A study published in PNAS found that powerful volcanoes depleted oceans of oxygen millions of years ago, driving mass extinctions. The researchers reconstructed Early Jurassic ocean oxygen levels and linked the event to massive volcanic activity and carbon dioxide increases.
A large-scale study reveals an abundant and widely distributed suite of non-photosynthetic bacterial populations responsible for fixing nitrogen in the surface ocean. The research, published in Nature Microbiology, provides the first genomic evidence of non-photosynthetic bacteria with nitrogen fixation capabilities.
Researchers identified 63 new genetic markers associated with prostate cancer risk in a global DNA analysis of over 140,000 men. The findings suggest that one percent of at-risk men are six times more likely to develop prostate cancer, highlighting the potential for genetic screening and prevention strategies.
Scientists have discovered a new compound that reactivates the BAI1 gene, blocking medulloblastoma growth in mice. The compound, KCC-07, targets a protein called Mbd2, which is involved in silencing genes.
A comprehensive survey of mammalian microbiomes found humans to have a significantly lower diversity of skin microorganisms compared to other mammals. This difference may be attributed to modern hygiene practices, habitat, and co-evolution between host and skin microbial communities.
A human neuroimaging study found that the brain creates perceptual illusions when speech is degraded due to prior expectations. The study suggests that predictive coding plays a crucial role in speech perception, with reduced activity in the left superior temporal sulcus associated with misperception.
A new diagnostic test that uses a simple nasal brush to identify mild to moderate asthma has been developed by Mount Sinai researchers. The test, which uses machine learning algorithms and RNA sequencing, can differentiate asthma from other respiratory conditions and is less expensive than traditional pulmonary function testing.
NASA observed hurricane Aletta's intense rainfall rates and powerful storms before it weakened due to adverse conditions. The storm produced heavy precipitation, with radar data indicating a rate of over 142 mm per hour.
Researchers have discovered a novel treatment that reduces the deadly immune response triggered by trauma, which can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis. The drug, deformylase, neutralizes N-formyl peptides released from damaged mitochondria, improving survival rates in animal models.
A new DNA test has identified 63 genetic variations that increase the risk of prostate cancer, with men inheriting these variants having a 5.7 times higher risk. The test combines multiple genetic variants to predict individual risk, offering hope for early detection and prevention.
A new study found that mango consumption lowered systolic blood pressure and reduced breath methane levels in healthy postmenopausal women. The researchers believe the polyphenols in mangos may be responsible for these favorable effects.
A recent study published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology found that patients' self-reports of personality disorder traits are more accurate than previously believed. The research suggests that clinicians' diagnoses may be less reliable than thought, and that using similar evaluation tools can bridge the gap between...
A new study found that CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can activate the p53 protein, which reduces the efficiency of gene editing but also contributes to cancer cell growth. Researchers recommend further studies to improve safety for CRISPR-based therapies.
Research reveals that lytic bacteriophages contribute to PD by reducing neurotransmitter-producing bacteria, and may be a diagnostic and treatment target.
Researchers found that exposure to moderate to extreme temperatures may have played a role in over half a million workplace injuries in Spain, resulting in annual economic losses of €360 million.
In patients with congenital heart disease, atrial arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation occur at younger ages due to degenerative and progressive changes. Advanced imaging and individualized therapeutic plans using pharmacologic therapy, catheter-based ablation, and surgical therapies can help manage these conditions.
A clinical study confirms the safety and tolerability of using bacteriophages to eliminate disease-causing bacteria in the gut, promoting beneficial bacteria growth. The treatment shows no apparent side effects and improves inflammatory markers and gut bacterial diversity.
A hospital outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) revealed that resistance genes were being shared among unrelated bacteria via plasmids and other mobile genetic elements. This finding highlights the need to expand infection control efforts to include multiple strains and species to halt outbreaks.
Researchers have discovered that exposure to cattle and rice farming are risk factors for the devastating disease leptospirosis in northern Tanzania. Cattle and work in rice fields are associated with acute leptospirosis, suggesting that controlling Leptospira infection in livestock could play a role in preventing human infection.
Permanent His-bundle pacing bypasses iatrogenic left bundle-branch block caused by conventional RV pacing, maintaining or restoring ventricular synchrony. This technique is beneficial for patients with bradycardia or conduction system abnormalities.
