A new study by Johns Hopkins University found that children attending school with peers from violent neighborhoods score as much as 10% lower on standardized math and reading tests. Exposure to neighborhood violence has a significant impact on an entire school's functioning, affecting not only students but also their classmates.
Syphilis researchers have identified exterior proteins on the bacteria that could serve as vaccine targets, marking a breakthrough in the development of a potential vaccine. The discovery was made by UConn Health researchers using computer modeling and testing techniques.
A new study finds that blues and whites are worst for wildlife, while yellow, amber, and green are more benign. The research provides a method for developers and policymakers to choose wildlife-friendly lighting colors.
A new study from Uppsala University reveals that a wide range of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in immune complexes from the joints can cause local inflammation and drive joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. This finding supports the suspicion that ACPAs are pathogenic by forming immune complexes in the joints.
A study published in Radiology found that people who smoke or have diabetes are at increased risk of calcifications in the hippocampus, a region crucial for memory. The study suggests a link between smoking and diabetes and an increased risk of brain calcifications.
The HOMEChem field experiment is analyzing chemical interactions in indoor environments, exploring sources of oxidants, organic compounds, and reactive nitrogen species. The month-long project uses advanced instruments to detect chemicals in real-time, providing insights into the complex chemistry of indoor environments.
Researchers have identified pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death associated with inflammation, as a key mechanism in multiple sclerosis. The discovery of the process and its link to brain cells has led to the development of a potential new treatment using an anti-inflammatory drug.
A recent study by Prof. Xuejie Gao and colleagues found that China's population will experience a six-fold increase in very hot days by the end of the 21st century, affecting over 0.2 billion people with no exposure to cooling. The region from Yangtze River valley to North China will see the largest increase in thermal stress.
A new study found psychedelics, such as DOI, DMT, and LSD, increase dendritic spines and synapses in neurons, promoting neural plasticity. This effect is similar across species, including humans, and may lead to the development of depression treatments.
The PCORI-AHA DECIDE Center will develop and test decision aids to help people with atrial fibrillation make choices with their doctors. The center aims to strengthen the relationship between clinician and patient and empower patients to make informed treatment decisions.
A study by University of California - Davis researchers finds that psychedelic drugs increase dendritic branches and spines, promoting neural plasticity. This structural change mirrors the effects of ketamine, a treatment-resistant antidepressant.
Researchers have identified a europium-containing enzyme in Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV, which is essential for the bacterium's growth and catalyzes methanol conversion. The study reveals that the type of rare earth element bound affects enzyme activity.
Researchers at CeMM Research Center discovered a protective mechanism against atherosclerosis when targeting the molecule BAFF. The study found that blocking BAFF receptors actually increased plaque size, revealing an unexpected role for BAFF in reducing atherosclerosis risk.
Childhood vaccination exemptions are increasing in parts of the US, with higher rates linked to lower MMR vaccination coverage. The authors highlight a need for stricter legislative action to protect children from highly infectious diseases.
Researchers from Newcastle University discovered that human embryonic stem cells travel back and forth in a line, revealing subtle patterns to their movement. This finding has important implications for the development of computer models to predict and control stem cell evolution.
A study found that over 200 commonly used prescription drugs have depression or suicide listed as potential side effects, with concurrent use increasing the risk of depressive symptoms. The researchers suggest updating drug safety software and evaluating medication use in depression screening tools to minimize the impact of depression.
The NIH HEAL Initiative aims to advance addiction and pain research in the US to improve opioid treatment and pain management. The program focuses on interdisciplinary approaches to address long-term addiction.
Tropical Cyclone Aletta has degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area, with maximum sustained winds near 35 mph. The post-tropical cyclone is forecast to dissipate by the end of the week, moving toward the west at 7 mph.
A new study finds that video consultations between primary care physicians and specialists improve liver disease care and increase patient survival rates. Patients who participated in these consultations had a 54% higher survival rate compared to those without access to virtual consultations.
Renkun Chen is developing a non-contact infrared camera to rapidly measure thermophysical properties of CSP plant materials at high temperatures. The tool aims to provide inexpensive and convenient evaluation of CSP performance, enabling continuous monitoring over decades.
