A rigorous study found that ethanol-lock therapy, widely used to reduce bloodstream infections, was ineffective in preventing new or recurring infections in young cancer patients with central venous catheters. The treatment was associated with increased complications, including catheter blockages and hospitalization.
A study by Eszter Hargittai and Drew Cingel found that parents' rules on technology use can have unintended adverse consequences on their children's academic performance in college. Students whose parents justified restrictions due to homework time actually performed worse, while those with health-related reasons did better.
Researchers at UT Dallas developed a tool to identify inconsistencies in cosmological data, revealing potential errors in current models. The findings suggest that either systematic errors need to be removed or the underlying model is incomplete, leading to questions about Albert Einstein's theory of gravity.
Researchers from Rice University and Duke University developed a new method to accurately estimate the number of identified victims killed in the Syrian civil war. Using 'hashing with statistical estimation,' they produced real-time estimates with a lower margin of error than existing methods.
The James Webb Space Telescope's instruments are shielded from excessive heat using specially designed baffles that reflect infrared radiation outward. The baffles, coated with gold to maximize reflectivity, are reinstalled before the observatory's integration at Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems.
A new material called C18-Mica-4 has been shown to eliminate up to 100% of organic pollutants in water, including industrial and personal care products. The study found significant correlations between pollutant properties and adsorption rates.
A new study by Iowa State University researchers found that a tax on medical devices significantly reduced R&D investment, sales revenue, and earnings. The tax, part of the Affordable Care Act, affected operating and marketing costs as well, but firms diversified their customer base and increased global market sales to offset the impact.
Researchers found that TMS facilitates the reorganization of neuronal connections in the visual cortex, which could be beneficial for therapies. A short visual training after TMS treatment can remodel the maps and incorporate biases in information content.
Research found that major heart attacks were more deadly in the coldest six months of the year compared to the warmer months. The risk of dying within 30 days of a severe heart attack was nearly 50% higher in winter.
New research reveals tens of thousands of sea turtles are caught each year by small-scale fishers off South America's Pacific coast, with over 16,000 killed. The study highlights Ecuador and Peru as key places to tackle this issue, which threatens critically endangered species like leatherbacks and hawksbills.
A study found that increasing omega-3 fatty acids in mothers during pregnancy and lactation reduced weight gain and metabolic disruptions in infant mice fed a high-fat diet. This suggests that a balanced ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fats is critical for reducing the lifetime risk of obesity in children.
A new study from British Antarctic Survey (BAS) provides insights into the secret life of leopard seals, tracking their migration patterns between Antarctica's sea ice and sub-Antarctic islands. The research reveals that these apex predators spend up to one-third of their time out of the water, with behavior changes throughout the year.
Most anesthesiologists (72%) experience emotional and professional effects after medical errors, with common symptoms including guilt, lack of confidence, and anger. Many (60%) seek help from colleagues, but only half feel adequately trained to manage the situation on their own.
Researchers identified four survival strategies in childhood cancer cells: tolerance, coexistence, competition, and chaos. These strategies are associated with varying outcomes, with increased risk of relapse seen in competition and chaos variants.
Researchers developed a mid-infrared biosensor that distinguishes multiple biomolecules in heterogeneous biological samples without labeling. The sensor can resolve protein-lipid interactions and monitor dynamics of vesicular cargo release, inaccessible to standard label-free techniques.
A novel separation technique using density gradient ultracentrifugation is introduced for colloidal nanostructures. The method demonstrates versatility in separating nanoparticles according to their unique properties.
Researchers at MIT have devised a new method for enhancing the interaction between light and matter, which could lead to more efficient solar cells that collect a wider range of light wavelengths. By slowing down light and controlling its frequency, they can also create tunable color LEDs with fully tunable emissions.
Agriculture arose from moments of environmental surplus and improving conditions, where populations lived in greater densities. The study, published in Nature Human Behaviour, reveals common patterns across 12 centers of origin, with maps predicting global population densities dating back thousands of years.
A new scoring criteria, INSPECT, aims to improve identification of high-quality proposed research that promotes the uptake of evidence-based practices in real-world settings. The tool was tested on 30 grant proposals, showing promising results but highlighting the need for education and training in implementation science.
Researchers found that atrophied brain lesions, rather than new or expanding lesions, predict disability progression in multiple sclerosis. The study suggests that the disappearance of brain lesions into cerebrospinal fluid may be a more accurate indicator of disease worsening.
