A study by Imperial College London found that nursery vaccinations and development checks significantly lower childhood hospital admission rates. The analysis tracked 319,730 children in England from birth to 13 years old, revealing infants who didn't receive vaccinations had a higher risk of emergency admissions.
Researchers at Washington State University have found that heavy cannabis use during pregnancy can affect the cognitive development of offspring. The study used a new model of exposure to recreate human-like cannabis use and found that rats exposed to high amounts of cannabis had trouble adjusting their strategy to get rewards.
New research presents promising results from preclinical studies using gene therapy to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological disorders. Gene therapy has been successfully used to slow disease progression and improve symptoms in mouse models.
A clinical trial found that eating fish twice a week as part of a Mediterranean diet can significantly decrease lung inflammation in children with mild asthma. The study involved 64 children from Greece and showed improved lung function after six months.
The HiLo trial found no significant difference in recurrence rates between patients given a low radiation dose compared to the standard higher dose. This means patients with low-risk thyroid cancer can benefit from fewer side effects, long-term complications, and more convenient treatment options.
A study found that men with prostate cancer value quality of life and will trade off survival odds for fewer side effects, including urinary incontinence and impotence. The research suggests that patients may prefer less invasive treatments like focal therapy or active surveillance to reduce harm.
Research highlights long-lasting effects of early life stress on the genome, gut, and brain, increasing the risk of anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorder. Novel strategies, such as inhibiting stress hormone production or resetting immune cells, may help combat these effects.
Researchers at Griffith University have developed a procedure for making precise measurements of speed, acceleration and material properties possible. Using photons and entanglement, they achieved sensitivity approaching the Heisenberg limit, outperforming previous experiments.
Studies in mice and marmosets reveal mechanisms underlying social learning and behavior, including neural circuits controlling vocalizations and aggression. The findings provide a clearer picture of the brain's social processing, paving the way for potential treatments for disorders such as autism spectrum disorder.
Melanoma death rates are increasing globally in men, while stabilizing or decreasing in some countries for women. The study analyzed data from 33 countries and found that melanoma is a significant health issue, with men being more likely to die from the disease.
The practice of solitary confinement has been shown to alter brain structures and behaviors, increasing the risk of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. As social isolation becomes a growing problem in the US, scientists and experts are exploring ways to mitigate its effects.
Researchers found three genetic variations linked to increased liver fat, which could lead to new treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study, led by Westmead Institute for Medical Research, identified the mechanisms behind hepatic steatosis, a major risk factor for NAFLD.
The Society for Neuroscience is recognizing individuals who have made significant contributions to advancing women in the field of neuroscience. This year's honorees include Elaine Del Bel, PhD, and Herbert Geller, PhD, for their pioneering work on mentoring female neuroscientists and promoting equality among students.
Researchers identified four units with different deposition types, including conglomerates and ridges formed by moving water. The Martian deposits are similar to those found in Earth's Channelized Scablands and suggest large-scale global ice and dramatic outburst floods.
Data from Neuroscience 2018 presents genetic deletion of SARM1 protecting axons and reducing biomarkers of neurodegeneration. SARM1 inhibition provides critical insight into developing disease-modifying therapeutics for patients with axonal degeneration.
Researchers used a compound to highlight fast-growing cancer cells, allowing surgeons to distinguish between high-grade and low-grade glioma cells. This technique improves the accuracy of diagnosing high-grade glioma during surgery, potentially increasing patient survival.
A genetic variation in TMEM106B has been identified as a potential risk factor for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) disease severity and pathology. The study found that this variation may predict increased CTE pathology and brain inflammation, and is associated with a higher risk of developing dementia.
A team of researchers suggests harnessing geothermal energy to power desalination plants, reducing the need for traditional methods and minimizing carbon emissions. The proposed system could provide a sustainable source of drinking water while also generating electricity.
A new study presented at the American Academy of Pediatrics conference found a strong correlation between state-level gun legislation and pediatric firearm mortality rates. States with stricter gun laws had significantly lower firearm-related fatalities among children, even after adjusting for poverty, unemployment, and education rates.
A new study from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that implementing communication-and-resolution programs does not increase liability costs for hospitals. The programs promote transparency and patient safety by openly communicating with patients after medical injuries.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals the nature of immune cells in the human brain, including their location and function. The research provides valuable insights into the immune system's role in brain disorders such as multiple sclerosis and tumors.
