Researchers found that organs from overdose deaths have noninferior outcomes to those from trauma or natural death, but may carry higher risks of HIV and hepatitis transmission. Optimizing their use could help address the organ shortage, but caution is needed due to small potential risks.
A novel computational method reveals that EBV protein EBNA2 activates human genes associated with increased risk for autoimmunity, including systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. Researchers propose potential therapies to interrupt this process.
Scientists at the University of Waterloo have developed a vaginal implant that decreases the number of cells targeted by the HIV virus, taking advantage of natural immunity. The implant, containing hydroxychloroquine, was tested in an animal model and showed significant reduction in T cell activation.
Two genetically modified broadly neutralizing antibodies protected rhesus macaques from an HIV-like virus, SHIV, with long-term protection of up to 37 weeks. The study demonstrated that genetic mutations increased durability and led to extended protection.
Researchers at Stockholm University have discovered a moss that can rapidly remove arsenic from contaminated water, making it safe for human consumption. The aquatic moss Warnstofia fluitans can absorb up to 80% of arsenic in just one hour.
A new study by The George Institute for Global Health found that women in the US are less likely to receive high-intensity statins after a heart attack, despite guidelines recommending them. The study of over 88,000 adults suggests that adherence to these guidelines may be needed to prevent deaths from heart disease and stroke.
The new guidelines would classify an extra 31 million Americans as having hypertension, but experts say this could lead to increased anxiety and depression, as well as serious treatment side effects. Doctors should only treat patients with high cardiovascular disease risk using reliable calculators.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine analysis shows that trauma patients are four times more likely to die from gunshot wounds and nearly nine times more likely to die from stab wounds before getting to a trauma center. The increased prehospital mortality suggests that violence is intensifying.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have identified a brain pathway that, when stimulated, leads to 'antidepressive' behavior in animals. The study suggests that targeting this circuit could lead to a novel treatment for depression.
Michigan State University research reveals that millennials are driving a shift towards customized, experiential supply chains where customers have more control over the product. This change requires companies to deliver tailored offerings and prioritize greater visibility and social responsibility.
In a breakthrough study, NIH scientists identified distinct immune cell subsets that work together to repair the damaged meninges and blood vessels in mice. The research provides new insights into the recovery process after concussion and may lead to the development of targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes.
KTU has won EUR 2.4 million Horizon 2020 funding to attract top academics, boosting innovation economy and strengthening its competitiveness in the European Research Area. The project focuses on Industry 4.0's impact on management practices and economics.
Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of developing heart failure in African Americans, with hospitalizations for heart failure nearly three times more likely among current smokers. The study found that smoking a pack or more per day for 15 years was associated with twice the risk of heart failure compared to non-smokers.
Researchers discover urethane, a compound formed during beer and wine fermentation, is more effective at combating seizures caused by organophosphate nerve agents than the current recommended treatment. The study suggests urethane or its derivative may prevent seizures from developing into epilepsy.
A new study reveals that the origins of dinosaurs were triggered by a crisis mass extinction event 232 million years ago. The Carnian Pluvial Episode led to repeated extinctions and a surge in global warming, acid rain, and climate perturbations.
Researchers found that combining two approaches to reduce amyloid-beta improved spatial navigation and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests similar combination treatments may help patients with Alzheimer's disease in the future.
Researchers at Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown uncover exquisitely organized map of visual space in feedback connections, providing insights into visual perception. The study reveals that these connections encode information from further locations in visual space, giving lower structures contextual 'whole picture' information.
A new study found that higher levels of education during childhood significantly decrease the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in older African Americans. This association is particularly strong for those who grew up in low-income rural areas.
Engineers at UC Berkeley developed a thin-film system that can convert low-quality waste heat into electricity, achieving unprecedented energy density and power density. The technology has potential applications in various industries, including electronics and manufacturing.
A randomized clinical trial found that smartphone app use improved self-reported medication adherence, but not systolic blood pressure, among participants with poorly controlled high blood pressure. The study used the Medisafe app and lasted 12 weeks.
Researchers isolated striosome neuron activity using optical neural imaging technology to shed light on their role in reinforcement learning. The study found that striosomal neurons fire more actively in response to odor cues associated with water rewards, indicating they are involved in anticipating the outcome of a stimulus.
