Researchers have developed a hybrid material combining molybdenum disulfide and azobenzene that exhibits unique optical and transport properties. The structure makes the material attractive for building compactable and malleable quasi-two-dimensional transistors powered by light.
A team of researchers from Kanazawa University has made a breakthrough in improving the efficiency of metal halide perovskite-type solar cells by layering different mineral forms of titanium oxide. The new approach, which combines anatase and brookite layers, enhances electron transport and reduces recombination, leading to increased s...
A recent study published in Preventing Chronic Disease found that immigrant Asian American women are at a higher risk for breast cancer compared to their U.S.-born counterparts. The researchers discovered that those who had immigrated and lived in the U.S. for more than 50% of their lives were three times as likely to have breast cancer.
Researchers discovered areas within the motor cortex responsible for muscle control and rapid sensorimotor transformations required for vocal interactions in Alston's singing mice. The study's findings suggest that effective vocal communication may rely on functional separation of sound generation and timing functions.
A new study found that a home-visiting intervention for parents of maltreated children significantly improved their children's compliance at age 3. The intervention increased parents' sensitivity, which partially mediated the effect on child behavior.
Researchers used environmental DNA to track Japanese eel populations in 10 rivers, detecting 91.8% of confirmed locations and providing insights into abundance and biomass estimation. This non-lethal method is ideal for monitoring endangered species, including invasive foreign eels.
A large-scale observational study found no association between conceiving within a year of stillbirth and increased risk of stillbirth, preterm birth, or small-for-gestational-age birth in the following pregnancy. The study included nearly 14,500 births from Australia, Finland, and Norway.
A new wireless system overcomes limitations of traditional systems by using ultrathin sensors and wirelessly streaming vital sign data. This approach enables parents to have skin-to-skin contact with preterm or sick newborns, a crucial aspect of clinical care.
A study comparing 3D digital breast tomosynthesis and 2D digital mammography screening found that DBT was associated with improved detection of invasive cancers, particularly among younger women. The findings suggest a potential benefit of DBT in reducing false positives and improving overall cancer detection rates.
Researchers have found a way to exploit multicore fiber technology to solve the encryption problem in secure data transmission. The approach uses dedicated cores of a multicore fiber to avoid noise generated by core-to-core crosstalk, allowing for up to 341 QKD channels.
A study found that polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are the most abundant types of microplastics in Mediterranean coastal waters. The researchers identified extreme concentrations up to 500,000 microplastics per square kilometer in certain areas.
Research highlights psychosocial stress and its impact on cardiovascular disease in women, particularly younger women and ethnic minorities. The unpredictability schema may contribute to heightened CVD risk in women, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies.
Children's Hospital Los Angeles has been awarded a grant to adapt a patient-driven model of care that increases treatment compliance among difficult-to-reach populations, particularly adolescents with diabetes. The goal is to improve the quality of life and manage diabetes effectively in young adults.
Researchers found that controlled stress in adolescence attenuates HPA axis activation in adulthood, reducing motor impulsivity and increasing dopamine type 2 receptors. Uncontrollable stress, however, increases impulsivity and cognitive inflexibility.
Researchers at UMass Medical School have developed a technology that allows mammals to see infrared light using nanoantennae injections. The temporary vision enhancement enables animals to perceive near-infrared patterns and shapes without interfering with their visible light ability.
UD researchers study how unexploded munitions move in muddy estuaries, discovering they don't move horizontally despite intense storms. The team used fabricated munition surrogates with sensors to track movement, finding smaller munitions were buried or stuck in scour pits.
Scientists have developed a nanotechnology that enables mice to see infrared light, opening the door for potential applications in civilian encryption, security, and military operations. The technology involves injecting nanoparticles into the mouse's eyes, which capture infrared wavelengths and emit shorter visible light wavelengths.
A team of researchers discovered a way to make glioblastoma brain tumors more sensitive to radiation by blocking the activity of a specific protein, PTEN. This breakthrough could lead to improved treatment prospects for patients with this aggressive form of brain cancer.
A Southwest Research Institute-led team of scientists have discovered a lack of very small Kuiper Belt objects with crater counts on Pluto's satellite Charon indicating fewer impactors smaller than 1 mile in diameter than predicted. This finding has deep implications for our understanding of the solar system's origin and evolution.
The Ecological Society of America's Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment journal publishes research on parasites hidden in museum specimens that can teach us about past and present diseases. A review reveals non-native species contribute to more plant and animal extinctions than native species.
Researchers at UC Riverside have identified a regulatory genetic mechanism in plants that enables them to fight bacterial infections. The Argonaute protein is controlled by post-translational modification during bacterial infection, allowing plants to regulate their immune response.
A new Duke University study reveals that overweight individuals who tracked their daily food intake using a free smartphone app lost a significant amount of weight. The results showed that participants who consistently tracked their food and weight lost the most weight, highlighting the importance of compliance in successful weight loss.
