New research by UCL and University of Edinburgh scientists reveals that many countries' forest restoration pledges are insufficient to meet global climate goals. Restoring natural forests is shown to capture more carbon than plantations or agroforestry, with potential to remove 42 billion tonnes of carbon by 2100.
A genetic study has identified a risk factor for stroke among childhood cancer survivors who received cranial radiation therapy. Variants in the chromosomal region 5p15.33 increase the risk of stroke approximately five-fold among those treated with intermediate dose radiation.
Researchers have discovered a new method to grow large graphene single crystals with a growth rate of up to 79 μm s-1 on liquid Cu, exceeding that on solid Cu. This is made possible by the unique properties of liquid metal, which accelerates nucleation and promotes fast growth.
Researchers from Colorado State University found that dogs with omega-3 fatty acid supplements or hypothyroidism are less likely to develop T-zone lymphoma. The study also revealed a link between defective genes and the disease, suggesting potential new avenues for research and prevention.
Researchers have developed a high-throughput method to produce and screen engineered antimicrobial lanthipeptides, which could lead to the creation of new antibiotics. The method involves synthesizing DNA strands coding for different ring combinations and screening them for antimicrobial potential using micro-alginate beads.
A new study found that 3D mammography improves breast cancer detection in older women, with lower false-positive rates and higher positive predictive values. The results suggest that guidelines for screening in this age group should be based on individual preferences and health status.
Researchers at MIT have developed a material that can be tailored to reflect or absorb infrared radiation independently of its visible light properties. The new polymer material can be designed for various applications, including colorful, heat-reflecting building facades and light-absorbing covers for solar panels.
Researchers found that inducing jet lag in fruit fly models of Huntington disease protected the flies' neurons. The team identified a circadian clock-controlled gene that also protected the brain when knocked down. This study suggests that targeting this gene could potentially slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers developed new plastic films that deflect or trap heat with zero energy required. The versatile materials can be used to regulate the temperature of buildings and people, and have potential applications in wearable technologies and solar cells.
Researchers Christoph Sens-Schönfelder and Tom Eulenfeld used seismic waves generated by surf and tidal effects to study subsurface properties. They found that the velocity of these waves can reveal information about deformations in the Earth's material, allowing for non-destructive analysis of subsurface stress and strain fluctuations.
SwRI leads largest-ever Hubble survey of the Kuiper Belt, focusing on binary populations and testing planetesimal formation theories. The Solar System Origins Legacy Survey aims to understand solar system architecture and planetary evolution.
Justin W. Jaworski, a Lehigh University mechanical engineer, has developed a predictive noise framework to design quieter aircraft wings. His work aims to predict how edge serrations affect fluid flow and acoustic signature, reducing the disturbance caused by wind turbines and increasing the viability of new transportation technologies.
A researcher at Children's National Hospital has received a $2 million NIH grant to study new approaches to treating kidney disease linked to the APOL1 risk allele. The team plans to use a Drosophila model to identify potential therapeutic targets and test compounds for effective treatment.
Researchers develop a new polymer that can expand and contract in response to light, lifting a weight with minimal stimulation. The material has potential applications in biomedical fields, such as drug-delivery devices or artificial muscles.
Researchers found that rucaparib reduced tumor size and controlled growth in 17 out of 19 patients with BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2 mutations. The study provides promising early evidence for this approach as a less toxic option.
Lauren Sciences LLC has received an AU$1 million grant from FightMND to advance its development of LAUR-301, a novel V-Smart Nanomedicine for ALS. The therapy aims to protect motor neurons and induce neuro-restoration, slowing or reversing the disease.
A phase I clinical trial combining telomelysin and radiotherapy achieved an impressive 85% overall response rate (ORR) and complete tumor eradication in most patients. The therapy was safe and effective, even for elderly patients with health complications.
Researchers developed an ultra-thin optical chip that detects biomolecules in a sample and determines their location using metasurfaces. The technology uses image analysis to count biomolecules one by one and identify trends, demonstrating its potential for personalized medicine.
A recent study published in Phytobiomes Journal found that corn's bacterial communities play a significant role in its health and performance. The research, led by Dr. Jason Wallace, monitored the active bacteria on the leaves of 300 diverse lines of corn and discovered little relationship between the bacteria and corn genes.
