New research suggests that regular exercise has a greater impact on blood vessels in middle-aged men compared to post-menopausal women. Arterial stiffness and blood pressure improved with brisk walking, but were higher in women after exercise.
The European Union's action plan aims to address antimicrobial resistance through strong national controls, further research, and global collaboration. The EU plan also prioritizes interoperability in healthcare, including e-prescriptions and personal health records.
Researchers at Washington State University have developed a new way to estimate the rate of magma recharge beneath the Yellowstone supervolcano. The team used deuterium in hot springs to calculate the amount of heat and water flowing out, revealing that previous studies underestimated these flows by significant amounts. This study has ...
A study by The Dartmouth Institute found that a federal regulation change from 2013-2017 led to gaps in substance abuse data, affecting prevalence estimates of chronic conditions like hepatitis C and depression. This can result in underestimated rates of co-morbidity, particularly among younger populations.
Experts say current marketing of sexbots is misleading due to lack of research on their pros and cons. While they may have therapeutic potential, their impact on society remains unclear.
A new study suggests that the global economy is facing a potential $1-4 trillion loss in fossil fuel assets, regardless of climate policies. The 'carbon bubble' is expected to burst due to declining demand for fossil fuels and technological advancements in low-carbon technologies.
Repeated exposure to large quantities of alcohol in fruit flies reduces the activity of a protein regulating communication between neurons. This study provides new insight into the neurobiology of alcohol tolerance, revealing that ethanol interferes with neurotransmitter release and Unc13 protein function.
A new study suggests that vaccinating asthmatic children against the flu could significantly reduce their risk of needing hospitalization for an asthma attack. The study found that kids with influenza or parainfluenza had a 37-per-cent or more chance of not responding to treatment, compared to 13 per cent for children without a virus.
A new study suggests that no civilization can sustainably survive climate change, with four possible scenarios emerging: die-off, sustainability, collapse without resource change, or collapse with resource change. Researchers used mathematical models to analyze the co-evolution of civilizations and planets.
A new study lengthens intervals between blood draws for stable warfarin patients, reducing frequency and discomfort. Researchers found that more than two-thirds of patients can wait longer than five weeks without needing a blood draw.
A team led by Prof. Stein Aerts uncovers how access to relevant DNA regions is orchestrated in epithelial cells, shedding light on biological mechanisms of gene regulation and potential new avenues for cellular reprogramming. Grainyhead, a pioneer factor, acts as a key that can be used to access specific DNA regions.
Haipeng Liu, assistant professor of chemical engineering at Wayne State University, received a $539,422 NSF CAREER grant to develop molecular adjuvants that can enhance the effectiveness of cancer vaccines and overcome tumor-related immune suppression. His research aims to bridge the gap between synthetic chemistry and immunology.
A study of 22 toddlers found that hippocampal activation was higher when they heard a previously learned song, regardless of playback direction. Correctly remembered locations associated with the song also showed stronger hippocampal responses.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have developed a breakthrough technique to convert human immune cells directly into functional neurons. The transformation occurs through transdifferentiation and achieves high efficiency, generating up to 50,000 neurons from 1 milliliter of blood.
A new study by Lund University suggests that removing exhaust fumes from a smaller European city could prevent 55-93 premature deaths and reduce cases of childhood asthma, bronchitis, and dementia. The study found that even below EU air pollution levels, negative health effects exist.
Researchers from CNRS and INSERM identify 'primitive mast cells' generated in yolk sac during embryonic development. These cells play a crucial role in shaping the body's immune response, contradicting previous theories on mast cell origin.
A new study by Yanwen Wang, Michael Lewis, and David A. Schweidel found that negative political advertising is effective in influencing voter preferences and turnout, particularly when created by candidates or their campaigns. In contrast, positive advertising is less effective, while PAC-sponsored ads are significantly less impactful.
USC researchers have discovered that the precise arrival of progenitor cells determines their form and function in the kidney. The study advances understanding of how to assemble building blocks to fashion kidney tissue, which can lead to breakthroughs in drug development and organ transplantation.
Chemical analysis of rat remains from Polynesian islands shows changes humans made to local ecosystems, including native species extinctions and alterations to food webs. The study advances a new method for detecting human transformations of local ecosystems in the past.
A new study found that Medicaid expansion increased visits, asthma treatment, and hypertension control in rural community health centers, while also reducing uninsurance rates. The study suggests that expanding Medicaid can improve healthcare outcomes in rural areas.
