Researchers discovered how TORC1 protein complexes regulate cell growth in response to sugar availability. In the absence of sugar, these complexes self-assemble into massive tubular structures that halt cell growth. The formation and disassembly of these tubules can be easily observed in living cells.
A new study by Uppsala University researchers found that patients' expectations significantly influence the efficacy of SSRI antidepressants. In a double-blind study, patients who received correct information about their medication showed three times more responders than those given incorrect information.
A study by NC State University researchers reveals that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a neurotransmitter involved in itching sensations, plays no role in pain transmission. This finding could lead to the development of specific drugs or therapies to block pain signals closer to their source.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have engineered designer biosensors that can detect antibiotic molecules of interest produced by microbes such as E. coli. The biosensors use a naturally occurring molecular switch to detect the presence of macrolide antibiotics, enabling the screening of millions of different strains qu...
A 35-million-year-old salamander fossil from France has yielded a unique glimpse into the life of an ancient creature. Researchers have successfully imaged the internal anatomy of the specimen using advanced x-ray imaging techniques, revealing that it fed on frogs - a rare food source for salamanders.
The NIAAA Alcohol Treatment Navigator offers a comprehensive strategy to help individuals search for professionally-led, evidence-based treatment. The navigator guides users through a step-by-step process to find qualified treatment providers, taking into account individual needs and preferences.
The overall annual incidence of measles in the United States remained low from 2001 to 2015, with most cases reported among unvaccinated individuals. The study suggests that failure to vaccinate may be the main driver of measles transmission, highlighting the importance of maintaining high vaccine coverage.
Explosive volcanic eruptions in the tropics can lead to El Niño events by pumping sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, reflecting solar radiation and reducing global surface temperature. Climate model simulations show that El Niño tends to peak during the year after large volcanic eruptions.
A new study published in Epilepsia found that cooling treatment for newborns who suffer from perinatal asphyxia significantly reduces the number of children developing epilepsy later in childhood. The research also showed improved cognitive performance, life quality, and life expectancy for these patients.
A comprehensive study monitored microbial load, diversity and dynamics in a closed habitat for 520 days, finding human-associated bacteria to be the main source of microbial dispersal. The researchers also noted that confinement triggered significant changes in the bacterial community, with diversity decreasing over time.
A systematic review of high-deductible health care plans found they curb both healthcare cost and usage, including preventive care. The study showed a decrease in patient use of medical services, including desirable services like cancer screenings.
Taking oral vitamin D supplements alongside standard asthma medication may halve the risk of severe asthma attacks that require hospital care. Research found a 30% reduction in steroid treatment and a 50% decrease in hospitalizations due to asthma exacerbations.
Researchers at Lehigh University found brief online behavioral therapy for parents is equally effective to in-person training in improving children's behavior and parental knowledge. Parents participating in the streamlined 10-week format were more likely to be engaged and complete training.
A new study published in Environmental Engineering Science found that titanium dioxide, commonly used in foods and coatings, can affect the types of bacteria present in the human gut and its pH. The study suggests that food-grade TiO2 produces different microbial responses compared to industrial-grade particles.
A new study found that gabapentin co-use with opioids increases the risk of fatal opioid overdose. The study analyzed data from Ontario, Canada and found that patients prescribed both gabapentin and opioids were more likely to die from an opioid overdose.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison will study how legumes evolved to cooperate with bacteria for nitrogen fixation. The goal is to recreate this ability in other crops like poplar and cereals, reducing fertilizer use and environmental pollution.
A team of researchers used machine learning to model the behavior of aluminum and uranium in different phases at various temperatures and pressures. The study improved upon previous results in terms of speed and accuracy, enabling further work with only promising materials.
Researchers used satellite imagery and simulations to explore the role of currents in the Red Sea biosphere, finding significant variability in eddies that facilitate transport and dispersal. The study's findings suggest water circulation patterns play a significant role in determining the distribution of Red Sea clownfish populations.
Researchers from Finland's Universities of Turku and Helsinki have identified dozens of prey species consumed by adult dragonflies using DNA analysis of faecal samples. The study provides unprecedented specificity on the position of dragonflies in natural food webs.
The Hastings Center Report examines ethical dilemmas in global health, including resource sensitivity, physician-assisted death and parental authority. The case for providing cheaper, less effective treatments to promote health and realize ethical values is presented.
