Researchers found a way to reconstruct these indigenous communication networks, showing how they laid the groundwork for Native American political systems. The analysis utilizes sophisticated social network analysis to map social and political connections between dozens of Native American villages.
A new smartphone-based tobacco cessation study aims to help smokers quit using a tailored messaging system that predicts when they are most likely to relapse. The app, called Smart-T, has shown promising results in previous studies, with 22% of participants quitting smoking compared to 15% in other groups.
Researchers at Duke University found that a single CRISPR treatment can safely correct genetic disease for over a year, despite immune responses. The study suggests approaches to address potential challenges and potentially deliver the therapy to infants or restrict Cas9 expression.
Researchers have discovered chiral surface excitons, particles that spin like planets and annihilate each other on the surface of solids, emitting photoluminescence. The finding has potential applications for devices such as solar cells and electronic displays.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine published a clinical practice guideline for the use of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. The guideline provides nine recommendations, including the use of PAP therapy as a first-line treatment for OSA in adults with excessive sleepiness.
New research using compound-specific isotope analysis reveals that Neandertals had a predominantly carnivorous diet, primarily consisting of large herbivores. The study also sheds light on the possibility of late weaning and cannibalism in Neandertal populations.
A new study by Bioversity International shows that crowdsourced citizen science can improve and accelerate crop variety recommendations, enabling farmers to adapt to climate change. The approach, called tricot, uses farmer-generated data to generate recommendations that are representative of local conditions.
A $1.3 million grant will lead a multi-continent exploration of the epistemology of religion, connecting Latin American philosophers with colleagues from North America and Europe. Scholars from diverse perspectives will engage in discussions on the evidence for religious beliefs and the rationality of traditions.
A study of 1,625 brain tissue samples found Hispanic-American patients with Alzheimer's disease lived an average of 12 years from symptom onset, compared to 9 and 8 years for non-Hispanic whites and African-Americans. The research also identified subtle differences in the severity of Alzheimer's-related protein clumps among ethnoracial...
Nano-droplets play a crucial role in controlling the formation of membranes, a process that can be manipulated to create new nanomedicines. This discovery has significant implications for the development of targeted cancer treatments by encapsulating medicines in liposomes.
Researchers at EPFL developed a photoelectrocatalytic arene C-H amination method, producing pharmaceutical molecules like metaxalone and benzethonium chloride. Hematite semiconductor is used as a catalyst under visible light, offering a low-cost and energy-efficient alternative to traditional methods.
Researchers developed a new protocol to identify febrile infants under 60 days old who are at low risk of serious bacterial infections. The study showed that using simple laboratory tests, such as urinalysis and blood cell count, can confidently exclude these cases, reducing unnecessary invasive procedures and hospitalizations.
Researchers found a promising new treatment for small cell lung cancer by combining immune checkpoint blockade with targeted therapies that block DNA damage repair. This combination achieved significant tumor regression in mouse models, suggesting potential benefits for patients.
Climate change is causing fishing communities to adapt by changing their fishing locations and strategies. Large North Carolina-based trawl vessels are now sailing 250 miles north to catch summer flounder and Atlantic croaker off the coast of New Jersey.
Researchers identify neuromelanin-sensitive MRI as a potential biomarker for psychosis, finding associations with dopamine function and severity of symptoms. The study uses NM-MRI signal to measure regional variations in neuromelanin concentration, reflecting dopamine activity.
A recent study published in PNAS reveals that specialized lung cells appear early in fetal development, potentially offering future opportunities to treat lung damage caused by prematurity. The research team investigated the fetal signaling pathways active in these cells and found that they begin their specialized roles very early in p...
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center study found that using bag-mask ventilation during tracheal intubation improves outcomes and reduces the rate of severely low oxygen levels in half. The procedure, which involves squeezing air from a bag into the mouth for 60 seconds, is now being routinely used at the hospital.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have reported significant progress in treating aggressive brain tumors like glioblastoma. Combination chemotherapy with CCNU and temozolomide significantly prolongs patients' survival time, with a notable benefit for those with methylated MGMT promoter.
Researchers at Michigan State University used machine learning to sort through tens of thousands of plant genes and identify those responsible for producing specialized metabolites. This breakthrough could lead to improved plants, plant-based pharmaceuticals, and environmentally safe pesticides.