New research led by scientists at the University of Bristol has found that bright warning colors on poison dart frogs not only signal danger but also function as camouflage. The frog's pattern allows it to blend in from a distance while still displaying its warning signal when close, providing a clear advantage.
Physicists at NIST have performed the most accurate test of Einstein's general relativity theory using remote atomic clocks. The experiment confirmed that measurements of nongravitational effects are independent of time and place, with a result consistent with predicted values.
Scientists have discovered how brain regions activate during memory recall in two-year-olds using functional MRI. The hippocampus plays a key role in forming and recalling memories, especially episodic memory, which involves remembering events and contexts.
New research led by the University of Warwick has found that globular clusters may be only around 9 billion years old, revised from their previous age of 13 billion. The discovery brings into question current theories on how galaxies, including the Milky Way, were formed.
Scientists are exploring ways to develop innovative therapies for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by understanding the role of deregulated protein kinases, or MAPKs. Elevated levels of these enzymes in NSCLC tissue have been linked to tumor progression and immune evasion.
Researchers have discovered how polarized cells coordinate heart tube remodelling through tissue-scale polarisation of actomyosin activity. A disrupted PCP signalling pathway alters cytoskeleton structure, leading to impaired heart formation and most congenital heart diseases.
Researchers created a 3D underwater acoustic carpet cloak using transformation acoustics, hiding objects from detection instruments like sonar. The cloaked object mimicked the reflecting surface and was undetectable in every direction.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University have discovered a mechanism that protects glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stem cells from programmed cell death. The study found that protective autophagy is regulated by the gene MDA-9/Syntenin, and inhibiting this process can lead to cancer cell death.
Japanese researcher develops simple method for generating large data required for ensemble modeling, providing high computational stability and versatility in simulating various weather events. The new approach demonstrates effectiveness in initial conditions for typhoon and global warming simulations.
A new rabbit model with clinical similarity to human patients has been developed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) research. The model exhibits signs of muscular dystrophy, including impaired physical activity and muscle loss, making it a promising tool for advancing DMD research and developing novel therapies.
Researchers have identified a critical aspect of healthy cell division and revealed how a vital protein called CENP-A is incorporated into chromosomes. A two-step process was found to be essential for replenishing the protein, involving targeting and transcription-induced remodelling of chromatin.
A great majority of Mozambican adolescent girls (around 80%) are aware that cervical cancer can be prevented and over 90% willing to receive the vaccine. The introduction of HPV vaccination is urgent in sub-Saharan Africa, where cervical cancer is a major cause of mortality among women.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have created a self-sustaining circuit of reactions that produces chemicals more efficiently through a looped set of reactions using enzymes in flow. This method reduces environmental waste, is self-sustaining, and produces higher-quality end products.
A new study suggests that nighttime light exposure during sleep can disrupt metabolic function, leading to increased insulin resistance. The researchers found that just one night of light exposure acutely impacts measures of insulin resistance, which is a diminished ability of cells to respond to insulin.
Transforming daily activities like transportation, heating, and device use can limit global warming to 1.5°C. This can be achieved through innovations in energy efficiency and low-carbon development, enabling the meeting of UN Sustainable Development Goals while remaining within the climate target.
A new study by Drexel University finds that childhood trauma experienced by parents can lead to poorer health and asthma in their own children. The research suggests that each type of ACE (adverse childhood experience) increases the risk of poor health and asthma in children by 19%.
A team of scientists used ALMA to investigate the proportion of massive stars in four distant gas-rich starburst galaxies. The study found that these galaxies have a much higher proportion of massive stars than expected, with some stars having birth masses up to 300 solar masses.
A new cardiac pump device has been found to minimize cost of care over time for heart failure patients, with a 51% reduction in re-hospitalization rates and significant cost savings compared to the standard device.
A Penn State preschool program helps low-income parents prepare their children for school, resulting in better academic performance and social-emotional skills. The program's benefits extend into third grade, with participating children needing fewer additional school services.
Researchers found that neurogranin and FMRP proteins quickly form a complex to enable memory encoding within minutes of encountering a novel context. This process is crucial for understanding how abnormalities in these proteins contribute to human neuropsychiatric disorders.
Transgenic cotton plants expressing the bacterial gene ptxD can convert phosphite into phosphate, outcompeting weeds that lack the gene. This selective fertilization approach facilitates weed control without herbicides.