Researchers at UTA and Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology discovered the generation of H2, O2, H2O, and CO2 in the Earth's mantle, shedding new light on planetary evolution. The study also found that deep mantle upwelling can oxidize fluids to produce water and carbon dioxide.
Researchers at NREL and Johns Hopkins University have developed a methodology to quantify the life cycle land use of natural gas. The study provides quantifiable information on the land use requirements for natural gas production, enabling fair comparisons of energy technologies.
A new study found that mothers are more likely to spend money on their daughters while fathers prioritize their sons. This gender-based bias affects decision-making across various aspects of life, including charitable giving, college savings, and politics.
A study by researchers at the University of Seville found that individuals with lower levels of education are 10.32 times more likely to commit violent crimes than those with high educational levels. Additionally, prisoners diagnosed with functional mental illness were 3.5 times more likely to commit or attempt murder.
Researchers have discovered how Leishmania donovani uses physiological response to low oxygen levels to establish a chronic infection. The parasite induces the expression of HIF-1α, a master regulator of cellular response to hypoxia, in monocytes and macrophages.
Monitoring blood levels of infliximab in IBD patients before loss of efficacy is associated with improved outcomes, including lower rates of surgery and hospitalization. This approach is linked to reduced treatment failure, infusion reactions, and need for IBD-related surgery or hospitalization.
A new study analyzing medieval skeletons found that contracting leprosy increased a person's chances of dying, but social status and sex also played roles. The researchers created a model to explore morbidity and mortality through a unique data set, shedding light on the complexities of the disease in the past.
A new iPhone app called MS Mosaic aims to improve multiple sclerosis management by tracking patients' daily and weekly symptoms. The app collects data through various surveys, performance tests, and wearable device integration, providing insights for more tailored treatment.
Researchers developed a machine to automate soybean quality evaluation during harvesting, providing real-time grain quality information. The system uses high-speed camera and computer program to analyze beans in real time, allowing operators to make adjustments as they go.
US breast cancer death rates are decreasing overall, with a 39% drop since 1989. Black women still face higher mortality rates than white women, but several states have seen significant declines in the gap between the two groups.
Researchers discovered a mechanism by which gut bacteria contribute to hypertension, involving the breakdown of cortisol into a molecule called GALF. This process can lead to an increase in blood pressure. The study aims to develop targeted therapies to combat hypertension.
A new study has found that trastuzumab treatment does not increase the risk of surgical site complications that require intervention after breast reconstruction. Immediate breast reconstruction may be possible for patients receiving trastuzumab alone, but those on combination targeted HER-2 treatment should delay surgery.
A parenting program strengthening skills also improves ADHD symptoms in 3-8 year-olds, according to researchers. The 'Incredible Years' Basic Parent Program demonstrates sustained improvements for children's behavior difficulties and social skills.
A team led by University of Iowa physicist Craig Kletzing has won $1.25 million from NASA to conceptualize a potential mission to study the interactions between the sun and Earth's magnetic fields. The mission, called TRACERS, aims to better understand how the solar wind affects our planet and its technology.
A new cardiac catheter combines fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) with intravascular ultrasound to measure plaque composition, providing a more accurate prediction of heart attacks. The device has been tested in living swine hearts and human coronary artery samples, showing promising results.
Scientists have designed a new single-site catalyst that speeds up the rate of water oxidation, releasing protons and electrons that can be used to create hydrogen fuel. The catalyst improves upon previous designs, achieving a comparable rate to natural photosynthesis per catalytic site.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center discovered a novel agent YK-4-279 that, when combined with vincristine, halts the ability of Ewing sarcoma to grow and progress. The combination produces a microtubule catastrophe in cancer cells, targeting their ability to divide and multiply.
A fecal transplant from a lean donor can temporarily improve insulin resistance in obese men, but only half of the recipients responded. The success of the treatment depends on each patient's fecal gut-bacterial makeup, which can be predicted through analysis.
Researchers at NIH uncovered the first evidence of a brain lymphatic system, suggesting vessels act as a pipeline between brain and immune system. The discovery uses MRI to scan brains of healthy volunteers and confirms results in human and nonhuman primate brains.
The Joslin Diabetes Center has been awarded $8.2 million from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in continued support for its Diabetes Research Center program. The funding will enable researchers to advance treatments and potentially find a cure for diabetes.
