Researchers at Yale University have created a new type of silicon laser that uses sound waves to amplify light, enabling faster and more efficient data processing. The innovative design maximizes light amplification using a special structure developed in the Rakich lab.
Researchers have found that fur seals spend most of their lives in the water and go without REM sleep for days or weeks, suggesting a functional connection between REM sleep and brain cooling. The study provides insight into the mysterious function of REM sleep and its potential role in regulating brain temperature.
NIST has released a new repository of drone forensic images, providing investigators with a valuable tool to track and analyze drones used in smuggling and crimes. The images, created by VTO Labs, contain detailed data on 14 popular drone models, including serial numbers, flight paths, and onboard camera footage.
Researchers found a genetic difference in people with African and European ancestry that affects inflammation response. The study suggests malaria's evolutionary pressure shaped the immune system's adaptation, which may still influence health disparities today.
Kumamoto University researcher Dr. Wataru Teramoto found that people respond to stimuli in a partner's peripersonal space (PPS) as quickly as they would their own, suggesting PPS remapping is a naturally occurring phenomenon.
Researchers identify dominant immune cells contributing to tumor tolerance and find that silencing these cells allows T cell attack on tumors. Jointly inhibiting both cell types substantially inhibits tumor growth in mouse models.
Researchers developed an experimental model of HIV infection in mice that shows HIV causes learning and memory dysfunction, a common problem in half of HIV-infected people. The virus establishes latent and active reservoirs in T cells and macrophages, leading to cognitive impairment.
Researchers have discovered a new fundamental feature of brain oscillations: they actually move rhythmically across the brain, reflecting patterns of neuronal activity that propagate across the cortex. This movement is important for memory and cognition, and may provide a new type of signal for brain-computer interfaces.
A new study by the University of Warwick reveals that news stories about potential threats become more negative and biased when passed from person to person. Even sharing balanced, neutral information fails to calm this hysteria.
A recent study found that infants with diabetes can maintain excellent blood glucose control for up to ten years using sulfonylurea tablets, offering a promising alternative to insulin injections. The treatment has been shown to be safe and effective in children worldwide.
The discovery of ancient organic molecules in Martian sedimentary rocks increases the chances of finding evidence of habitability and potential life on Mars. The findings suggest that NASA's Curiosity rover may have discovered record-breaking amounts of organic carbon, comparable to those found in meteoritic samples.
The Immunoscore test accurately predicts tumor recurrence risk in patients with colon cancer, enabling intensified treatment after surgery. The test identifies two types of immune cells in the tumor and its invasive margin, providing a reliable estimation of disease progression.
Researchers have created coatings using essential oils like Tea Tree Oil, showing good antibacterial properties and potential as a low-cost alternative to synthetic antibiotics. The technology has the added benefit of being environmentally friendly and transparent.
New research finds that minority groups need to be at least 25% of the population to effect change and persuade others to adopt their view. The study's findings challenge previous estimates and provide insight into the tipping point phenomenon.
A simulation test suggests that the halo system may affect driver head position and motion, potentially compromising steering accuracy. Training and ergonomic adjustments may be necessary to mitigate this effect, particularly for less experienced drivers.
A new study found that hurricanes are moving more slowly, spending more time over land, resulting in catastrophic local rainfall and flooding. The slowdown is attributed to climate change, which is amplifying the effects of human activity on hurricane behavior.
A new study by Duke University has found widespread uranium contamination in India's groundwater, with levels exceeding the World Health Organization's safe drinking water standard. The contamination is linked to human activities such as over-pumping of aquifers and nitrate pollution.
Researchers have linked the ecology of adult fish populations inhabiting coral reefs with the dispersal of baby fish between reefs, revealing a complex network called a marine metapopulation. The study found that successful larval dispersal was crucial for replenishing key reefs.
Researchers have found a rare galaxy, NGC 1277, that has remained unchanged since its formation in the early universe. The discovery provides valuable information about galaxy evolution, as it has preserved its original composition and structure over billions of years.
Research from the University of Eastern Finland found a link between higher serum vitamin D levels and lower plasma cholesterol levels in primary school children. Children with sufficient vitamin D levels had lower total and LDL cholesterol levels compared to those with insufficient levels.