Research reveals that alcohol impairs microglial cells' ability to clear amyloid beta, contributing to Alzheimer's disease development. The study found altered gene expression for 312 genes under alcohol exposure.
A study by NYU's Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research found that high school seniors using heroin also commonly use multiple other drugs, with an average of five others. The researchers discovered a link between frequent heroin use and increased use of opioids and benzodiazepines.
Researchers at NCI developed a high-throughput method to identify mutations recognized by the immune system, leading to a complete response in a breast cancer patient. The treatment used tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that specifically target tumor cell mutations, showing promise for treating common epithelial cancers.
Researchers developed a wireless system to power implants deep within human body, eliminating battery limitations. The technology uses radio waves to supply energy to devices, enabling remote control of medical applications such as drug delivery and sensing.
Scientists from the University of Basel and ETH Zurich have developed an artificial bone marrow niche that mimics natural biological properties, allowing hematopoietic stem cells to multiply for several days. This breakthrough could lead to personalized research models for blood diseases like leukemia and drug screening.
Researchers at CU Boulder propose that 'detached objects' like Sedna may result from the collective gravity of these bodies and space debris in the outer solar system. Computer simulations suggest that these icy objects orbit the sun like the hands of a clock, with smaller objects moving faster than larger ones.
A lake sediment record near the Greenland Ice Sheet margin preserves sediments from past interglacial periods, including the Early Holocene and Last Interglacial Period. July air temperatures during these periods were estimated to be significantly warmer than modern temperatures.
Researchers used population dynamics modeling to assess the effects of size-specific and age-specific harvesting of Atlantic cod on the eastern Scotian Shelf, Canada. Fishing practices were found to drive a significant increase in cod habitat deepening, with depths of up to 120m accounting for nearly 100% of observed changes.
A recent study by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine found that childhood cancer survivors are more likely to experience sleep problems and daytime sleepiness as adults. The study also showed a higher likelihood of persistent or worsening emotional distress among those who reported poor sleep.
A new study found that adolescents who spend more time on screens are more likely to experience insomnia symptoms and shorter sleep duration. Regulating screen time may improve sleep health and reduce depression in young people.
A new study from the University of Surrey has developed AI-powered technology to monitor the wellbeing of people with dementia. This innovative system uses IoT devices installed in homes to detect potential health issues early on, preventing hospital admissions and improving care outcomes.
A randomized clinical trial found that increased supervision by attending physicians did not significantly reduce the rate of medical errors. However, residents reported a decrease in autonomy during rounds. The study suggests that residency training programs should balance patient safety with resident learning and autonomy.
A portable, pressurized chamber called SubCAS has been invented by the California Academy of Sciences and Monterey Bay Aquarium. The device allows scientists to collect and surface rare, deep-sea fish without rupturing their swim bladders.
A major international study has found that 1.5% of infants and 3.1% of children who were hospitalized for ischemic stroke died, with an overall mortality rate of 2.6%. Risk factors for dying included congenital heart disease, severe stroke type, and Hispanic ethnicity.
Researchers have developed a facile wet-chemical method to directly grow organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystals on dispersible MoS2 nanosheets. This enables the scalable production of solution-processible heterostructures, which exhibit improved light absorption and energy transfer due to their epitaxial interface. The use of...
Scientists discovered that altered cohesin SA2 variant influences gene expression and favours loss of differentiation in tumour cells. The two cohesin variants have distinct functions, with SA1 involved in topological domains and SA2 regulating gene expression through local chromatin loops.
Researchers at Penn Medicine found spironolactone as effective as antibiotics in treating women's acne, with similar patient switching rates. The study suggests spironolactone could be a safer and more cost-effective option, reducing antibiotic resistance concerns.
The ancient Rapa Nui people used a parbuckling technique to transport massive stone hats (pukao) onto statues, weighing up to 12 metric tons. The analysis of pukao shapes reveals physical constraints associated with transport, supporting the idea that Rapa Nui people were ingenious in their use of resources.
A new study identifies resource availability, communication, and institutional culture as key factors to improve patient transfers from ICU to hospital wards. The research suggests standardized discharge tools, open communication, and coordinated care procedures can reduce breakdowns and errors.
A study of nearly 10,500 US prostate cancer patients found that more frequent PSA monitoring did not improve long-term survival rates. The research suggests that once-a-year monitoring may be sufficient for most patients.
