Researchers at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University present findings that a type of Martian aurora is the most common on the Red Planet, offering insights into water loss and climate change. The study uses data from NASA's MAVEN spacecraft to track hydrogen escape and understand how Mars' atmosphere has changed over time.
A new study has confirmed that bovine kobuvirus is the causative agent for calf diarrhea in US cattle. The virus was found in four of nine samples tested at the University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have made significant progress in developing a novel Zika virus vaccine that prevents infection in pre-clinical models. The vaccine's effectiveness has been demonstrated in mouse models, offering a promising solution to prevent congenital effects in infants born to infected mothers.
A team of international researchers has discovered approximately 100 red transients in publicly available sky data from the 1950s to the present, which could be attributed to natural astrophysical phenomena or rare events. The findings have potential implications for our understanding of stellar evolution and active galactic nuclei.
A new study by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers identified over 100 genetic variants that increase the risk for more than one psychiatric disorder. The study found that many distinct psychiatric diseases share a common genetic structure, with genes producing multiple effects in the body.
A new study using MAVEN data reveals that the proton aurora on Mars occurs more than 14% of dayside observations, increasing to over 80% during southern summer. This correlation suggests that changes in solar activity and Martian atmospheric conditions lead to increased water loss.
The study reveals the Carolina parakeet's rapid extinction was mainly a human-mediated process, with no signs of inbreeding or population decline found on its genome. The genomic analysis suggests that the bird's unique diet may have contributed to its demise, and experts wonder if de-extinguishing the species could be possible.
The study found that herbicide leaf treatment was the most effective method to control invasive Oregon grape, with manual removal and salt application showing medium effectiveness. The researchers recommend prompt eradication as the best management strategy due to the high level of infestation in Belgian dune ecosystems.
A new study found that nearly one-quarter of people living with HIV are willing to participate in clinical trials that carry significant risks, including near-certain death, in exchange for the potential of an HIV cure. The study highlights the need for additional ethical safeguards when enrolling individuals in such high-risk research.
Scientists developed a novel self-powered e-skin capable of inducing a neural response, which can be controlled by photo illumination. The technology has potential applications in quantifying neural plasticity changes and developing novel neural-stimulation systems.
A research team discovered that dendritic cells play a crucial role in the immune system's response to disease-causing pathogens, which may explain why TNF inhibitors carry a risk of serious infections and cancer. The study suggests that programming dendritic cells could lead to better treatments for persistent infections and cancer.
A new study by Columbia University researchers estimates the per-case costs of six childhood health conditions linked to air pollution, including preterm birth and asthma. The study suggests that policies to clean the air and address climate change will yield numerous benefits for children's health.
Researchers have developed novel biomarkers to accurately measure dietary intake of key bioactives, including flavanols and procyanidins. This breakthrough enables large-scale studies into the links between these compounds and health benefits, free from limitations inherent to past research approaches.
Researchers at the University of Georgia developed a new cell-to-cell messaging technology using bio-manufactured exosomes to treat traumatic brain injuries. The treatment, called IV treatment, showed improved functional recovery in rats after TBI.
Researchers aim to determine if short bursts of vigorous-intensity locomotor treadmill training can optimize motor learning and improve walking capacity, mobility, and performance for children with cerebral palsy. The study will enroll 72 participants aged 6-10 and assess the immediate and retention effects of the intervention.
Researchers investigate how smoke plumes develop and travel from prescribed burns, aiming to create more accurate models for fire managers. They partner with experts in fire management and conduct field experiments to refine their understanding of the complex interactions between fire, topography, and vegetation.
The Endocrine Society and Avalere Health introduced quality measures to assess healthcare providers' ability to identify and care for older adults at risk of hypoglycemia. The measures focus on outpatient treatment for adults aged 65 and older with type 2 diabetes, highlighting key risk factors and emphasizing education to prevent futu...
Researchers developed a wearable light sensor concept to measure exposure to different light spectrums, filling a gap in current technology. The Spectrace sensor aims to improve our understanding of the physiological effects of light on our bodies, particularly in relation to circadian rhythms and health.
Researchers developed a Zika vaccine that safely protects both mother and fetus from the virus. However, pregnancy weakens the immune response, requiring a higher dose of vaccination to be effective.
