Researchers at CRCHUM have shown that anti-cancer immunotherapy treatments can reveal hidden HIV viruses to the immune system, reducing their presence in cells. This approach could lead to new therapies for HIV treatment.
A volunteer astronomer found an ancient white dwarf star, LSPM J0207, ringed by dust and debris. The discovery challenges current models of planetary systems and may provide insights into the distant future of our solar system.
A mathematical model estimates chlamydia's R0 value, indicating the disease's potential spread. The multi-group SIR model with age structure yields an R0 estimate between 1.0148 and 1.0535 for Japan's outbreak.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a digital PLL frequency synthesizer with a power consumption of 0.265 mW, reducing energy usage by over half. The innovative design achieves this low power consumption through an automatic feedback control system.
Patients with kidney failure who undergo lower extremity amputation have prolonged stays in healthcare settings, limited access to hospice services, and a poorer prognosis. These findings highlight the need for improved end-of-life care for this group of seriously ill patients.
A study of over 30,000 Americans reveals significant differences in managing heart disease risk between women and men. Women have better control of high blood pressure, while both sexes struggle with obesity and cholesterol management.
A global carbon tax would benefit low-carbon economies relative to high-carbon ones, creating winners and losers within each group. Countries with more hydropower or nuclear power would hold a distinct competitive advantage.
Research suggests that linguistic pattern analysis of testimony can lead to more impartial investigations and accurate diagnoses of PTSD in child sexual abuse cases. Children with PTSD are more likely to provide disjointed narrative testimony, but this may be credible.
A new chiral triphenylene derivative forms a higher-order structure that preserves its ordered crystal properties even after being subjected to gravitational flow. This unique property has implications for the development of materials with long-range structural preservation, which could lead to breakthroughs in nanoscale technologies.
Researchers at University of Groningen developed nanopores that can measure peptide mass, offering a cheap and portable solution for proteomics research. The smallest pores produced have a resolution of around 40 Dalton, allowing for the identification of peptides with varying chemical compositions.
Researchers from Tel Aviv University developed a unique spatiotemporal imaging technique to capture the movement of excitons in 2D materials, revealing unprecedented insights into quantum mechanics. The technology enables ultrafast control and extreme spatiotemporal imaging of condensed matter.
The University of Seville researchers propose that forest fires can be an opportunity for ecosystem recovery, particularly in degraded areas with single-species pine plantations. By favoring more resilient natural vegetation, ecosystems can adapt to new climate conditions and recover lost natural values.
Cancer clinical trial patients need care plans after trials end, yet little is known about initiating advance planning discussions. Researchers emphasize the importance of engaging patients and families in conversations about end-of-life care and palliative care. They stress the need for better data on post-trial needs and expectations.
A new study from the Oxford Martin School suggests that lab-grown meat production may have detrimental long-term consequences on the climate if it relies on high-carbon energy. The researchers found that while reducing methane emissions is crucial, replacing it with carbon dioxide could lead to increased global temperatures.
Four Brown University assistant professors, Lorin Crawford, Kathryn Mann, Brenda Rubenstein, and Amitai Shenhav, have been awarded two-year $70,000 fellowships from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to further their research in biostatistics, mathematics, chemistry, and cognitive sciences. The fellowships support groundbreaking projects t...
Researchers at Chinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters identified the atomic structure of the catalytically active copper-ceria interface, proposing a copper bilayer model. The copper-ceria interface was found to be responsible for efficient hydrogen production through low-temperature water-gas shift reactions and CO/CO2 hydrogenation.
A recent study found that parents' ability to self-regulate and think flexibly is crucial in navigating conflicts with teenagers. Fathers were less capable of set-shifting and physiological regulation than mothers, leading to more hostile behavior. However, better-set-shifting fathers could counteract dysregulation and reduce angry res...
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a new method for delivering growth factors to treat osteoarthritis. The nanoclay-based platform provides prolonged delivery of protein therapeutics, enhancing stem cell differentiation towards cartilage lineage and reducing negative side effects.
A recent study by Forschungsverbund Berlin found that fish with a high level of familiarity are more aggressive towards each other. The researchers used the Amazon molly, a naturally clonal fish species, to isolate the effects of familiarity on behavior.
A new study led by UCL and NHM found that bird skull shape is more influenced by shared ancestry and behavior than diet. Researchers tested 352 bird species, representing 159 out of 195 existing families, and discovered that birds who eat nectar or seeds exhibit the highest rate of cranial evolution.
