A Phase II trial suggests that erdafitinib, an FGFR inhibitor, benefits patients with metastatic urothelial cancer harboring FGFR3 mutations. The therapy achieved a 40% overall response rate, including complete and partial responses, as well as stable disease in nearly half of patients.
A study published by the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care found that taking aspirin before and after CABG surgery significantly reduced mortality risk. Patients who took aspirin had a 4-year mortality rate of 10.7%, compared to 16.2% in non-aspirin patients.
A new study found that hypnosedation is an effective alternative to general anesthesia for various surgeries, including breast cancer treatments, gynecological procedures, and superficial plastic surgeries. The technique reduces adverse effects, accelerates postoperative rehabilitation, and improves patient comfort.
A new journal paper highlights the limitations of economic models in assessing climate change impacts, particularly at moderate to high levels of warming. The authors argue that current models inadequately account for tipping points and uncertainties, leading to large discrepancies between scientific and economic estimates.
A study of 15,450 adult survivors of childhood cancer found that vigorous exercise reduces mortality risk. Regular physical activity is associated with a significant decrease in the risk of death among these patients., who have an elevated risk due to late cancer treatment effects.
Researchers at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine identified six common categories of disgust related to infectious diseases, including infected wounds and poor hygiene. These findings could help target public health messaging and develop new methods to keep environments healthy.
A new Penn study finds that microRNAs in the blood can track responses to total sleep deprivation and predict individual differences in cognitive performance. The study identified 14 miRNAs reliably predicting behavioral attention performance, 7 for cognitive throughput, and 10 for memory performance.
The TAILORx trial found no benefit from chemotherapy for 70% of women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Treatment with hormone therapy alone after surgery was as effective as hormone therapy plus chemotherapy in reducing invasive disease-free survival and overall survival.
A new trial presented at ASCO18 shows that PET scans can improve treatment outcomes for esophageal cancer patients. Patients who responded to induction chemotherapy had a median overall survival of 46 months, while those who did not respond had a 27-month median survival, significantly better than previous studies.
The global burden of cancer has increased significantly over the past decade, with 17.2 million new cases and 8.9 million deaths reported in 2016. Cancer control planning and implementation are crucial to fulfill global commitments for cancer control and noncommunicable diseases.
The study found that matching targeted therapies to tumor-specific gene mutations improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with advanced disease. Receiving matched targeted therapy was also an independent factor for predicting longer overall survival.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have developed a blood test that can detect early-stage lung cancer using genome sequencing. The test, which analyzes free-floating DNA in the blood, has shown promise in detecting lung cancer with a low rate of false positives.
A new fossil study reveals that tiny babies of ancient giant predators were also proficient killers, challenging current understanding of their evolution. The discovery sheds light on the rapid evolution of the first animals over half-a-billion years ago, with implications for Cambrian marine food webs.
The study reveals a universal increase in lifestyle-related cancers between 2006 and 2016, with significant disparities persisting between high- and low-Socio-demographic Index countries. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women, while lung cancer tops the list for men, accounting for nearly 20% of global cancer deaths.
A phase 1 trial of ivosidenib against IDH1+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) achieved an overall response rate of 41.9% and median progression-free survival of 8.2 months. Twenty-four percent of patients reached a complete response.
A Phase I trial shows ivosidenib, a protein inhibitor drug, is safe and effective for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with IDH1 mutations. The study achieved an overall response rate of 41.6% and complete remission rates of 21.6%, with improved survival rates at 18 months compared to historical controls.
Atomically thin nanowires have been found to convert heat to electricity with unprecedented efficiency. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of new thermoelectric generators and exploration of alternative candidate materials for thermoelectrics.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have developed a new method to create materials with remarkable precision and order, resembling dental enamel. This breakthrough could lead to the prevention and treatment of tooth decay and sensitivity, benefiting over 50% of the world's population.
A pilot study found that virtual reality sessions before sedation for IVF treatment reduce women's anxiety. The study also showed a slight improvement in biological pregnancy rates, but not clinical pregnancy rates at 12 weeks, with results comparable to those without VR sessions.
A Penn study highlights the value of collecting patients' sexual orientation and gender identity, but cautions medical providers against drawing conclusions from this data. The research emphasizes the need for comprehensive care and detailed questions about a patient's behaviors when clinically relevant.