Researchers discovered that pilot whales and Risso's dolphins can recognize the alarming calls of killer whales, leading to evasive actions such as fleeing. The team found unique features in the distressing calls that are not present in other whale species or human screams, suggesting a warning system for potential victims.
Scientists have recorded Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a lethal fungus, for the first time in caecilians and amphibians in the Western Ghats. The fungus, Bd, causes chytridiomycosis and poses a significant threat to these species.
A study found that exposure to neonicotinoid insecticide and a poor diet negatively impacted bumblebee queens' health, work, and nest establishment. Bumblebees are key pollinators of crops like tomato and blueberry.
A study found that drinking honey or Carafate can provide a physical barrier and neutralize tissue pH increase, reducing injury severity compared to common household liquids. Honey may be a protective intervention for managing button battery ingestion in both households and hospitals.
Researchers investigated how boron evaporates in seawater to produce higher-quality drinking and irrigation water. They found that both multi-stage flash and air-gap membrane distillation technologies were effective in reducing boron concentrations below the Saudi standard of 0.5mg/l.
The NIH HEAL Initiative is a trans-NIH effort to address the opioid crisis through science. The initiative focuses on two primary areas: improving treatments for opioid misuse and addiction, and enhancing strategies for pain management.
A recent study found that up to seven percent of patients develop a persistent habit after being prescribed opioids following surgery. To address this issue, experts recommend enhanced care coordination between surgeons and primary care physicians to identify patients at risk of developing opioid addiction.
The CREDO Detector app allows users to contribute to the largest particle detector in history, exploring fundamental physics questions like dark matter and spacetime nature. By registering and initiating particle detection, users can gain co-authorship and membership in the international collaboration.
A new report synthesizes findings from over 300 research studies to emphasize the importance of teaching phonics in establishing fundamental reading skills in early childhood. The review provides concrete recommendations for drawing on this evidence base in the classroom to support more children becoming confident, skilled readers.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have devised an improved method for isolating and identifying tiny fragments of RNA in human blood products, establishing extracellular RNA as a potentially reliable class of biomarkers. The new approach has been successfully tested on 312 blood samples from healthy subjects, confirming the stabili...
KAUST researchers create a distributed architecture allowing drones to coordinate based on local information and peer-to-peer communications. The algorithm enables rapid reaction times without excessive computation, making it effective in real-time applications.
The New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Injury Research has awarded four grants to Kessler Foundation scientists to study learning deficits, cognitive assessments, neuropathic pain, and brain activity during exoskeleton-assisted walking. These $1.5 million grants aim to improve rehabilitative care for individuals with spinal cord injury.
A study by McGill University Health Centre found that two-thirds of teenagers and young adults with type 1 diabetes experience stigma, which can lead to neglecting treatment and severe hypoglycemia. The study also highlights the need for social support and resiliency programs to help individuals manage their condition.
Late-stage assembly intermediates of the human small ribosomal subunit have been structurally characterized, revealing detailed insights into their maturation principles. The findings suggest that the assembly sequence is controlled by biogenesis factors and involves several defined steps.
A population-based survey study found that nearly 37% of adults used prescription medications associated with depression as a potential side effect. The study also revealed that patients taking multiple such medications were more likely to experience depressive symptoms.
Scientists at the University of Sheffield have discovered an enzyme called UCHL3 that regulates DNA repair and may hold promise in improving treatment for chemotherapy-resistant cancers. The findings also suggest a link between UCHL3 activity and brain ageing, which could impact memory, cognitive function, and learning.
A new study found that after the Affordable Care Act's expansion, Medicaid and uninsured patients had improved access to health services outside of emergency departments, leading to a decline in frequent ED use. Frequent ED users were responsible for 30.7% of visits before the legislation and 31.6% after coverage was expanded.
Cardiovascular expert Robert Myerburg argues that routine electrocardiogram (ECG) screening for asymptomatic adults may not be effective in improving health outcomes due to high false positive rates. For higher-risk patients, he advocates for focusing on treatable risk factors and individualized risk assessment.
A new study finds that a fruit and vegetable prescription program can significantly increase shopping at farmers' markets among caregivers of children living in poverty. The program, implemented in Flint, aims to address food insecurity by providing access to fresh produce.