A new study has identified multiple genetic variants linked to how the body stores and distributes fat, paving the way for targeted interventions to reduce chronic illness risk. The findings also highlight the importance of lipid metabolism in body-fat distribution.
A team of researchers from Denmark has successfully created a graphene-based nanoscale electronics by encapsulating graphene inside hexagonal boron nitride. The new technique allows for the control of graphene's band structure, enabling the design of components and devices with precise electrical properties.
Engineers at Penn University developed a test that uses off-the-shelf components to detect single proteins with results in minutes, compared to days. The system is thousand times more sensitive than standard protein assays and can be handheld and less expensive.
A small study found that acupuncture reduced hot flushes, sweating, mood swings, sleep disturbances, skin and hair problems in women with moderate to severe menopausal symptoms. The treatment was associated with significant reductions after just six weeks.
Researchers at Penn State developed firefly-mimicking structures to improve light extraction efficiency in LEDs, achieving up to 90 percent. Asymmetric microstructures increase surface area for interaction with light and promote randomization of reflections, allowing more light to escape.
The elderly are more susceptible to the flu due to a lack of antibody diversity, which reduces their ability to adapt to new viral strains. Antibodies from elderly individuals target only conserved proteins and structures, making it harder for them to protect against evolving viral strains.
Using a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, researchers identified unusual patterns of brain activity that appear to underlie its signature symptoms. The striatal neurons' normal pattern of activity warps when dopamine levels are low, leading to synchronized cell firing and repetitive movements.
A multinational collaboration study on familial primary distal renal tubular acidosis found that patients with adequate treatment had better growth and kidney function compared to those with inadequate treatment. The study, which included data from 340 patients across 29 countries, also highlighted the importance of controlling acid-ba...
A new study finds that ocean warming is the primary cause of coral decline, contrary to the effectiveness of managed resilience efforts. Coral reefs face devastating impacts from extreme temperatures and mass bleaching, highlighting the need for drastic greenhouse gas emissions reduction.
A new computational tool, Candidate Driver Analysis (CaDrA), has been developed to identify combinations of factors causing specific diseases. The tool recognizes the complexity of diseases and can discover novel features associated with invasive phenotypes.
Two new forms of an older anti-cancer agent, s-DAB-IL-2 and s-DAB-IL-2(V6A), have been shown to enhance the immune system's ability to fight melanoma in mice. The agents depleted T regulatory cells and inhibited tumor growth when used individually or in combination with checkpoint blockade therapy.
A Mayo Clinic study found that patients with a poor immune response to follicular lymphoma exhibited reduced costimulatory receptors on their T-cells, leading to shorter survival rates. The research may lead to the development of new therapies for some patients with follicular lymphoma.
Research published in CMAJ found that taking oral fluconazole during pregnancy may be associated with a higher chance of miscarriage and birth defects. The study analyzed data from 441,949 pregnancies and linked it to filled prescriptions, highlighting the need for safe prescribing practices.
A preclinical study has identified a potential treatment strategy for low-grade gliomas, a common and lethal form of brain tumor. The researchers found that certain mutations in genes IDH1, TP53, and ATRX make glioma cells less aggressive and resistant to radiation therapy.
Scientists developed a new ultra-low-power quantum atomic clock that outperforms industry standards in size, stability, and power consumption. The device has a long-term Allan deviation of 2.2x10^-12 at 10^5 seconds and occupies only 15.4 cm^3, making it suitable for small satellites.
Researchers developed three techniques for laser colorization on metal, creating optical effects that change the color of the treated surface. The techniques can be used to produce colorful artwork on metals with high reproducibility and potential for mass production.
Researchers have engineered a human pluripotent stem cell line containing two 'suicide genes' that induce cell death in all but the desired insulin-producing cells. This approach addresses the limitations of PSC-derived beta cells and opens the door to creating safe cell-replacement therapies for people living with type 1 diabetes.
Scientists at NUST MISIS have developed composite materials for aircraft brakes using carbon fabrics, demonstrating better resistance to crack propagation than existing materials. These advancements aim to improve the reliability and safety of aircraft operation while reducing maintenance costs.
Researchers explore how phenotypic complexity influences diversification among Lake Malawi cichlids, revealing instance of repeated evolution in converging feeding habits. The study identifies that very different morphologies can translate to similar ecological specializations.
