Researchers discovered that Clostridium difficile is evolving into two separate species, with one group highly adapted to spread in hospitals. The emerging species, named Clade A, has evolved genes that metabolize simple sugars, allowing it to thrive on Western sugar-rich diets and evade common hospital disinfectants.
Researchers at Rice University have created a method to modify hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) by attaching carbon chains, making it easier to bond with polymers and other materials. This modification also makes the material more dispersible in organic solvents.
Scientists have studied the Vela Pulsar, a neutron star 1,000 light years away, to understand its behavior during a glitch. The team found that the star's spin increased before slowing down, providing a glimpse into its interior structure, which consists of three different components.
Researchers developed a tissue model that mimics blood-brain barrier disruption in Alzheimer's disease, showing how damaged barriers allow harmful molecules to enter the brain. The model also revealed that restoring the blood-brain barrier with certain drugs can slow down neuron cell death.
A new study found that individuals are swayed by their peers to punish more often, with victims being more easily influenced than impartial jurors. Group decisions can increase punishment recommendations by 40%, highlighting the potential for conformity in moral dilemmas.
Recent studies suggest a link between Arctic sea ice decline and mid-latitude cold winters, but a new study finds no causal relationship. Analysis of climate models reveals that both changes are caused by unusual atmospheric circulation patterns, not the Arctic sea ice itself.
Researchers at Monash University have discovered an antibiotic that can prevent the life-threatening diarrhea caused by C. difficile. The treatment strategy could also counter diseases caused by other similar bacteria, including anthrax. Studies show that cephamycins can reduce spore production of C. difficile and Bacillus cereus.
Researchers have found a physical explanation for how bacteria swim against the current, with a new mathematical formula describing their motion behavior. The discovery could enable design of special tube surfaces to slow down bacterial migration.
A recent study found that droughts are associated with poor childhood nutrition, particularly in areas with low agricultural diversity and ineffective governance. Researchers mapped the risk of child stunting during drought conditions using data from 53 countries since 1990.
Expert David Schwebel outlines a model to reduce accidental injuries in children, grouping risk factors into environment-based, caregiver-based, and child-based categories. The model aims to stop an injury from occurring by preventing just one risk factor.
Studies suggest that emphasizing shared scientific beliefs can help skeptics reconsider climate change facts. Additionally, sparking hope through resilience and perseverance can motivate climate action in science educators.
A study found that a diet with reduced carbohydrate content, high protein content, and moderately increased fat content improves patients' ability to regulate their blood sugar levels. This diet also reduces liver fat content and has a beneficial effect on fat metabolism in type 2 diabetics.
Psychologist Lisa Damour presents a counterintuitive view of stress and anxiety as unavoidable and potentially helpful. She argues that moderate levels of stress can build resilience and that anxiety serves as an internal alarm system to alert us to threats.
Research by Ohio State University found that low-income and African-American communities continue to face disproportionate levels of air pollution, exacerbating existing health disparities. The study's findings suggest that efforts to control pollution are not effectively addressing these inequities.
Rasel Raihan, a research scientist at the UTA Research Institute, has received the Young Professionals Emerging Leadership Award from the Society of Advancement of Materials and Process Engineering. He is recognized for his technical excellence and outstanding service in advancing the field of advanced materials and process engineering.
A new dual stem cell therapy has shown promise in improving cardiac function and vascular regeneration following myocardial infarction. The treatment involves combining two types of stem cells to repair both the muscle cells and vascular systems of the heart, providing a potential alternative to complex heart transplants.
Researchers developed a new method to analyze nanoparticles' movements in real-time, finding that targeting nanostars rotate faster and move across larger areas than non-targeting counterparts. This technology holds promise for reducing side effects of cancer treatments by delivering drugs directly to diseased cells.
Despite temperature fluctuations, treehoppers' mating habits remain intact. Researchers at Saint Louis University found that male treehoppers' songs and female preferences adapt together in response to changing temperatures.
Researchers designed and tested an experimental system that uses a near-infrared laser to actively heat two gold nanorod antennae to different temperatures, defying thermal diffusion. The team measured temperature differences as high as 20 degrees Celsius by analyzing scattered photons from green light.