A new method developed by researchers at USC Viterbi School of Engineering uses machine learning to measure key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and arterial stiffness using just a smartphone. The method was validated with existing tonometry data and showed high correlation with actual tonometry measurements.
Emory University's Yerkes National Primate Research Center has received a five-year, $12.7 million NIMH grant to continue research on oxytocin, a brain chemical involved in social bonding. The goal is to understand its role in neural communication and social functioning.
Researchers found that pure conifer stands, particularly pine-dominated areas, were more susceptible to southern pine beetle infestations. The study's findings have important implications for forest management, suggesting that preventative treatments like thinning can be effective in newly-occupied northern ranges.
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has developed an artificial intelligence technique that produces a visible face image from thermal images captured in low-light conditions. The technology leverages advanced domain adaptation techniques to enhance discriminability and recognition accuracy.
A recent study found that stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can improve overall survival and reduce cognitive side-effects in patients with brain metastases from small-cell lung cancer. The study compared outcomes of 5,752 patients who received whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) to those of 200 patients who received SRS.
A USC study found that individuals with a college education have a lower risk of developing dementia and living with it for longer periods. The research suggests that targeting chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes may delay dementia onset but ultimately increase the number of people living with dementia at older ages.
Researchers found that species' phenology shifted four days earlier per decade after 1981, with increased synchrony between species pairs from 0.97 to 6.1 days per decade. However, the magnitude of shifts and correlations with temperature changes remain uncertain due to short time series and variations among species.
The Critical Path Institute has received a $10 million grant from the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust to identify unmet needs for biomarker development in Crohn's disease. The pre-consortium will focus on laying the groundwork for future regulatory endorsement and accelerate the development of new treatments.
A study identifies genetic variants related to consonant processing, dyslexia, and reading performance. Variations in the READ1 sequence are tied to modern human-specific changes acquired between 4 million and 550,000 years ago.
Researchers detect Bloch-Siegert shift in strongly coupled light and matter, a phenomenon previously speculated but never observed. The discovery could lead to a greater understanding of theoretical predictions in quantum phase transitions and the development of robust quantum bits for advanced computing.
Plants may have exerted greater influence on terrestrial ecosystems than megaherbivores that once roamed landscapes. Shrubs consistently predicted ecosystem change, with increasing shrub biomass reducing nitrogen availability and promoting tree growth.
A new BJS study found axillary ultrasound imaging to be less sensitive for detecting axillary metastatic lymph nodes in women with invasive lobular carcinoma compared to invasive ductal carcinoma. Women with invasive lobular carcinoma may benefit from axillary biopsies regardless of ultrasonographic appearance.
A team of UCSB physicists has created a device named DARKNESS, the first 10,000-pixel integral field spectrograph designed to overcome the limitations of traditional semiconductor detectors. This instrument enables direct imaging of planets around nearby stars and can detect fainter planets with higher contrast ratios.
A new study finds nearly one in four blood bank supplies contain malaria parasites, putting children and pregnant women at risk. The lack of sensitive diagnostic technology exacerbates the issue, highlighting the need for better vigilance and screening practices to keep blood banks safe.
Aalto University researchers have successfully created a new Bose-Einstein condensate that doesn't require cooling to near absolute zero. The condensate is made up of light and electrons in motion in gold nanorods, allowing for faster information processing and potentially enabling the creation of extremely small and fast light sources.
Researchers at UCLA have discovered Majorana particles, which are critical building blocks for quantum computers due to their resistance to external interference. The discovery could lead to the development of robust topological quantum computing and potentially improve situational awareness for the US Army.
A large cohort study found that nearly all mental health diagnoses were more common for transgender and gender-nonconforming youth than for cisgender youth, with depression and ADHD prevalence rates 4-7 times higher. The study aimed to raise awareness about the pressure young people may feel due to gender dysphoria and prejudice.
Researchers have determined the high-resolution structure of R2TP, a complex involved in key processes for cell survival. The study reveals that R2TP forms complexes with mTOR and other related kinases by interacting with HSP90.
Policies such as ecological restoration and improved crop residue management have contributed to increased carbon sequestration in China. China's distribution and magnitude of carbon pools vary in response to climate change and human activities.
The transfer of stroke patients out of smaller community hospitals has increased significantly since 2006, with national rates doubling between 2006 and 2014. This trend highlights the need for better coordination between hospitals to determine which patients require transfer to specialized centers.