A study published by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that over 230,000 children under 5 are treated in hospital emergency departments each year for soft furniture-related injuries. Children under 1 year old were more than twice as likely to be hospitalized and boys accounted for 56% of cases.
Scientists have discovered that organic aerosols in the atmosphere are more varied and complex than previously thought. Analyzing air samples from forests and urban environments, researchers found that up to 70% of compounds changed over consecutive samples, highlighting the need for improved air pollution control policies.
A new study reveals that states expanding Medicaid from 2011 to 2017 experienced a significant 27% increase in prescriptions for hormonal therapy medications compared to non-expansion states. This rise was attributed to increased access for previously uninsured women who required long-term treatment with these life-saving drugs.
Researchers have identified two small-molecule experimental inhibitors that target the influenza protein NS1, which plays a crucial role in blocking the body's immune response. The study's findings provide strong evidence for the mechanism of action of these compounds and offer significant structural insights into NS1.
College students who drink alcohol don't intend to experience blackouts, but often lack understanding of risk factors and prevention strategies. Research suggests that drinking in moderation and pacing drinks can prevent blackouts.
A longitudinal study of voters in New Zealand found that participants tended to shift their opinions to align with those of their preferred political party. Strong supporters of a party were more likely to change their opinions over time, while those whose opinions were already aligned with the party position were less likely to shift.
The dentate gyrus uses a process called pattern separation to store distinct memories of similar events. Researchers found that parvalbumin-expressing interneurons play a key role in this process, using lateral inhibition to keep similar memories apart.
A study found that US children and adolescents' mental health diagnoses have increased by 78.5 emergency department visits per 100,000 children between 2012 and 2016. Non-Latino black children faced the highest rates of mental health-related diagnoses, at nearly double the rate of non-Latino white children.
Research suggests that over 10 million US children live more than 60 miles from the nearest pediatric surgeon, with significant implications for treatment delays and added costs. The study aims to provide a framework for regionalization efforts based on patient location using publicly available data.
A study presents findings on pediatric firearm-related injuries, revealing unintentional injuries were the most common among children presenting to emergency departments. The research suggests that effective strategies should focus on age and intent to prevent firearm-related injury in children.
Financial concerns impact 4% of ICU patients, with changes in discharge plans, treatment plans, and medication regimens linked to economic constraints.
An interactive online LGBT cultural competency training program improved oncologists' knowledge and clinical practices on LGBT patients. The program increased correct answers on LGBT-related knowledge items by 52% and favorable perspectives toward LGBT people by 70%.
Researchers used a new technique to examine the crystal structure of Vanadium Dioxide (VO2) and found that atomic motions during phase transitions are disordered, contradicting previous assumptions. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of complex materials such as high-temperature superconductors.
A Rochester Institute of Technology researcher is collaborating on a multi-university project exploring quantum science in levitated mechanical systems. The project aims to create and sustain a quantum state with levitated optomechanics using advanced sensing designs based on the 'optical tweezers' technique.
The employment-to-population ratio for working-age people with disabilities increased to 31.4 percent in October 2018, up 3 percent from the previous year. The labor force participation rate also rose to 34.2 percent, indicating a positive trend for Americans with disabilities.
A University of Texas at Dallas study found that men, conservatives, and those supporting the death penalty oppose Black Lives Matter. The research highlights the need for understanding public divisions on the issue.
A study found that only 41% of children aged 7-17 correctly identified both real and toy guns. The researchers emphasize the need for safe firearm storage in homes where children live or play, especially among gun owners who were more likely to let their children play with toy guns.
Tropical Depression Yutu, once a Super Typhoon, has weakened to a depression, with the center of circulation still apparent on MODIS imagery. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center forecasts its complete dissipation by the end of the day.
A new study has found that a native shrub can effectively share its water with millet plants, boosting production by over 900%. The optimized shrub system involves increasing shrub density and fertilizing the ground with organic matter, improving soil quality and yields.
A study by V. Wendy Setiawan and colleagues found that cancer mortality rates among Latinos in the US increase with each successive generation born in the country. The highest risk was observed among third-generation U.S.-born Latinos, followed by second- and first-generation immigrants.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a method to create complex knot-like nanostructures in single-stranded DNA, with crossing numbers ranging from 9 to 57. This breakthrough enables the design of molecular structures with specific functions and unprecedented complexity.
