found that psychosocial factors such as depression and anxiety disorders have a stronger negative impact on subjective well-being in older adults. The researchers analyzed data from over 3,600 participants aged 73 and found that women living alone were more likely to experience low well-being.
More than 115,000 children under five die annually from RSV complications, with half occurring outside hospitals in developing countries. Researchers call for affordable treatments and vaccines as a priority to combat the virus.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed a new statistical model to estimate kidney function in cancer patients, improving chemotherapy dosing accuracy. The model reduces errors from over 20% to 11.7% compared to existing methods.
A simple test for bladder cancer has been developed that can predict its return in over 80% of patients, identifying the faulty protein TERT. This new method detects bladder cancers earlier than existing tests and distinguishes them from urinary tract infections, potentially helping doctors start treatment sooner.
A new circular RNA marker has been identified in blood and lung tissue, associated with increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. High expression of this marker may improve lung cancer screening and detection at late stages.
Researchers at NYU Dentistry aim to understand how immune cells contribute to sex differences in oral cancer pain. The study will determine if neutrophil infiltration affects pain levels in patients and explore a potential mechanism for improving pain management.