Research suggests that incorporating certain foods into the diet may help reduce the risk of various health problems. Eggs, in particular, have been shown to improve fasting blood sugar levels and insulin resistance, while daily pecans may lower cardiometabolic risk factors. Dairy products, especially low-fat or fermented varieties, ca...
The adult ventricular septum plays a crucial role in both the right and left ventricles' performance. Advanced imaging techniques reveal its mechanical patterns, which may help predict adverse cardiovascular events.
Ebstein anomaly presents a wide spectrum of presentation, with outcomes varying by age at diagnosis. Surgical management is crucial, with poorer outcomes in neonates and excellent outcomes in adults.
A new study reveals that American toddlers aged 19-23 months consume an average of over 7 teaspoons of added sugar per day, with 60% consuming it before their first birthday. This excessive sugar intake is linked to various health risks and may influence food preferences later in life.
The Fontan operation creates nonpulsatile pulmonary flow, leading to unique physiological consequences impacting the cardiovascular system and beyond. Innovative management strategies are needed to maintain quality of life and extend life expectancy in long-term survivors.
With improved surgical and medical management, more children with CHD survive to adulthood, leading to an increasing number of adult heart transplants. Approximately 300,000 adults with CHD have severe cases, making early recognition and referral crucial for successful transplantation.
Researchers develop flexible vaccine platform for single-dose protection against a range of infectious diseases. The technology offers rapid, large-scale production and is suitable for repeated use.
A vegetarian diet has been shown to lower the risk of heart disease, coronary heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. High-quality plant-based foods are also linked to reduced weight gain, lower cholesterol levels, and a lower risk of death.
A 20% increase in US adults' adherence to healthy dietary patterns could save $30-47 billion annually, primarily due to reductions in heart disease and cancer costs. Increasing adherence to the Mediterranean-style diet could lead to annual savings of $21-26 billion.
Researchers from Swansea University found that enriching natural gas with hydrogen is a promising way to reduce UK carbon dioxide emissions. By increasing the hydrogen content to 30%, domestic carbon emissions could be reduced by up to 18% without requiring any changes to appliances.
After pulmonary valve replacement, patients with severe right ventricular volume overload due to pulmonary regurgitation often present with decreased RV function. However, the study found that preoperative LV systolic dysfunction is the only independent predictor of postoperative improvement in LV systolic function.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology identified USP8 as a key enzyme controlling large collagen carrier formation. The enzyme inhibits collagen secretion when active, promoting its transport instead.
At temperatures near absolute zero, systems of atoms violate basic laws of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. A novel non-equilibrium state, coined as dynamical glass phase, is observed where energy is not evenly distributed, leading to a new understanding of complex systems.
D-transposition of the great arteries is a cyanotic congenital heart disease affecting 3-5% of CHDs, with surgical management evolving to anatomic repair. Clinicians must closely monitor patients through adulthood and beyond for long-term outcomes.
Research finds higher Treg lymphocyte levels in uninfected babies born to mothers with HIV, suggesting a protective mechanism against infection. This discovery could pave the way for vaccine or immune-based therapies to prevent HIV transmission from mothers to their babies.
A recent study found that half of ICU patients with severe influenza received false negative rapid influenza antigen test (RIAT) results, delaying antiviral therapy. The researchers suggest that testing lower respiratory tract samples is crucial for diagnosis and treatment in such cases.
Childhood obesity rates continue to rise due to complex dietary and lifestyle patterns. Research presented at Nutrition 2018 found that consuming sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with higher BMI throughout childhood, while promoting healthy drinking habits and eating breakfast can help kids meet dietary recommendations.
Researchers discovered a carbapenem-resistant, hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate with enhanced virulence and colistin heteroresistance from a patient in the US. The bacteria's increased virulence poses a significant threat to healthcare settings.
Research shows that kitchen towels can harbor pathogens, including coliforms, Enterococcus spp., and S. aureus, which can cause food poisoning. Factors such as family composition, dietary habits, and towel usage patterns impact bacterial growth on towels.
A recent study found that supplementing breastfed infants with Bifidobacterium infantis bacteria significantly improves gut microbiome health and prevents immune-related diseases like asthma and allergy. The beneficial effects of the supplement lasted for up to a year in primarily breastfed babies.
The study reveals that flea-borne plague existed for at least 4,000 years, with key virulence factors acquired in the Bronze Age. The researchers hope their findings will help predict future evolution of epidemics and better understand the spread of the deadly bacteria.