A group of experts argue that knee-jerk vaping bans could do more harm than good, citing evidence supporting the use of nicotine vaping products as a harm-reduction tool. They call for regulatory measures to balance access with youth protection and surveillance systems to detect unanticipated harm.
A new analysis confirms human genomic data can predict success in clinical trials, with genetically supported drug targets twice as likely to be approved. Historically, drugs targeting proteins with amino acid sequence changes linked to the disease have the best chance of approval.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine found that specific neurons in the CeA contribute to reward-like behaviors and alcohol drinking. By selectively lesioning or ablating these neurons, animals drank less alcohol without affecting anxiety-like behavior.
Researchers have developed an algorithm capable of identifying who in a social group would be the best persons to be trained as 'gatekeepers' capable of recognizing warning signs of suicide. The tool aims to improve efficiency of suicide prevention trainings for vulnerable populations, such as homeless youth.
The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant's soil decontamination efforts have reduced cesium concentrations by 80% in treated areas, but generated significant amounts of hazardous waste. Monitoring the transfer of radioactive contamination is crucial to prevent recontamination of remediated areas.
The first identified interstellar comet, 2I -- Borisov, is being tracked by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope as it passes close to the Sun. The comet's nucleus is estimated to be smaller than half a kilometer in diameter and has a chemical composition similar to comets found within our solar system.
Researchers are examining changes in children's diets and time use over the summer holidays to better understand factors affecting childhood obesity. The study aims to find effective ways to address the serious issue of childhood obesity by tracking the behavior of 300 Grade four students over three years.
A new machine learning app developed by Houston Methodist aims to prevent severe fall-related injuries and death in patients. The AI technology uses clinical parameters and demographics to predict risk and triggers tailored interventions.
Researchers discovered small insects like mosquitoes become visible to bats in large swarms due to Quasi Constant Frequency signals. This finding sheds light on the evolution of bat echolocation and its potential applications for detecting drone swarms.
New research reveals that knowing more about a partner's actions accelerates joint physical task collaboration. Game theory insights inform the development of robots that can interact with humans in a natural, human-like fashion.
A recent study analyzing over 12,000 microbial genomes found that every cell is genetically unique, defying conventional species definitions. The Global Ocean Reference Genomes Tropics database provides insights into global distribution patterns and energy sources of ocean microbes.
Researchers discovered that specific immune T cells from people with ME/CFS exhibit disruptions in energy production, suggesting changes in the immune system. The study found decreased levels of glycolysis and mitochondrial function in affected cells, potentially providing clues to understanding the mechanisms underlying ME/CFS.
Recent study suggests a modest association between radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism and increased risk of solid cancer, including breast cancer. The Society for Endocrinology and British Thyroid Association advise caution in interpreting the findings and highlight the need for further research.
A new study suggests that dofetilide, an FDA-approved antiarrhythmic drug, may counteract pathological changes in potassium channels associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In experimental models, dofetilide inhibited PAH-related vascular remodeling and improved lung function.
Researchers found that colon cancer cells deficient in p53 use the mevalonate pathway to survive, producing ubiquinone to synthesize new DNA. Statins inhibit this pathway, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports found that Daylight Saving Time (DST) regulations do not disrupt human cycles, including sleep and labor patterns. The report highlights the impact of latitude on seasonal adaptation of human activity.
A team of Russian scientists found that adding micromolar selenium doses to hydroponic substrate increases the levels of useful biologically active compounds in sweet basil leaves. This concentration is safe for the plant, leading to higher antioxidant levels and enhanced nutritional properties.
A review of recent research in personality science suggests that personality traits can change through persistent intervention and major life events. Researchers identify neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness as key targets for policy interventions.
Scientists successfully deliver powerful glioblastoma drug paclitaxel into brain tumors in mice using an implantable ultrasound. The new formulation uses albumin instead of toxic cremophor, reducing brain toxicity. This technology has shown to increase drug concentrations by five-fold and prolong survival of brain tumor-bearing mice.
New research reveals that Australia's oldest flowering plants are 126 million years old and resemble modern magnolias, buttercups, and laurels. Climate change may have prevented their expansion into Australasia due to cold temperatures.
A new hypothesis identifies a common link between schizophrenia and pellagra, suggesting that some people with psychosis in poorer nations may have a vitamin B3 deficiency. This could lead to better diagnosis, treatment, and potential cure of psychosis through niacin supplementation.