A 'carbon bubble' is forming as global demand for fossil fuels declines, with major macroeconomic and geopolitical consequences. The study models the impact of declining demand on national economies, predicting that producer countries like the USA and Russia will lose GDP growth, while importing countries like China and the EU will gain.
Researchers found guppies rapidly turn their eyes black to warn rivals, making their eyes more conspicuous as an honest signal of aggression. This behavior is seen in larger guppies dominating smaller ones, but not the other way around.
Researchers at Aalto University have developed an amorphous material exhibiting topological superconductivity, which could lead to the creation of lossless components for quantum computers. This discovery brings the field closer to application and potentially makes fabrication more convenient compared to current methods.
A new study published in JAMA found that increased follow-up testing of colorectal cancer patients does not improve survival rates. The study showed that patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer experienced the same five-year survival rate regardless of whether they received two or five follow-up tests.
Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology have developed a novel method to detect specific metabolites in microalgae cells. By combining fluorogenic aptamers with femtosecond laser photoporation, scientists can identify efficient cells for metabolic engineering applications.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet found that patients diagnosed with high-sensitivity troponin test had a lower risk of future heart attacks, with no difference in mortality one year after the heart attack. The test also led to more coronary angiography and balloon angioplasty procedures.
A study of ancient rat remains from Polynesia finds that isotopic trends reflect resource depression and reshaping of nutrient flows by early human settlers. The declines may be due to changes in food sources, such as a shift from slash-and-burn agriculture to agroforestry and nearshore fishing.
Researchers found that gut microbiota regulates adult enteric nervous system maturation through serotonin networks, potentially impacting gastrointestinal disorders. The study used germ-free mice colonized with normal microbiota to demonstrate this link.
The NOvA collaboration has observed strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously seen. This result comes from the first run with antineutrinos and provides insights into the properties of neutrinos and antineutrinos.
A Phase II study found that over half of women with early-stage BRCA+ breast cancer who took talazoparib once daily prior to surgery had no evidence of disease at the time of surgery. The oral medication showed high response rates and manageable toxicities, offering an alternative to chemotherapy for this patient population.
A study led by Stanford researchers found that over 11 million Americans may be prescribed incorrect statins, aspirin, or blood pressure medications due to outdated data. The updated equations improve the accuracy of cardiovascular disease risk estimates.
The Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley is partnering with Ripple to develop a comprehensive program focused on blockchain, cryptocurrency, and digital payments. The initiative will support academic research, technical development, and innovation in these areas, with a focus on reducing poverty and enhancing the greater good.
A new study has identified a distinct group of men who may be underestimating their HIV risk due to fear of stigma and rejection. These men, including bisexual and non-gay-identified individuals, tend to mix with each other and acquire infection from within their own networks, rather than openly gay men or heterosexual women.
Scientists studied six-spot burnet moths to examine if natural variation in wing markings indicates toxicity levels. Smaller red forewing markings were associated with more cyanide in females but not males. The study suggests evolutionary pressures may be complex and drive colors beyond matching toxicity levels.
Researchers use ultrafast spectroscopy and terahertz pulses to uncover a new state of matter in superconducting alloys, which could enable faster, heat-free quantum computing and information storage.
Scientists from Shinshu University and PSL University have theoretically proved a new mechanism for separating air molecules using nanowindows in graphene. The study shows that the atomic vibration of the nanowindow-rim changes the effective nanowidow size, selectively allowing oxygen from air to pass through, with separation efficienc...
Scientists reconstruct Earth's history with a new method that links astronomical theory to geological observation, enabling the analysis of ancient climate change. The study reveals days on Earth were over 18 hours long 1.4 billion years ago, and the moon's movement away contributed to the lengthening day.
A team of researchers studied the narrow-footed Hygrotus diving beetle native only to central Wyoming, discovering its unique habitat in small streams with high salt concentrations. The study found that maintaining hydrologic integrity of prairie streams is vital for the conservation of this rare species.
A study by the University of Arizona Cancer Center found that women with cervical cancer have different communities of vaginal bacteria than those without. The 'good' bacteria, such as lactobacilli, promote a healthy environment and protect against HPV infection and cancer, while 'bad' bacteria like Sneathia increase cancer risk. Hispa...
New research found that male guppies exposed to predators have heavier brains than their counterparts living in predator-free conditions. This suggests a possible advantage under threat, allowing the fish to detect or react to predators better. In contrast, female guppies did not exhibit this pattern.