Researchers found that a type of immune cell called B cell lymphocytes are responsible for damaging inflammation in the heart after a heart attack. Pirfenidone, an approved lung drug, was shown to effectively reduce this inflammation and protect the heart from further damage.
Research finds that a minority group of 25% can establish a new behavioral norm in the larger group, leading to improved outcomes like reduced energy consumption and less sexual harassment. The study's model also suggests environments can be engineered for pro-social directions, particularly in organizations.
Studies show that mobile health technology can lower cardiovascular disease risk scores and improve individual components of the risk score, such as systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and waist-to-hip ratio. However, more research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness in modifying objective measures of health.
Scientists at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a molecular code that unleashes necroptosis, a violent form of cell death. The discovery opens the door to potential new treatments for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis.
A new study exposes the widespread practice of killing aquatic mammals like dolphins, sea lions, and otters for use as bait in global fisheries. The review highlights that more than 40 species have been utilized as bait since 1970, with over 80% deliberately killed for at least one fishery.
A University of Waterloo study found that coupling bikeshare with public transit can increase light rail transit ridership by optimizing bike availability. The research modelled commuter schedules and bike usage patterns using data from Montreal's bikeshare program.
Meredith McClure's research uses circuit theory and least-cost path models to predict animal movement patterns, finding that circuit theory is more effective for wolverine dispersal while least-cost path models are better for elk migrations. This work informs conservation efforts by providing more accurate wildlife corridor maps.
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior found that a web-based salt education program improved salt-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and behaviors among children ages 7-10 years. The program reduced salt usage by 19% and improved children's ability to change their behaviors.
Researchers probe Periodic Table's limits as new elements are added, challenging traditional understanding of atoms. The search for element 119 continues, with potential implications for the definition and structure of atoms.
Researchers found that prolonged exposure to high altitude and underfeeding leads to an inability to build muscle mass, a phenomenon mainly observed in older adults. The study highlights the importance of maintaining caloric balance at high altitudes, particularly among unaccustomed lowlanders.
Research led by the University of Sydney found that warm water events decrease the ratio of healthy oils to protein in fish and squid, while cold water events increase their nutritional quality. This has implications for marine life, including humans, who consume similar foods.
Removal of tonsils and adenoids in childhood increases long-term risks of respiratory, allergic, and infectious diseases. The study suggests delaying surgery if possible to aid normal immune system development and reduce potential later-life disease risks.
In-school football training has been shown to improve the physical fitness and health of schoolgirls aged 10-12, including those with no prior experience. The study found significant reductions in blood pressure, improvements in muscle strength and balance, and enhanced jumping performance.
New research published in Icarus suggests Mars had a cold and icy ancient climate, with evidence of volcanism interacting with ice sheets. The findings identify three distinct mineral combinations associated with glaciers, providing insight into the planet's past.
A study published in Neuron has found that a neural precursor protein called PRDM16 plays a crucial role in shaping the organization of the cerebral cortex. The researchers discovered that when PRDM16 is active, it helps to regulate the migration of neurons and their ultimate positioning in the cortex.
Tropical Storm Aletta was found to have intense rain bands with rainfall rates over 187 mm, and storm top heights of over 12 km. The Global Precipitation Measurement mission revealed these findings using GPM precipitation measurements.
Researchers developed a new model to control chaos in particle accelerators, enhancing efficiency and reducing initial velocity requirements. The transport barrier mechanism, inspired by tokamaks, shows promising results in simulations.
A team of researchers using the Herschel Space Observatory, APEX antenna, and ALMA interferometer discovered a cluster of galaxies in deep space when the universe was only 1,500 million years old. This finding challenges current theories on galaxy formation and evolution.
The Curiosity rover has discovered a seasonal cycle in Martian methane levels, suggesting it may be trapped in water-based crystals. Additionally, the rover has detected ancient organic matter, including thiophene and methanethiol, which are reminiscent of Earth's organic-rich sedimentary rock.
Using a pioneering method, researchers discovered a massive neutron star with a mass of approximately 2.3 Solar masses. This discovery challenges the previous understanding of neutron star masses and opens new avenues for studying these extreme objects.