A new study demonstrates dual DNA barcoding improves diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases, enabling faster treatment and reducing morbidity and mortality. The technique uses two specific regions of DNA to identify fungal pathogens, increasing accuracy and speed of diagnosis.
Researchers found that chronic stress leads to autophagic death of adult hippocampal NSCs, causing decline in adult neurogenesis. Deleting Atg7 or SGK3 gene prevents cell death and maintains normal brain functions.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open found that depression symptoms in cognitively healthy older individuals, combined with brain amyloid, can lead to changes in memory and thinking over time. The study suggests that depression symptoms could be a target for delaying the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have uncovered a new mechanism for tooth repair by identifying a new population of mesenchymal stromal cells that contribute to dentin formation. These cells send signals to control cell production through the molecular gene Dlk1.
A team of researchers has successfully demonstrated that potassium ions migrate through the selectivity filter of potassium channels without water molecules in between. Their study, published in Science Advances, utilized solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to provide conclusive evidence under natural conditions.
Researchers have identified a new family of small-molecule metabolites responsible for the bright green color in certain shark species. This unique biofluorescence mechanism allows sharks to identify each other and potentially fight off microbial infections.
A new study found that consuming a snack reduces the impact of sleepiness and fatigue on night shift workers, compared to eating a meal or no food at all. The study's lead researcher hopes the findings will inform strategic eating patterns to help thousands of shift workers stay alert and healthy.
New research from Dartmouth College uncovers how cholera bacteria change shape to aid short-term survival in nutrient-poor environments. This strategy supports the growth of bacterial communities and allows pathogens to compete effectively.
The University of Bath's Naturbeads technology uses cellulose to create biodegradable microbeads that can replace plastic microbeads in personal care products, reducing ocean pollution. The company will receive funding to commercialize the technology and test its use in cosmetic and personal care industries.
Researchers found that brain stimulation during short breaks improves recall of learned motor sequences, even after several hours of practice has stopped. The study suggests that pauses between practice sessions solidify learning in the brain, and stimulation can enhance this process.
Researchers found microneedling improves acne scar appearance by decreasing inflammation and scarring, with increased patient satisfaction when combined with other treatments.
Researchers introduce RadialPheno, a new tool to visualize phenocam-collected phenology data, providing meaningful insights into plant developmental events. The tool uses radial representation to identify recurrent events and integrates with common statistical methods, making it a valuable resource for phenology experts.
Researchers used Stampede2 to study shock turbulence interactions at high turbulence intensities, exploring amplification factors, shock jumps and turbulent Mach number. The study aims to improve understanding of turbulent flows interacting with shock waves, enabling advancements in supersonic aircraft design and supernova research.
Focusing on movement during weightlifting may improve performance by reducing mechanical inefficiency and increasing automatic control processes. This contradicts the traditional mind-muscle connection theory, which suggests focusing on individual muscles enhances activation and development.
A new retroreflective material can create stable, changing colors when viewed from different angles at night. This technology has the potential to enhance safety by grabbing driver attention during nighttime traffic.
This review analyzes the diagnostic value of ultrasound in evaluating 7 major arthritic conditions. Ultrasound is found to be effective in delineating characteristic features for each condition, making it a convenient and accurate imaging modality.
Scientists found that certain materials can bend without dislocations, allowing for stronger and more durable materials. This discovery challenges traditional methods of increasing metal strength and flexibility.
Researchers aim to decipher the mechanisms that govern the regenerative capacity of large neonatal mammalian hearts and manipulate them to remuscularize the heart after muscle death. The study may lead to novel techniques for pediatric and adult heart disease interventions, addressing the fundamental problem of heart failure.
Conjugated polymers are stretched and flattened using polymer printing, enabling better charge transport. The new method produces flat conjugated polymers with exciting optoelectronic properties.
Typhoon Krosa has a large eye with coldest cloud top temperatures as cold as -63 degrees Fahrenheit around the center and in large bands south and east of the storm. NASA's Aqua satellite analysis revealed the eye's size, aiding forecasters in predicting its path and potential weakening over the next five days.
Researchers discover beta-amyloid blocks glutamate re-uptake in hyperactive neurons, causing false signals and impairments in signal processing. The soluble form of beta-amyloid dimers are responsible for the toxic effect, providing a new target for early treatment strategies.