A £374,000 UK Government grant will support Ethiopian communities in developing sustainable natural resource management systems, resulting in reduced deforestation rates. The project aims to market valuable forest products, such as cardamom and wild chillies, to improve villagers' livelihoods.
The study finds that both state and non-state actors face similar decisions when it comes to claiming credit for cyberattacks, but their strategies diverge due to different optics. The researchers highlight the importance of understanding how attackers' motives and identity can be revealed through credit claims.
The USPSTF recommends against adding ECG screening to standard risk assessment to prevent CVD events in asymptomatic adults at low risk. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death among adults in the United States, but ECG screening has not been proven to reduce CVD events.
Researchers identified Klf9 as a key factor mediating the detrimental effects of chronic stress on neuronal connectivity and fear responses. Silencing Klf9 expression protected mice from stress-induced changes in dendritic spines and behavior.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals how gene defects lead to congenital heart defects. The researchers found that the absence of the CHD4 protein allows for the production of abnormal, 'hybrid' muscle cells that cannot pump blood efficiently.
A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals between organic molecules and their silicon analogues. This discovery suggests that core electrons play a more significant role than previously thought, particularly in unsaturated compounds.
A new study by New York University's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development finds that multilingual students have made remarkable progress in reading and math scores since 2003. The research debunks the common myth that these students have made little academic progress in recent years.
Lutathera therapy has been shown to provide significantly longer time to deterioration of quality of life compared to hormone therapy alone, with median times of 28.8 months vs 6.1 months for global health status and 25.2 months vs 11.5 months for physical functioning.
A new study by UTSA researchers describes a quick and accurate method for detecting infections using an electrochemical approach. The method, which uses a testing strip, can determine the severity of an infection in a person and is faster than current methods.
A new report calls for better evaluation of side effects from modern blood cancer treatments, which have dramatically improved survival rates. The Commission proposes new approaches to reporting adverse events, including capturing chronic and cumulative effects.
A new study from UCSF found that overweight and obese young adults are more likely to engage in disordered eating behaviors, such as bingeing and purging. The study also found associations between disordered eating and race and sexual orientation, with Asian/Pacific Islanders and homosexual individuals at increased risk.
University of Alberta biologists developed a new imaging technology to study plant diversity and evolutionary history using light spectroscopy. The method allows for quick assessment of biodiversity changes over large landscapes, providing a practical tool for addressing ecosystem function and climate change.
Researchers at Aalto University discovered that regulating lignin particle surface charge enables enzymes to adhere and multiply in efficiency. The breakthrough paves the way for using lignin as a sustainable material in industries.
A team from MIT's CSAIL has developed a system that uses artificial intelligence to analyze radio signals bouncing off people's bodies, allowing for dynamic stick figures to be created of their postures and movements. This technology could monitor diseases like Parkinson's and MS, as well as provide security for elderly people.
Researchers found that patients who couldn't resume work after a heart attack experienced lower quality of life, increased depression, and financial difficulties. The study suggests targeting patients at high risk of not returning to work for targeted interventions.
Researchers have developed a novel host material, nickel ferrite, to increase the volumetric capacity of lithium-sulfur batteries. The S/NiFe2O4 composite delivers an initial discharge capacity of 963.6 mAh/g and good cycle stability, outperforming sulfur-based composites with carbon hosts.
Researchers propose a new approach to studying chemobrain, focusing on brain systems and cellular level causes. They aim to develop better diagnostic tools and strategies for patients to mitigate or prevent long-term cognitive difficulties.
A new study published in Psychoneuroendocrinology found that veterans with PTSD who use service dogs exhibit higher cortisol awakening response and area under the curve compared to those on the waitlist. This suggests potential physiological benefits from having a service dog, including reduced stress levels and improved sleep quality.
Researchers found that a specific composition of human oligosaccharides in breast milk was associated with lower rates of food sensitization in one-year-old infants. The study's findings highlight the potential health benefits of human milk oligosaccharides and underscore their role in preventing future allergic disease.
Researchers found an increase in high waves and winds in the Arctic Ocean due to melting sea ice. This increase poses a significant threat to safe navigation and coastal populations.
Highly empathic individuals process familiar music with greater involvement of the brain's reward system and areas responsible for processing social information. They also experience increased pleasure and activation of the social circuitry, indicating that music functions as a proxy for human interaction.