A study by University of Jyväskylä researchers found that varying environmental conditions increase the potential for invasive species to spread. Communities poorly adapted to changes are more susceptible to invasion.
Researchers discovered the lobster membrane is surprisingly tough and stretchy, making it a potential guide for designing flexible body armor. The membrane's layered structure, similar to plywood, provides exceptional strength and resistance to scratches and cuts, outperforming industrial rubber composites.
Tropical Cyclone Oma brought strong thunderstorms and powerful winds to New Caledonia, located east of Australia, on February 19. The storm's eye was surrounded by the southern Pacific Ocean, with the northern tip of the island near its eyewall.
A new study found that frail patients of all ages are more likely to die than non-frail patients. Frailty is associated with poorer patient outcomes, including significantly longer hospital stays and higher readmission rates.
A team of engineers found that certain defects in lead-halide perovskite semiconductors can improve their performance, increasing efficiency and stability. The discoveries could pave the way for the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly solar cells and LEDs.
A new screening tool designed specifically for human trafficking was found to be more effective than a commonly used psychosocial assessment in identifying sexual and labor exploitation of youth. The study found that 44% of youth had been arrested, 35% had a history of foster care, and 71% had been kicked out of their homes.
A new study found that adolescent female blood donors are more likely to have low iron stores and iron deficiency anemia. The researchers propose various measures to help this vulnerable population, including oral iron supplementation and increasing the minimum time interval between donations.
The growing number of cancer survivors, particularly those over 65, poses a significant challenge in delivering follow-up care due to their multiple health issues. Risk-stratified cancer follow-up care is recommended as a solution to address the supply and demand gap.
A recent study by Osaka University found that increased expression of Rubicon in tissues from aged animals contributed to reduced levels of autophagy. This reduction in autophagy may lead to progression of aging and diseases. Suppression of Rubicon led to improved age-related factors and increased lifespan in worm and fly models.
A Massachusetts General Hospital study found that international medical graduates care for Medicare patients with more complex medical needs than those cared for by domestic graduates. The report's findings have implications for immigration policies and access to primary care for the sickest Americans.
Researchers found that when compressed, cubic boron arsenide's heat conductivity improves initially but then deteriorates due to competition between different processes. This behavior has never been predicted or observed before and challenges conventional understanding of heat conduction.
Researchers developed a novel gene therapy approach that utilizes engineered transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to suppress nonsense mutations. This technology has the potential to correct 10-15% of inherited genetic diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki found that allergen immunotherapy reduces symptom scores and alters nasal epithelial transcriptome in patients with allergic rhinitis. The study also showed improved diversity of the nasal microbiome in response to treatment.
A new study from the University of Kent found no association between countries with tougher policies and lower rates of teenage cannabis use. Despite calls for harsher penalties, the research suggests that cannabis policy liberalization is not linked to reduced adolescent cannabis use.
Research suggests the cervical microbiome influences HPV infection, with a richer microbial mix found in high-grade lesions. Mycoplasma bacteria may promote HPV-related lesion growth.
A researcher at Georgia State University is studying how dietary fiber can protect against diabetes and other metabolic disorders. The study aims to develop new strategies to maintain a healthy gut-microbiota relationship, which could enable safe treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
A study by University of Colorado Denver researchers found an association between marijuana dispensaries and increases in neighborhood crime and disorder rates, with strongest associations weakening over time. The study suggests that dispensaries may be a factor in crime spikes following legalization.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have discovered an enzyme and biochemical pathway that can be inhibited in Alzheimer's disease to decrease amyloid production. This target is also found in anti-cancer therapies, highlighting the potential for a disease-modifying pill.
The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation has selected 126 U.S. and Canadian researchers as the recipients of the 2019 Sloan Research Fellowships. These fellowships recognize early-career scholars whose achievements mark them as among the most promising researchers in their fields.
Researchers from University of the Arts Helsinki recommend incorporating dance into schools' curriculum to boost cognitive performance, social interaction, and group cohesion among children. The study highlights dance as a valuable tool for learning, especially for children with kinaesthetic and creative learning styles.
Research at Georgia State University found that Muslim-perpetrated terror attacks receive significantly more media attention, highlighting a serious imbalance in news coverage. The study also identified other factors driving coverage, including arrests and government targets.