A study published in Developmental Psychology found that socially active youth have higher expectations for their careers and are more likely to attain prestigious jobs. Researchers suggest that educators provide spaces for students to reflect on and challenge inequalities, leading to improved engagement and learning outcomes.
A review by UC Davis graduate students highlights the need for research on wildfire smoke's composition and its impact on human health. The study found that current scientific evidence is insufficient, and pesticides and fire-suppression chemicals used in California contribute to the toxic effects of wildfire smoke.
Scientists discovered a prehistoric squid's remains in the stomach of a nearly 200-million-year-old newborn ichthyosaur. The young ichthyosaur was around 70 cm long and had a complete set of bones, making it exceptionally well-preserved.
Researchers at Florida State University found that the heaviest and rarest elements do not follow traditional rules of quantum mechanics. Instead, Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity governs their behavior, revealing unusual chemistry patterns. The study sheds new light on these lesser-known elements.
A new report by the University of Oxford evaluates claims about grass-fed beef and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions. The study finds that while grazing can sequester carbon, this effect is time-limited and outweighed by emissions at the global level.
Researchers have discovered evidence of dynamical dark energy, suggesting that the nature of dark energy may not be a constant vacuum energy. The discovery was made possible by high-precision measurements of Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations and will require confirmation from next-generation astronomical surveys.
Researchers have identified a distinctive epigenetic event in immune cells that differentiate in the tumoral microenvironment, making them tolerant to cancer cells. The study found that DNA methyltransferase 3A is responsible for the acquisition of suppressive properties in these cells.
Researchers found that large-scale pheasant release programs have not changed the birds' roadkill likelihood, but shifted peak times to autumn and late winter. Captive-bred pheasants lack survival skills after release, making them vulnerable to road accidents.
Researchers develop heat-treated magnesium alloy that outperforms titanium in implant applications, promoting bone growth and stability while avoiding complications like infection and corrosion. The T-5 alloy shows superior mechanical properties, lower degradation rates, and limited risks of rejection or infection.
Researchers found that super-powerful quantum computers must be even more powerful than previously thought to outperform ordinary PCs. The team simulated boson sampling for 20-50 photons on laptops and servers, pushing the boundary of what is possible.
A new study found that Twitter is a hub of anti-vaccine sentiment, particularly in affluent regions. The research used machine-learning algorithms to analyze over half a million tweets between 2009 and 2015, finding that half of online discussions about vaccines were negative.
Researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology found that elevated ammonia levels in Beijing have a relatively little impact on the acidity of pollutant particles. They suggest that sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide could be more significant contributors to extreme haze, which is linked to human health risks.
Researchers found that migratory female butterflies make distinct physiological changes to invest in flight over reproduction during migration. They remain reproductively inactive and carry a lighter abdomen to optimize energy use. This strategy allows them to breed at the end of the migration, producing large numbers of eggs.
A new study reveals that livestock grazing has damaged one-third of giant panda habitat in the park, with bamboos being a crucial food source. The degradation coincides with a nine-fold increase in livestock numbers over 15 years, driven by factors such as increased consumer demand for meat and unclear government policies.
A new study from Drexel University found that incorporating diverse ideas from women can improve safety in traditionally male fire departments. However, female firefighters often face hostile cultures and feel unwelcome due to hypermasculine environments. This can lead to a lack of reporting of injuries, which can be career-ending.
New simulations show that limiting local coordination between swarming animals improves group survival and information spreading. Researchers at SUTD discovered a parallel between collective evasive maneuvers and the spread of information in social networks.
Researchers tested the KiVa program to reduce bullying and victimization in US schools. Results showed significant reductions in bullying, but implementation was limited by factors such as teacher burnout and lack of resources. Improving teachers' workloads and reducing burnout may lead to better outcomes.
Researchers will use state-of-the-art imaging techniques to gain new insights into neural circuit function, critical for addressing visual and neurological disorders. The grant aims to fill a major gap in understanding how neurons process information, crucial for treating brain-related conditions.
Researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital discovered a genomic recipe in rare benign tumors that can regenerate insulin-producing human beta cells, potentially treating diabetes. The study's findings have the potential to develop new drugs that increase healthy beta cell mass.
A recent Oregon study with zebrafish found that transmitted microbes lead to similar gut microbiomes, selecting for particular microbes that are good at moving from fish to fish. This suggests the movement of microbes may drive microbiome variation and could impact human health.