Researchers discovered that zinc can activate a molecule helping to shield against oxidative stress, which contributes to aging and illnesses. Zinc combined with polyphenols in foods like coffee, tea, and chocolate may provide natural protection.
Children whose parents are injured may experience altered sleep habits due to post-traumatic stress disorder from military combat. Researchers found a 48% increase in sleep visits among these children, with some experiencing increased symptoms of insomnia and restlessness.
A study published in Cell Stem Cell found that the PPM1D gene confers a survival advantage to blood cells exposed to chemotherapy, potentially favoring the development of secondary leukemia. The research suggests that the presence of this gene and other mutations should be considered when choosing chemotherapies.
A team of researchers has discovered a novel protein called Phaser that neatly arranges nucleosomes in the fruit fly genome. This finding sheds new light on how gene regulation is controlled, and could have important implications for our understanding of human disease.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago conducted a multicenter, randomized clinical trial evaluating an online intervention called CATCH-IT. The study found that high-risk adolescents who participated in the CATCH-IT program demonstrated significant risk reduction for depressive episodes, with up to 80% reduction in risk.
The new algorithm simplifies neural models through synaptic pruning and dendritic pruning procedures, resulting in simplified structures that can be implemented as logic circuits. These circuits achieved satisfactory classification accuracy on benchmark problems, suggesting potential for solving complex real-world problems with high ha...
Scientists have discovered a compound that strongly inhibits botulinum neurotoxin, potentially reversing paralysis caused by the toxin. Nitrophenyl psoralen, identified through high-throughput screening of natural compounds, shows powerful anti-botulinum toxin activity with low toxicity to human cells.
A recent study found that eating more protein can slow the loss of muscle mass and preserve daily activity abilities in older adults. The researchers examined data from the Newcastle 85+ Study and discovered that participants who ate more protein were less likely to become disabled over five years.
Researchers successfully generate three-photon entanglement in three dimensions, increasing information capacity and paving the way for future technologies such as quantum computers and encryption. This breakthrough could enable teleportation of complex quantum systems and has significant implications for quantum communication networks.
A recent study presented at the American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference & Exhibition found that children with a family history of ACL tears are more likely to experience complications requiring additional surgical repair. The research examined data from 425 childhood patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction and foun...
Researchers at Siberian Federal University have created a new class of two-dimensional materials called circulenes, which exhibit high stability, symmetry, and optical properties. These materials show promise for nanoelectronics applications, including solar cells and organic LEDs, with advantages over traditional materials like silicon.
A prognostic model using machine learning accurately stratifies African-American breast cancer patients into high- and low-risk populations based on protein expression levels. The model identifies a combination of four proteins associated with increased risk of death, suggesting specific therapeutic regimens for this underserved demogr...
Researchers develop autonomous drone system that collaboratively maps terrain under dense forest canopies without GPS, enabling more efficient searches for lost hikers. The system uses LIDAR and path-planning software to fuse individual drone maps into a global 3D map, facilitating human rescuers.
A study finds that children under 12 are more likely to be shot by accident, while those aged 18-21 are more likely to be victims of firearm-related injuries due to assault. Firearm-related injuries remain a leading cause of injury and death among U.S. children.
Researchers at Rice University have discovered the structure of the condensin protein complex, a ring-shaped protein that helps condense chromosomes. The finding settles a long-standing controversy over the mechanism by which the complex wrangles DNA, and provides insight into its activity during mitosis and cell life cycles.
A new study reveals that racial and ethnic minorities face greater vulnerability to wildfires, with Native Americans being six times more likely to live in high-risk areas. The research used a 'vulnerability index' to assess wildfire risk in communities across the US, integrating physical risk with social and economic resilience.
Researchers have developed a method to narrow the emission spectrum of an ordinary diode laser, making it suitable for spectroscopic chemical analysis. The technique uses optical microresonators to generate frequency combs, which can be used in applications such as security monitoring systems and lidars for self-driving cars.
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology researchers identified a new mutation, METex14, in 14% of sGBM patients, leading to more aggressive tumor growth. A promising MET kinase inhibitor, PLB-1001, has been shown to target these tumors with remarkable potency.