A newly discovered species of marsupial, Unnuakomys hutchisoni, lived in Alaska's Arctic during the late Cretaceous Period, adding to the diversity of ancient life. The tiny animal, about thumb-sized, survived on insects and plants, and was found among a unique variety of dinosaurs and other animals.
Researchers found that antibiotic resistance genes are transferred between bacteria through viruses and transposons, leading to a fast distribution of resistance genes. This challenges the long-held assumption that only plasmids facilitate gene exchange.
Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have developed the first fully kinetic model of plasma behavior, demonstrating that fast magnetic reconnection can occur in partially ionized systems. This finding has implications for understanding auroras and the formation of stars.
A study in male rats found that a subset of hippocampal neurons respond to both place and taste stimuli. The results suggest the hippocampus overlays existing mental maps with information about reward and hazard derived from food locations.
Researchers at CNIC identified a very early marker of cardiac damage in patients undergoing anthracycline therapy, allowing for early diagnosis and potential prevention of irreversible damage. The discovery has implications for patient prognosis and may lead to new therapies based on mitochondrial transplantation.
Scientists found that activating SIRT1 gene helps to excite neurons and improves symptoms of social isolation and loss of interest in male mice. The study suggests that drugs that activate SIRT1 might be effective therapy for some with major depression.
Jia Rao, a UTA researcher, is working on redesigning abstractions in virtualized systems to improve efficiency. Current virtualization systems face issues with performance, cost-effectiveness, and predictability due to semantic gaps between levels of abstraction.
Scientists discovered grasses are genetically modifying themselves by taking genes from neighbors, gaining a competitive advantage and breaking the rules of evolution. This process, called lateral gene transfer, allows them to adapt to their environment without millions of years of natural selection.
Research at the University of Birmingham reveals that young forests are a substantial contributor to the world's carbon sink, accounting for around 25% of total carbon dioxide absorption. These forests, typically in temperate zones, have been re-growing on land with previously experienced human activities.
Researchers discovered a crucial developmental period in male sperm development that enables fathers to pass on genetic information. The study found that the 3D organization of DNA in maturing male reproductive cells is necessary for fertility, with potential implications for reproductive health problems.
Research found that patients taking furosemide diuretic who also take prescription potassium supplements experience a 9.3% lower risk of death compared to those not taking potassium, especially during high temperatures. Further studies are needed to understand the generalizability of these findings to other patient populations.
Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Cornell University discovered that magic-size nanoclusters can change their internal structure in a single step, like molecules do during isomerization. This finding bridges the gap between small-scale molecular isomerization and large-scale phase transitions.
Researchers developed a microfluidic model of the placenta, allowing for the study of caffeine transport from mother to fetus. The model showed that some caffeine does pass through, raising questions about maternal intake and fetal exposure. Further studies aim to personalize the technology and explore effects on individual cells.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have discovered a novel role of NAD+ metabolism in promoting tumor growth and progression in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Cellular senescence, a process that stops cells from dividing, can also produce proinflammatory molecules that promote tumor growth.
Rice University physicist Kaden Hazzard has won a National Science Foundation CAREER Award to create algorithms that aim to advance the creation of novel quantum matter. He will investigate new ways to simulate states of matter at extreme cold temperatures, as close as possible to absolute zero.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a novel crystallization method to capture carbon dioxide directly from the air using neutron scattering. Additionally, geospatial scientists have created a classification model that can quickly collect and store large amounts of data from social media platforms to detect power...
A new MIT study finds that climate change is shifting the energy in the atmosphere, leading to stronger thunderstorms and more stagnant conditions. Rising global temperatures are redistributed, with more energy available for local convective processes like thunderstorms and less for larger, milder extratropical cyclones.
A new study reveals a promising therapeutic target for tuberculosis (TB) using the toxin-antitoxin system in M. tuberculosis bacteria. Activating this system can trigger cell death and slow down bacterial growth, offering hope for developing new treatments.
The X-Arapuca is an enhanced version of the light detector developed by Brazilian researchers, providing greater efficiency and introducing minor modifications. The device will be installed in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a project searching to discover new properties of neutrinos.
Dr. Ana C. Alba-Rubio creates a dual-function material that captures and transforms carbon dioxide into methanol and higher alcohols, producing electricity with minimal energy requirement, corrosion, and transportation issues.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a miniature 28 GHz transceiver integrating beamforming and dual-polarized MIMO technology. The device achieved a maximum data rate of 15 Gb/s, surpassing previous models by 25 percent.