Researchers have found a link between bacteria metabolism and cell-to-cell communication, which could lead to the development of new drugs that block toxic molecules or prevent biofilm formation. By disrupting quorum sensing and biofilm forming in bacteria, these drugs may prevent infections such as urinary tract infections.
Kanazawa University researchers discover that interstitial and alveolar macrophages play key role in spreading liver cancer to lungs. The study reveals the production of inflammatory lipid leukotriene B4 promotes tumor growth and invasiveness, sparking hope for novel treatment approaches.
Researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine have found that treatment with cirmtuzumab measurably inhibited the 'stemness' of CLL cells, allowing most patients to forego additional therapy for over eight months. The drug targets ROR1, a molecule exploited by cancer cells to promote tumor growth and spread.
Immunocompromised patients with sepsis are more likely to die if treated in a hospital caring for a relatively small number of these patients. Hospitals that treat large numbers of immunosuppressed patients with sepsis may improve outcomes, study results suggest.
Researchers investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial regenerative ability in newborn mice, identifying fructose-induced glycolysis as a key factor for cardiac muscle cell proliferation. The study provided insights into the loss of regenerative capacity and potential new treatments for heart disease.
The study of SOCS1 and JAK proteins reveals a detailed structure that may guide the development of new cancer drugs. The protein pair is implicated in driving diseases including cancer and inflammatory conditions.
The article discusses the ethical implications of genetic testing and the duty to warn family members of hereditary disease risks. Experts argue that patients have a moral obligation to share their genetic information with relatives, citing the principle of rescue as a framework for decision-making.
A study found that cost was the strongest factor in decreased desire for diagnostic testing, with patients willing to forego tests due to financial burden. Implementing financial considerations to alter testing behavior may be necessary to address this issue and improve healthcare outcomes.
The study reveals that ATP binding induces ClpB ring formation and hydrolysis causes significant structural changes between round, spiral, and twisted-half-spiral conformations. The results clarify individual roles of AAA1 and AAA2 domains in the disaggregation reaction.
Researchers found that irradiating chest lymph nodes in patients with early stage breast cancer improved overall survival by 2.4% compared to treating only the breast/thoracic wall. The study involved 4004 patients and showed no increase in non-breast cancer related mortality or serious complications.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have synthesized a biodegradable alternative to polyolefins using a new catalyst and polyester polymer. This breakthrough could lead to improved physical and chemical properties of the resulting material, making it suitable for various applications.
Researchers have discovered a natural compound that can enhance the elimination of radioactive strontium from the body. The Zn-InsP6 complex has been shown to inhibit the absorption of strontium into the bloodstream and increase its excretion in the feces, potentially reducing radiation doses in humans.
A new Yale study analyzes the changing use of Title IX from 1994 to 2014, revealing that complaints citing discrimination in academics are the most common type filed, while athletics complaints are the least. The study also shows that private schools with high selectivity rates face higher numbers of specific kinds of complaints.
New research shows that using a smartphone app or singing the song 'La Macarena' improves the quality of chest compressions during CPR. The study found that both methods increased the proportion of adequate rate, but not depth, of compressions.
The ASCB has awarded seven 'Science Sandbox' grants to public engagement projects, including programs that promote STEM education and community outreach. These initiatives aim to increase public scientific literacy and engage local communities in the process of science.
According to a new analysis of over 8,000 patients, African-American men with advanced prostate cancer who received docetaxel-based therapies had a lower risk of death than white men. This finding is significant, as it challenges the long-held notion that racial disparities in prostate cancer survival are due to biological differences.
Scientists developed a machine learning approach to predict microbial pathways, allowing for faster design and development of biofuels. The method accurately predicted biofuel production profiles, outperforming traditional kinetic models.
The study analyzed geographic, organizational, and system levels relating to fluoride varnish administration and risk-based oral evaluations. Key findings include the importance of proper training, access to patient data, and leadership engagement in facilitating interprofessional oral health practices.
The employment-to-population ratio for working-age people with disabilities increased from 29.2% in May 2017 to 29.7% in May 2018, up 1.7%. Employment First has been adopted in 49 states and the District of Columbia, with nearly every state acknowledging its goal.
Researchers developed a novel microscopy technique to analyze cellular focal adhesions, providing real-time information on dynamic processes. This breakthrough enables better understanding of cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, which can aid cancer treatment and tissue engineering applications.