Researchers developed a new algorithm, GDP-ADMM, to further enhance the capabilities of SHARP in reconstructing high-resolution images from ptychographic datasets. The new framework takes advantage of state-of-the-art mathematical aspects to improve data acquisition and image resolution.
A new study suggests that regular exercise can reduce the influence of genes on obesity for women over age 70. The research found that physical activity weakened the genetic associations with body mass index, providing hope for older adults to overcome their weight destiny through healthy habits.
Scientists at the University of Illinois and USDA's Agricultural Research Service promote cooperative weed management as a highly effective solution to curb herbicide resistance. By working together and sharing best practices, farmers can delay the evolution and spread of resistance, buying time for up to two decades.
A team of physicists has demonstrated a way to confine light in a waveguide array, making it insensitive to defects. This innovation could lead to cheaper and more efficient photonic devices, such as lasers and solar cells, by reducing material imperfections.
A decade-long study has shown that sulphonylurea tablets are a safe and effective treatment option for babies with neonatal diabetes, providing excellent blood sugar control over the long-term. The treatment has been hailed as a 'miracle cure' by patients and their families, offering improved quality of life.
Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife have developed a fertilizer system that applies phosphite to engineered cotton crops, allowing them to utilize the nutrient while suppressing weeds. This technology has shown promise in inhibiting growth of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth and other herbicide-resistant weeds.
Researchers aim to determine if stabilizing estradiol and progesterone can protect females at risk for suicide from increased depression and suicidal thoughts around menses. The study will compare symptoms of suicidality among participants in three experimental conditions: placebo, estradiol stabilization, and progesterone stabilization.
A recent study published in eNeuro resolves a long-standing issue in decision-making by showing how the brain optimizes speed and accuracy. Researchers found that the brain adjusts signal-to-noise ratio to balance speed and accuracy, shedding light on the neural mechanisms underlying this crucial aspect of human behavior.
The NCI-MATCH trial has released new findings on three arms of the trial, showing promise in patients with rare genetic changes. The study's results suggest that future studies could see more responses in populations with earlier-stage disease.
A study found that individuals with greater volume in the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex tend to exhibit improved dietary self-control. This suggests that brain anatomy plays a crucial role in making healthier food choices.
A new study found that sleep-related symptoms like insomnia are associated with decreased work productivity. Those with moderate-severe insomnia experienced a 107% increase in productivity loss compared to those without insomnia.
A new experimental vaccine regimen has been developed using a vulnerable site on HIV to induce antibodies that can neutralize multiple strains of the virus. In tests with mice, guinea pigs, and monkeys, the vaccine elicited antibodies that neutralized up to 31% of viruses from a globally representative panel of 208 HIV strains.
A new Stanford study has re-examined the relationship between seismic data and earthquake prediction, concluding that foreshocks are unlikely to provide accurate warnings of impending earthquakes. Researchers found no evidence supporting the idea that slow slip or cascade models can be used for predictive purposes.
Researchers developed an improved method for calculating risk for heart attack or stroke, finding that 11 million Americans may need to discuss different prescriptions with their doctor. The new calculations suggest major changes to statin, aspirin, and blood pressure medication prescribing, particularly for African Americans.
The CMS collaboration has observed the direct coupling of the Higgs boson to the top quark-antiquark pair, a production mechanism considered impossible by the Standard Model. Sophisticated techniques developed by the University of Zurich's Prof. Florencia Canelli enabled this milestone.
A newly developed algorithm determines ideal caffeine dosage and timing for optimal alertness. The algorithm improves neurobehavioral performance by up to 64% using the same total amount of caffeine, or reduces caffeine consumption by up to 65% while maintaining equivalent improvements in alertness.
A new study found that adults who slept seven hours per night had the lowest excess heart age, while those sleeping less than or more than seven hours were associated with increased risk. The research demonstrates a quantitative method for including sleep duration in cardiovascular risk assessment.
A novel PET imaging method uses antibody fragment probes to target immune cells, detecting inflammation in the bowel and potentially guiding biopsies. The technique has wide applications in various diseases and could unlock assessment of inflammation.
A new meta-analysis finds that following the Portfolio Diet reduces LDL-cholesterol by 17% and lowers cardiovascular disease risk by 13%. The diet emphasizes a portfolio of four proven cholesterol-lowering foods: nuts, plant protein, viscous soluble fiber, and plant sterols.