A team of scientists at Bar-Ilan University has developed a new type of ultrafast artificial intelligence algorithm based on the slow dynamics of brain function. This breakthrough outperforms traditional machine learning algorithms in various fields.
A University of Arizona-led team used supercomputer simulations to generate millions of virtual universes, challenging fundamental ideas about galaxy formation and the role of dark matter. The findings suggest galaxies formed stars more efficiently in the early universe than previously thought.
Research shows physically active individuals experience fewer age-related alterations in biomarkers associated with the disease. Regular exercise appears to help prevent physical signs of Alzheimer's in those at risk for the disease.
The NASA Aqua satellite provided detailed images of Typhoon Lekima's cloud top temperatures, revealing cold air extending into the troposphere, generating heavy rainfall. The storm's powerful thunderstorms were also visible in infrared and visible light, surrounding a small, rounded eye.
Researchers have designed plastic-based materials that can store natural gas more effectively, achieving a high deliverable gravimetric methane working capacity. The developed material, COP-150, has a total cost of only $1 USD per kilogram and can be produced using freely available plastic materials.
Researchers have found that gene expression patterns in the brain are highly disrupted in people with schizophrenia, suggesting a link to the disease's molecular mechanisms. The study's findings could help researchers better understand schizophrenia and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Rice University chemists have developed a fast and inexpensive synthetic route to azetidines, a class of molecules that can be used as building blocks in drug design. The new method allows for the creation of NH-azetidines, which contain unprotected nitrogen atoms, making them more accessible for further reactions.
Researchers developed a simplified new mass spectrometric technique using a continuous wave laser and graphene substrate to analyze bio samples without sample preparation. This technology can obtain high-resolution images and secure enough heat needed for specimen analysis with small amount of light generated by the continuous wave laser.
Scientists discovered a protein called LIN-53 that controls muscle integrity, lifespan and levels of an essential sugar. The protein is an epigenetic factor that affects gene expression and heritable traits.
Research suggests green turtles favour narrow lengths of plastic in natural colours like green and black over debris of other shapes and colours. Plastic was found in all examined turtles, with smaller ones containing more pieces.
A new study suggests that oral appliances can be an effective alternative to CPAP for treating moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. Patients with mild collapsibility and weaker reflex responses tend to benefit more from oral appliances, which move the lower jaw forward to prevent airflow obstruction.
A new study demonstrates that antiviral drugs for hepatitis C reduce liver-related deaths by nearly 50% in patients with a history of liver cancer. The finding reverses prior misconceptions about the relationship between hepatitis C and liver cancer recurrence.
Researchers at Heidelberg University confirm theoretically predicted deviation from classical scale symmetry using ultracold lithium atoms. The study provides new insights into the behavior of systems like graphene and superconductors, revealing a stiffening effect with compression.
A study found that providing current medical research to patients and visitors in waiting rooms increases interest by 30 percent. The trial, conducted in North Queensland, Australia, showed that age and gender also play a role in public interest.
A new study shows that average Americans can evaluate mathematical arguments for beauty, using criteria such as elegance and universality. The research found that people share the same aesthetic sensibilities about math as they do about art and music, with consensus on what makes something beautiful.
The University of Hawaii at Manoa Institute for Astronomy has received a $1.1 million grant to install an adaptive secondary mirror on the UH 2.2-meter telescope on Maunakea, enabling corrected images free from atmospheric blurring effects.
Researchers found that combining therapies reduced tumor relapse and side effects in mouse models of kinase mutated breast cancer. The study suggests using two therapies together, rather than one after the other, to improve treatment outcomes.
A study published in Nature Human Behaviour found that people are more upset about losing their jobs to robots than to other workers. The researchers discovered that this preference reverses when it comes to one's own job, with most individuals finding robot replacement less threatening to their self-worth.
A new study by University of Illinois researchers suggests that Chicago's water pollution is likely keeping invasive silver carp out of the Great Lakes. The study found that certain compounds in the water flowing downstream from Chicago induce avoidance behaviors in fish, causing them to stop moving upstream.
Researchers have created a super-stable form of MHC tetramer reagent, enabling faster detection and manipulation of T cells in patients. This breakthrough opens new possibilities for personalized cancer treatment strategies.