A first-in-human phase I clinical trial using neural stem cells to treat chronic spinal cord injuries showed measurable improvement in three of four participants. No serious adverse effects were observed, suggesting the approach can be performed safely.
A new study by UC San Francisco scientists reveals how complex articulatory movements are coordinated in the brain during fluent speech. The research found that brain regions responsible for producing speech are organized according to physical needs of the vocal tract, not just linguistic features like phonemes.
The WHO Independent High-Level Commission on NCDs reports that the Sustainable Development Goal for reducing premature deaths from NCDs by a third by 2030 will not be met at current rates. The commission proposes six recommendations to address this issue, including increased political leadership, prioritization, and improved financing.
A study published in Biological Conservation identified suitable areas for wolf expansion in Sweden, aiming to increase social acceptance and reduce conflicts. The researchers found that expanding the wolf population to southern Sweden and the reindeer husbandry area could decrease densities in high-conflict areas.
Researchers at Ohio State University have made a significant breakthrough in controlling DNA-based robots, reducing response time from several minutes to less than a second. This achievement represents the first direct real-time control of DNA-based molecular machines.
Scientists use mini-airplanes to study particle formation in the atmosphere, which can influence climate change. The measurements reveal different scenarios leading to the formation of new particles in various air layers.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that one in every five deaths among young adults in the United States is related to opioids. The proportion of deaths attributable to opioids increased by nearly 300% between 2001 and 2016, with men representing about 70% of all opioid-related deaths.
Researchers at University of Würzburg develop new technology to redesign enzyme surfaces, increasing efficiency and selectivity in biochemical reactions. The modified enzymes can convert table sugar into a fructose polymer, with potential applications in medicine and the food industry.
A study published in the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care suggests that nail treatments do not impact digital pulse oximetry readings. Experimental results found no significant variation in blood oxygen saturation levels, even under different physiological conditions. The findings contradict widespread concern and...
Researchers from Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center presented data on a prospective clinical trial examining non-small cell lung cancer cells' response to immunotherapy. The study showed promising results with progression-free survival, and early data gathered from more than 20 sites has shown encouraging outcomes.
Researchers have conducted the world's first randomized trial showing that hip arthroscopy is a more effective treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, a common cause of groin pain in young adults and athletes. The study found that patients improved significantly with hip arthroscopy compared to physiotherapy-led programmes.
Researchers used spectral data to measure plant diversity and predict ecosystem function, finding that it was more effective than traditional methods. The study showed that spectral dissimilarity among plant species increased with functional dissimilarity and evolutionary divergence time.
A recent study found the Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from migrating birds in the Mediterranean basin. The discovery suggests that birds may contribute to the spread of the virus to new geographical areas. Continuing surveillance is essential to understand the ecology of the virus and prevent its potential spread.
A new German Research Foundation Priority Program explores how cells utilize phase separation to perform novel functions. The program aims to understand the collective behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins, which have been termed the dark proteome.
Research from the University of Sydney found that walking at a brisk pace can reduce all-cause mortality by up to 24% and cardiovascular disease mortality by 21%, particularly among older adults. The study suggests that increasing walking speed may be a simple way to improve heart health and reduce premature mortality.
A Duke University study finds an iPhone app easy to use, liked by parents, and good at producing reliable scientific data. The app collects videos of young children's reactions while watching movies designed to elicit autism risk behaviors, which are then analyzed for emotional responses.
Researchers found that cardiolipin production in brown fat cells increases calorie-burning and improves insulin sensitivity. Low levels of cardiolipin are linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at the University of East Anglia investigated how human participants recognize and detect six basic emotions in facial expressions when viewed centrally and up to 30 degrees in peripheral vision. They found that fear is well-detected but poorly recognized, while happiness and surprise are both recognized and detected well.
Researchers at MIT have developed an AI-based method to design multilayered nanoparticles with desired properties, potentially speeding up the development of new materials. The technique uses computational neural networks to learn how a nanoparticle's structure affects its behavior, allowing for faster prediction and design.
Researchers have identified a disproportionate number of sialic acid-containing glycans in lancehead viper venom, which may aid in venom solubility and increase toxin half-life. This discovery could lead to the development of more effective antivenom treatments for snake envenoming.