Researchers at the University of California, Riverside found that surgery is associated with a 44% increased chance of survival for patients with HER2-positive stage 4 breast cancer. The study suggests that surgery should be considered as part of treatment, particularly for women with Medicare or private insurance.
A study of 11,400 patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment found that amyloid PET imaging was associated with changes in clinical management within 90 days. The use of this imaging technique was reported in 55% of MCI patients and 70% of those with dementia.
A new urine test using nanoparticles that detect early enzyme activity of immune cells attacking cancer has received a major funding boost from the National Institutes of Health. The test can identify immunotherapy effectiveness very early, helping doctors adjust treatment and combat resistance.
Researchers applied two competing stock market return models, Heston and multiplicative, to US historical data. The Heston model excels in predicting long-time accumulations of stock returns, while the multiplicative model is better suited for short-term predictions.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed a 3D-printed transparent skull implant that allows for real-time brain activity monitoring. The device, called See-Shell, provides unprecedented control and precision in studying brain function, enabling new insights into human brain conditions.
A new study reveals dopamine generates sustained activity in ensemble of cells in the prefrontal cortex, lasting up to 20 minutes. This coordinated activity supports complex functions such as motivation and attention to complete a task.
Researchers at ICFO have developed an infrared detector using Bismuth Sulphide flakes with sulphur vacancies, creating extended in-gap states for sub-bandgap absorption. The resulting device has high gain, low noise, and sensitivity, enabling fast response times and broad spectral coverage.
A study analyzing air samples from the Amazon rainforest and polluted areas found that human activity increases the production of climate-changing particles by 60-200% compared to natural forest carbon. The researchers developed an advanced computer model to simulate chemical reactions, improving predictive abilities.
A Henry Ford Health System study suggests recognizing four fundamental quality factors in the safety of care category and assigning equal weights to eight measures would produce more accurate results. This alternative approach could make hospital star ratings more meaningful and unbiased.
Researchers tracked platinum and tin atom movement during iNPs synthesis, discovering intermediate phases with unique catalytic properties. This discovery enables control over material synthesis and potential applications in energy-efficient fuel conversion and biofuel production.
A study by Newcastle University reveals that the NHS dental budget is not being spent efficiently, with too much focus on orthodontics and specialist oral surgery. The team recommends investing in prevention measures and making services more accessible, such as opening new high street practices.
Astronomers have made the first direct image of a dusty, doughnut-shaped feature surrounding a supermassive black hole in Cygnus A, a galaxy 760 million light-years from Earth. The feature, known as a torus, helps explain why objects with similar properties appear differently when viewed from different angles.
Researchers argue that eliminating the entire tsetse fly family is not ethically justified due to its intrinsic value. Targeted elimination campaigns are proposed as a compromise to minimize harm while promoting human and animal well-being.
A new Tel Aviv University study demonstrates improved radar detection using low-bandwidth technology, with applications in the automotive industry and beyond. The research, published in Nature Communications, uses a partially coherent approach to achieve high-range resolution without broadband signals.
Researchers from University of Copenhagen and EMBL found consistent changes in gut bacteria across seven countries, providing a universal signature for colorectal cancer. These microbiome changes may play a role in developing the cancer and could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets.
A UTA researcher is studying the relationship between cardiovascular disease and depression, with potential breakthroughs in prevention and therapy. Adults with depression are at an accelerated risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which can happen at an earlier age than expected.
Researchers uncover six distinct genera and over 60 species of wood-boring clams, revealing their unique diet and importance in the ocean's carbon cycle. The discovery sheds new light on these tiny creatures' role in shaping the deep-sea ecosystem.
A recent UBC study found that a 'reduced workload' program is the best option for men recovering from a radical prostatectomy, reducing the risk of burnout and promoting full recovery. The researchers recommend that patients have an open conversation with their employer before surgery to come up with a plan for a gradual return to work.
Dr. Carl June receives the 2019 Harrington Prize for his contributions to CAR T therapy, a revolutionary cancer treatment. The prize honors his development of new strategies and culture systems that have enabled CAR T clinical trials.
A new University of Colorado Boulder study found that the 18 most highly-studied candidate genes for depression are no more associated with it than randomly chosen genes. The research suggests that depression is influenced by many variants, each having a miniscule effect, and challenges previous 'candidate gene hypotheses',
A Russian scientist has received funding to analyze the tumor microenvironment and develop new cancer therapies. The project aims to create targeted treatments with minimal side effects, building on gene and cell technologies.