A new study using genomic techniques found that algal cells in coral reefs exhibit stronger responses to ocean warming and acidification stress than their coral hosts. The research suggests an early warning system for bleaching events, which could help anticipate and prevent massive damage to coral reef habitats.
Research supports thyroid screenings during early to mid-pregnancy due to increased risk of gestational diabetes and adverse health outcomes. Higher thyroid hormone levels in the first half of pregnancy are tied to development of gestational diabetes, affecting up to 2-10% of pregnancies.
A new technomarker, the Clarke exobelt, could be used to detect intelligent civilizations. The optimal conditions for observing these artificial belts are found for planets in orbit around red dwarf stars.
Researchers at Université libre de Bruxelles estimate nanoconfinement impacts material contacts, interfacial interactions and vdW forces. Thinner films exhibit reduced contacts with silicon wafers due to weaker van der Waals forces.
Research in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology found that individuals show in-group favoritism when it comes to representation on US currency. For example, those from high-status groups prefer to maintain their dominance, while lower-status groups and change-seekers prefer women or diverse alternatives.
New, high-quality ape genome assemblies have been generated without the guidance of the human reference genome, providing a clearer view of genetic differences that arose as humans diverged from other primates. The research team also studied brain organoids to understand how differences in gene expression during brain development might...
A study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found that US pediatric eye injuries decreased by 26.1% from 2006 to 2014. Most of these injuries had a low risk of causing permanent vision loss. In contrast, sports and household-related injuries increased, while motor vehicle crashes, gun-related incidents, and chemical burns declined.
A new study published in Biological Reviews analyzed over 300 statements about pterosaur diets and found that most are based on inferences drawn from modern organisms or fossil environments. This lack of reliable evidence has led to a wide range of proposed diets, with some groups showing strong agreement while others remain uncertain.
An international team has cataloged around 200 solar prominence oscillations detected in the first half of 2014. The analysis revealed that almost half of these events have been of large-amplitude, with speeds between 10 km/s and 100 km/s.
A 25-year-old prison inmate was left with a permanent disability after using synthetic cannabis, despite having no traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The case highlights the potential dangers of synthetic cannabis use and the need for greater awareness among young users.
Researchers suggest smaller, controlled experiments could demonstrate vaccine effectiveness with as few as 200 animals. A larger-scale natural transmission experiment using vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle could provide robust evaluation of the efficacy and mode of action of vaccination.
Researchers have developed a new model that challenges long-held assumptions about magnetic islands in fusion plasas. The study found that turbulence can penetrate into islands and plasma flow across them can be strongly sheared, allowing for sustained plasma confinement despite island growth.
New research reveals that honeybees preferentially select larvae with optimal nutritional status for emergency queen rearing. The study found that worker bees can distinguish between hungry and well-fed larvae, resulting in a higher success rate for queen production when non-deprived larvae are selected.
Researchers at Kazan Federal University are developing new hydrate inhibitors using water-soluble polyurethanes and biodegradable compounds like polyvinyl alcohol and glucose. The goal is to create affordable and effective solutions to prevent gas hydrates from forming, which can cause serious technological disasters.
A new study found that letters of recommendation written for women are more likely to contain words or phrases that raise doubts about job or education qualifications. The researchers defined four categories of doubt-raisers: negativity, faint praise, hedging, and irrelevant information.
A study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases found that rice and cattle farming are associated with acute infection. The research suggests that controlling Leptospira infection in livestock could play a role in preventing human leptospirosis in Africa.
Saarland University researchers developed a light field camera system that captures images from multiple angles, allowing for new shots of movements and post-processing capabilities. The system uses 64 cameras and can shoot up to 40 frames per second, with the ability to selectively replace individual image areas.
The consulting firm is founded by four computer science experts from Saarland University to provide sound advice on data analysis. Data Science Consulting focuses on collecting, cleaning and merging data, as well as removing errors, maintaining data, setting up a scalable architecture and defining critical characteristics for analysis.
New research funded by Cancer Research UK found that people using high nicotine e-liquid puffed less deeply and often than those using low nicotine liquid. The study also showed that high nicotine vapers had lower levels of toxic chemicals in their vapour compared to low nicotine users.
Developing cancer was associated with an increased risk of new type 2 diabetes, even after accounting for precancer risk factors. The risk was highest in the first two years after diagnosis.