A new study by the University of Exeter found that men and women value ecosystem services differently, with implications for sustainable development goals. The research, led by Professor Katrina Brown, identified how cultural and traditional gender roles influence resource use and management.
A new study in mice reveals that sociable personalities attenuate neuropathic pain, while anxiety intensifies it. High expression of genes IL6 and PDYN in the amygdala correlates with increased pain sensitivity.
Researchers develop a new assay to measure the eco-evolutionary interactions between sensitive and resistant tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer. The study finds that by applying drug or eliminating fibroblasts, it is possible to 'treat the game', allowing for coopting of evolution to help patients
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have discovered that specialized lung cells emerge early in fetal development, contributing to prematurity-related lung injuries. The study reveals the role of signaling pathways in shaping these cells and paves the way for future therapeutic interventions.
A new study by Rutgers researchers found that programs to prevent HIV in transgender women are helping lower the rate of new infections. The study also highlighted the need for better care and treatment, particularly among those with lower incomes or from diverse backgrounds.
A team of scientists at Houston Methodist has identified a previously unknown trigger that turns group A streptococcus infections into flesh-eating diseases. The discovery may lead to the development of a childbed fever vaccine, which is estimated to cause 10% of maternal deaths globally.
A new study led by the University of Birmingham found that biodiversity on land has been stable for at least 60 million years, contrary to previous assumptions. The research analyzed fossil data from thousands of sites and found that interactions between species limit the number of species that can co-exist.
Scientists have introduced a new efficient synthetic route for marine antitumor agents trabectedin and lurbinectedin. The synthesis consists of 26 individual steps and uses a light-controlled activation mechanism to produce the complex drugs in sufficient quantities.
A study by Duke University found that children living in homes with vinyl flooring or flame-retardant sofa foam have significantly higher concentrations of potentially harmful toxins in their bodies. The researchers discovered a six-fold increase in PBDEs in the blood serum of children from homes with flame-retardant sofa foam.
Researchers from University of Colorado at Boulder found that daily household activities like cooking and cleaning release high levels of airborne chemicals, contributing to indoor and outdoor air quality. The study highlights the importance of proper ventilation in homes to minimize health impacts.
A cross-disciplinary study examines humans' interactions with plant and animal species across different cultures worldwide through time. The researchers found that humans can have a stabilizing effect on their ecosystems by providing ecosystem services such as lighting fires, while also playing a destructive role in other cases.
A new study by Cancer Research UK found that smokers with melanoma are 40% less likely to survive than non-smokers. Researchers believe smoking may disrupt the immune system's ability to fight cancer.
Researchers discover that virus-infected bacteria can produce new viruses to attack their original invader, a form of resistance previously unknown. This competitive interaction helps stabilize microbial populations in marine systems, crucial for biogeochemical processes related to climate change.
Research suggests that indigenous hunters play a crucial role in maintaining food webs in the Australian desert. The absence of human activity allowed invasive species to flourish, leading to extinctions of native animals. Traditional landscape burning practices also had a significant impact on the ecosystem.
Researchers at Northwestern University are developing a predictive model to help NASA assemble ideal teams for the Mission to Mars. The study, conducted in two analog environments, reveals that crews experience diminished abilities to think creatively and solve problems, with successful task completion rates between 20-60%.
For patients with stable ischemic heart disease, aggressive risk factor modification and optimized medical management are crucial. Novel agents like ivabradine improve treatment options for symptom control in patients unresponsive to current treatments.
The Crowther Lab's research uses global datasets to understand the global forest system and identify regions of high priority for biodiversity conservation. They find that warming soil will lead to increased carbon emissions, particularly in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, threatening climate change mitigation efforts.
The Partisan Climate Opinion Maps reveal new data on how Republican and Democratic climate and energy opinions vary across all 50 states and 435 congressional districts. The maps show substantial heterogeneity in climate opinions despite US partisan polarization.
Scientists have developed new metasurfaces that can manipulate reflected light and sound waves with high efficiency. These artificial structures use periodic arrangements of meta-atoms to engineer the direction of reflected waves, breaking classical laws of reflection.
Researchers can create synthetic networks that satisfy differential privacy requirements, enabling broader sharing of confidential data for scientific discovery. These altered datasets capture most statistical features from the original network, making them suitable for various researchers.