A recent study found that caregivers of older patients with advanced cancer are a vulnerable group, experiencing poorer physical and mental health. Strategies such as talking to healthcare providers about stress related to caregiving can help improve caregiver well-being.
Scientists have identified genes involved in sugarcane root cell separation, a process that can be applied to other parts of the plant. The development of transgenic varieties with soft cell walls similar to papaya could increase sucrose extraction and reduce enzyme cocktails for ethanol production.
A study of messaging patterns on an online dating platform reveals geographic distance as the strongest driver of reciprocal interactions. Researchers found 19 distinct communities that closely mirrored geographic regions across the US, with age and race also influencing dating markets.
Researchers developed a system to automatically identify and classify violin bow gestures, providing real-time feedback for students. The system achieved 94% accuracy in identifying bowing techniques, enabling practical learning scenarios for music education.
A team of NJIT researchers has created a novel electrochemical biosensing device that can identify tiny signals of biomarkers emitted by diseases, such as cancer and malaria. The device uses gold nanoparticles to enhance signal response and separates plasma from blood to achieve high accuracy.
Researchers found that chronic morphine treatment decreased survival in control mice, but not in sickle mice with sickle cell disease. Chronic opioid therapy also caused hyperalgesia, a condition of increased pain sensitivity, in sickle mice. The study suggests that opioids may still be effective for managing pain in SCD patients despi...
New study reveals extreme scale of sea-ice melting in Arctic, with only 20% of young ice reaching Transpolar Drift. This reduction affects nutrient and sediment transport, potentially impacting ecological processes and biogeochemical cycles.
Researchers developed a new model predicting proton beam effects on tumour and normal tissue more precisely, allowing for effective treatment plans. The study replaced traditional radiobiological models with complex ones, showing improved results for low-energy beams.
A team of researchers developed a computer model called NarcoLogic to assess cocaine interception scenarios and predict how drug smugglers react. The model demonstrated that narcotics trafficking is widespread and difficult to eradicate due to law enforcement intervention.
Researchers discovered sea snakes can dive as deep as 250 meters in the mesopelagic zone, challenging previous assumptions about their habitat. The ability to cope with diving sickness allows them to access previously unexplored ecosystems.
Salk scientists discovered a new mechanism of action for the CDK12 protein, revealing its role in regulating gene expression and cell division. This finding suggests that targeting CDK12 could be an effective way to kill cancer cells and improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers developed a new machine learning model to describe the dynamics of cell development, estimating selection pressure and formation of new cells. The tool simplifies the interpretation of single-cell time series observations, shedding light on vital questions in biology.
A new study from the University of Virginia identifies a compound that can recruit oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell, to repair damage in the peripheral nervous system. This finding has implications for treating debilitating neurological disorders such as muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
A study found a high rate of metabolic syndrome among elderly individuals aged 60-100 years. Three simple measures - waist diameter, waist circumference, and neck circumference - were predictive of metabolic syndrome in both men and women.
Researchers tracked the spread of K. pneumoniae bacteria in a Beijing hospital and found they were highly transmissible and adaptable to antibiotics. The study highlights the importance of genomic data in understanding multi-drug resistant infections, which are predicted to rise to 10 million per year by 2050.
A study published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health found that children with obesity experience a range of health issues, including anxiety, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The research suggests that using a clinical staging system is more useful than BMI alone to identify these health concerns.
A research team led by Prof. HUANG Xuhui discovered the mechanism of RNA polymerase II correcting errors in RNA synthesis, which relies on the RNA itself rather than amino acid residues. This finding offers insights into how transcription may go wrong in ageing and diseased cells, potentially leading to various human diseases.
A plant pathologist at UC Riverside has secured a $4 million grant from the USDA to develop a cure for citrus-destroying disease. The research focuses on a novel class of peptides that can directly kill the bacteria and protect healthy trees from infection, offering hope for California's multibillion-dollar citrus industry.
Researchers have discovered a causal link between the gut microbiome and anti-tumor immunity, identifying key bacterial strains that activate the immune system to slow melanoma growth. The study also reveals the role of unfolded protein response (UPR) in this process, providing potential markers for patient stratification.
An international team of researchers used the Subaru telescope to detect primordial black holes using gravitational lensing effects. The study found that these black holes can contribute no more than 0.1% to all dark matter mass, ruling out their theory as a primary composition.