A study found that 71.4% of residents in Nguyen Xa village, Vietnam harbored colistin-resistant E. coli bacteria, which showed multidrug resistance to at least one antibiotic drug in three or more classes. The prevalence of household members possessing colistin-resistant E. coli was also high (80.6%).
A pivotal trial of PRO 140, a long-acting HIV therapy, achieved significant viral load reduction when combined with optimized antiretroviral treatment. The study met its primary efficacy endpoint and showed promising results for patients previously treated with HIV-1 infection.
A recent study found that feeling lonely is a stronger predictor of poor outcomes than living alone in patients with cardiovascular disease. The study revealed that loneliness was associated with doubled mortality risk in women and nearly doubled risk in men, as well as increased symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Research suggests breastfeeding has long-term benefits for mothers and babies, including reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Breast milk composition varies depending on a mother's weight, with obese women producing higher levels of fat and inflammatory markers.
The EVIDENT II trial found that using a healthy lifestyle smartphone app improved arterial hardness, indicating delayed ageing and lower risk of atherosclerosis. The app group showed better results in modifying their diet composition, with higher carbohydrate intake and lower fat content.
Scientists synthesize a nanoscale Saturn system consisting of a spherical C60 fullerene as the planet and a flat macrocycle made of six anthracene units as the ring. The structure is confirmed by spectroscopic and X-ray analyses, enabling a new structural motif for researchers.
Tropical Storm Ewiniar made landfall in southeastern China on June 7, according to NASA's Aqua satellite. The storm's extreme cold cloud tops, reaching -63 degrees Fahrenheit, are indicative of its potential for heavy rainfall and severe weather.
Researchers have devised a new method to measure free energy in microscopic systems, enabling the study of living systems and machine operation. The Relaxation Fluctuation Spectroscopy (ReFlucS) technique uses microscopy to track molecular motion, predicting system behavior without tracking individual atoms.
Researchers at Temple University Health System have discovered a way to reverse memory deficits and tau pathology in mice with dementia. By administering a drug that blocks leukotriene formation, they were able to improve spatial learning and working memory in treated animals.
Corals adjust to ocean acidification by altering gene expression through DNA methylation. This adaptation involves increased cell size and calyx development, allowing corals to thrive in changing environments.
A significant positive association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and common allergic conditions, particularly food allergy, was found in a nationally representative sample of US children. Children with ASD were more likely to report having food, respiratory, and skin allergies compared to those without ASD.
A Johns Hopkins study analyzed 250 user reviews and found that high star ratings do not guarantee medical accuracy. Despite disclaimers warning users against relying on the app for medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment effectiveness, many people continued to use it for these purposes.
A research group from the University of Córdoba found that remote control watering systems have been successfully implemented in most water users associations in Spain, but issues with maintenance and adaptation remain. The systems have shown to facilitate life in rural areas, but also revealed problems with their use and effectiveness.
Tropical Storm Maliksi forms in the Philippine Sea with sustained winds of near 40 knots (46 mph), moving north towards Japan. The storm's circulation center is over open waters, extending bands of thunderstorms over northern and central Philippines.
Vanderbilt University has received a five-year, $8.1-million grant from the National Cancer Institute to study small cell lung cancer, a highly aggressive and incurable tumor. The new center will use a multidisciplinary approach combining experimentation, mathematical modeling, and machine learning to develop new treatment avenues.
A new FotoQuest Go app allows citizens to collect pictures and information on land use and land cover in Europe. The app helps monitor changes in the local environment, providing valuable data for researchers. Citizen scientists can earn money by completing quests and contributing to the project's financially supported campaign.
Researchers compared ancient Peruvian trepanation outcomes to those during the American Civil War and found a significant difference in mortality rates. The study suggests ancient Peruvians may have prevented infection through unknown methods, leading to better survival rates over time.
UT Southwestern investigators discovered a missing link in kidney cancer prognosis by analyzing neighboring cells. They found that tumors with an inflamed neighborhood were more likely to be associated with aggressive cancers and worse survival rates. However, these tumors may respond better to immunotherapy treatment.
Researchers found that frequent nerve signals strengthen dendritic spines in adult-born neurons, allowing them to connect with the existing neural network. This process is crucial for learning and memory formation in the hippocampus.