Researchers discovered that myokine Dpp, produced by skeletal muscle, regulates feeding behavior by modulating dopamine levels in the brain. This finding sheds new light on the mechanisms governing feeding behavior and has implications for understanding metabolic diseases.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have successfully used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to disrupt both latent and active herpes virus in human cells. The findings offer a model system for using gene editing in a localized way to disrupt active replication, but the challenge of delivering gene-editing therapy to neurons remains unsolved.
Researchers developed DeepMACT, a novel algorithm that can detect and analyze cancer metastases more than 300 times faster than human experts. The algorithm provides insights into the unique metastatic profiles of different tumor models, enabling tailored drug targeting for various cancers.
Research published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that older adults with hypothyroidism are 26% more likely to die from all causes than their peers without the condition. However, this increased risk was not observed in individuals with milder forms of thyroid disease.
A consensus definition has been reached by leading scholars and publishers to track and combat predatory journals, which prioritize self-interest over scholarship. The definition highlights false or misleading information, deviation from best practices, lack of transparency, and aggressive solicitation as key characteristics.
Researchers at Dartmouth's Norris Cotton Cancer Center found that breast cancer cells can take up large quantities of fat from the bloodstream through a novel mechanism called endocytosis of lipoproteins. This uptake provides a reliable source of energy for cancer cell proliferation.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine classified over 500 cancers into 10 subtypes based on protein analysis, revealing novel molecular pathways and potential new players in cancer. Four subtypes were found to be linked to the tumor microenvironment, while three others were associated with previously unknown cellular components.
Larger whales consume more prey and have higher energy efficiency due to their size. Filter-feeding whales, however, exhibit rapid increases in energy from food, potentially driving evolutionary pathways to gigantism.
Two female chimpanzees exhibit synchronized bipedalism, displaying near-perfect precision in whole-body tempo synchronization. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of human dance and highlights conjoined full-body rhythmic entrainment in great apes.
The NRG Oncology/NSABP B-42 trial found that extending letrozole therapy for five additional years improved disease-free survival in postmenopausal women with HR+ breast cancer. The study showed a 26% decrease in the risk of breast-cancer-free interval events and a 29% reduction in distant recurrence rates.
A recent study found that a significant proportion of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prescribed medications that may be toxic to their kidneys. Among the studied population, 71% of those with CKD and 50% without received at least one potentially nephrotoxic medication over an average follow-up period of 3.3 years.
Researchers have discovered an unusual light-dependent enzyme in microalgae that can convert organic waste oils and fats into sustainable biofuels. The goal is to develop a system that can produce drop-in fuels from waste oils and fats, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Scientists developed a two-scale coupled momentum balance method to simulate wind farm aerodynamics, accounting for the impact of turbine towers. This updated model helps understand the potential impact of wind turbine support structures on the wind farm blockage effect.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding cancer prediction by developing a new method to evaluate cell dynamics and tumor initiation. Their calculations reveal that fixation times are a more important metric than lifetime risks, and that some mutated cells may fix tumors faster than expected.
Chemists at the University of Tokyo have made groundbreaking discoveries about how molecules bind together, using a tiny cube structure to study dispersion forces. The team has found that polarizable atoms can create stronger dispersion forces, leading to increased stability in complex structures and potential applications in drug design.
A comprehensive meta-analysis of over 160 studies involving 42,000 students from 27 countries reveals that emotionally intelligent students tend to achieve better academic performance. Higher emotional intelligence is linked to improved grades, achievement test scores, and social relationships with teachers, peers, and family.
A Penn State study found that hydration levels among women are associated with lower scores on tests measuring motor speed, sustained attention, and working memory. The researchers suggest that being 'in the sweet spot' of hydration is best for cognitive function, particularly for tasks requiring sustained attention.
Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted model perturbation experiments to improve monsoon predictions. The study sheds light on the complex atmosphere-ocean-land interactions driving monsoon systems and their regional variations.
A study by UC Davis Violence Prevention Research Program found that Oregon's CBC policies resulted in an 18% increase in pre-firearm-sale checks, while Washington state saw a 4% increase. The different rates are attributed to variations in private-party firearm sales and compliance among private gun sellers.
Researchers at Rice University and Texas A&M University developed molecular drills that target and kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The drills, which can be activated with light, increase the effectiveness of existing antibiotics, offering a potential solution to superbug infections.