Research reveals job seekers focus on forming new ties for career advancement, rather than relying on former colleagues. Meanwhile, those considering quitting still value maintaining relationships with friends at work due to concerns about losing social connections upon leaving.
A study found that individuals with higher cognitive flexibility were more likely to support EU membership, immigration, and free movement of labour. In contrast, those with lower cognitive flexibility displayed more conservative and nationalistic attitudes, predicting support for Brexit.
A new study by Wolfgang Lutz and Endale Kebede found that higher levels of education are associated with longer life expectancy, even after adjusting for income. This challenges the traditional view that rising income is the key to a healthier and longer life.
Researchers discovered that larger, more visible SOD1 protein aggregates are protective rather than harmful to neurons. The study suggests that these fibrils could be a solution to reduce toxicity in SOD1-ALS, and finding drugs to promote their formation may help mitigate the disease.
Researchers at UofT discovered that relative and absolute time estimates contradict each other when considering unknown future events. Abstract vs concrete thinking influences which direction these estimates flow, with abstract thinkers feeling a sooner event, but longer time estimate.
A new mechanism regulating axon pathfinding has been identified in zebrafish embryos, suggesting that neuronal activity can influence brain connectivity. The research found that optogenetic stimulation of an inhibited N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor was necessary for axons to properly cross the midline.
Researchers have identified three aldehydes in the skin of infected children that attract mosquitoes, which could lead to better malaria detection and control. The study's findings provide insight into the parasite's infection route and offer opportunities for developing new biomarkers and insect traps.
A preclinical study by MD Anderson Cancer Center researchers found that precancerous colon polyps in patients with Lynch syndrome display immune system activation, challenging traditional models of cancer immune activation. The study suggests immunotherapy may be useful for colorectal cancer prevention in certain high-risk groups.
Artificial antimicrobial peptides, developed by researchers using a computer algorithm, have shown promise in combating drug-resistant bacteria. The most promising candidate, guavanin 2, has been found to be more potent than naturally occurring peptides and effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
Researchers from SU2C and Cancer Research Institute found that administering immunotherapy before surgery activates T-cells to hunt and destroy distant cancerous cells, preventing relapse. The approach showed encouraging outcomes in 45% of patients, with few evidence of cancer remaining upon follow-up.
Researchers at KAIST have developed a technology to increase the stability of amine-containing adsorbents by fifty times. This advancement brings solid carbon dioxide adsorbents closer to commercialization and paves the way for efficient capture of greenhouse gases.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have discovered that a layer of vertical graphene flakes can form a protective surface that kills bacteria, preventing infections and eliminating the need for antibiotic treatment. The graphene flakes are sharp enough to slice apart bacteria without harming human cells.
Scientists developed a high-speed microscopy platform that can measure tumor sensitivity to drugs in hours, rather than days, and has shown promising results in treating melanoma
The American Association of Anatomists has awarded its Young Investigator Awards to Bhart-Anjan Bhullar, Elçin Ünal, Maksim Plikus, and Helen Bateup for their groundbreaking contributions to cell biology, neuroanatomy, and developmental biology. These young scientists have made significant advancements in understanding the structural f...
Researchers found an association between certain risk-related terms on Google Trends and subsequent syphilis trends reported to the CDC. The Twitter-based model predicted state-level trends in syphilis with 90% accuracy, allowing for early warning systems to be developed.
Research published in the journal Heart found that eating several servings of nuts per week may lower the risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure. The study, which tracked over 61,000 Swedish adults for 17 years, found a strong association between nut consumption and reduced risk of these cardiovascular conditions.
Researchers found a significant link between pancreatitis in minority populations and severe levels of triglycerides, as well as gallstones and excessive alcohol intake. The study's findings may help physicians assess the risk of pancreatitis and develop early detection strategies.
A large Danish study found that individuals with clinically-diagnosed diabetes were identified 2.2 years later than those in the screening group, resulting in lower healthcare costs. The study suggests that early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes could lead to significant cost savings.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have created a water-based zinc battery with high energy density, rechargeability, and intrinsic safety. The new technology combines old battery chemistry with a novel aqueous electrolyte, overcoming limitations of conventional lithium-ion batteries.