Researchers developed a new technique called GOTI to evaluate genome-editing tool safety, improving detection sensitivity and accuracy. The method detected off-target effects in CRISPR/Cas9 and base editors, raising concerns about emerging technologies' unpredictable risks.
Researchers studying Alston's singing mouse found a brain circuit that enables fast back-and-forth conversation, like human talking. The motor cortex is necessary for vocal interaction, and separate circuits enable rapid starts and stops.
Scientists use confocal Raman spectroscopy to study silicate glass corrosion in real time, discovering that silica molecules form aggregates near the surface, forming an opal-like layer. This layer does not provide perfect protection against water, allowing the corrosion process to continue.
A study by Bocconi University found that a new sanitation system reduced healthcare-associated infections by 52% and drug consumption by 60.3%, resulting in a 75.4% decrease in related costs. The system, which uses ecologically sustainable probiotic-based detergents, also led to an 83% decrease in detected pathogens on hospital surfaces.
The Manaro Voui volcano in Vanuatu released the largest amount of sulfur dioxide in 2018, with 400k tons during its most active phase in July. The eruption had devastating effects, including acid rain and destruction of homes.
The Goethe University co-ordinates a mega-project on cybersecurity and data protection, with a total grant of €16 million. The project aims to establish international standards in cybersecurity and boost the effectiveness of Europe's security capacities.
Researchers tracked a new RNA pesticide in soils and found it degrades through enzymes and microbes, but also attaches to soil particles, slowing breakdown. The extent of this protection varies by soil type.
Researchers mapped scars on Pluto and Charon to determine size distribution of small Kuiper belt objects, revealing a lack of craters smaller than 13 km in diameter. This finding suggests that constituent objects may have survived intact since the Solar System's earliest days.
Researchers found that weekend recovery sleep does not reverse sleep loss-induced disruptions of metabolism. Insufficient sleep still leads to increased snacking, weight gain, and decreased insulin sensitivity, even after a weekend of extra sleep.
A Vanderbilt University team developed an atlas of lipid structures using ion mobility-mass spectrometry, narrowing the possibilities for identifying lipids. The atlas holds key to early diagnosis of many disorders by mapping out lipid shapes.
Global warming is causing a rise in sea travel through the Arctic, posing risks to naval vessels due to extreme cold. Professor Tan and his team are researching composite materials to improve their strength and integrity at low temperatures.
Researchers found that adults born with mild congenital heart defects are 13 times more likely to develop heart failure or atrial fibrillation and five times more likely to have a stroke. A heart-healthy lifestyle can reduce this risk, but the exact reasons behind these increased risks remain unclear.
A study of dengue fever's economic burden in Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Cambodia found high costs for patients in African countries. The average cost of inpatient care was $26 in Burkina Faso and $134 in Cambodia.
A study using high-resolution MRI scans found that protein content in glioma tumors is associated with treatment response and patient survival. The research suggests that assessing tumor protein levels could help choose the best possible treatment strategy for patients.
A new study published in Body Image found that higher interoceptive awareness, as measured through mindfulness practices, is associated with more positive body image. The research suggests that individuals who can better tune into their internal bodily signals are less likely to experience negative self-image.
Researchers at Lobachevsky University studied the thermodynamic and structural properties of hevein, a protein with antimicrobial activity. The study revealed a phase transition at 222.8 K, which may lead to the development of new resistant crops and medicines.
Research found that sleeping in on weekends doesn't lastingly improve health measures, and even short-term recovery is disrupted by returning to poor sleep habits. The study suggests that consistency matters for getting sufficient sleep and minimizing the risk of obesity and diabetes.
Researchers discovered lipid-filled particles (AdExos) released by adipocytes in mice that activate immune function and regulate metabolism. AdExos control the development of immune cells, inducing bone marrow cells to develop into macrophages that digest lipids.
A new study forecasts changes in fisheries productivity due to ocean warming, with some species expected to thrive and others decline. The research evaluated 235 marine species and found that temperature-driven changes will affect different species differently.
Ugur Sahin received the 2019 German Cancer Award for his pioneering research on individualized cancer immunotherapies. He is developing technologies to identify and exploit unique cancer characteristics to guide the immune system against specific tumors.
A new study reveals that despite export bans and international regulations, the global seahorse trade continues to thrive through illegal channels. The research found that 95% of dried seahorses sold in Hong Kong's large market came from source countries with export bans in place.
A University of Michigan-led team of biologists has documented 15 rare and disturbing predator-prey interactions in the Amazon rainforest, including images of tarantulas dragging opossums across the forest floor. The study highlights the importance of arthropods like spiders as a source of vertebrate mortality in tropical ecosystems.
Case notes made by healthcare professionals can predict impending seclusion in psychiatric patients, according to a new study. The research found that longer and more emotional notes were associated with increased risk of seclusion, highlighting the importance of integrating subjective perceptions into electronic documentation.
A study found that automated programs can identify sepsis in sick infants hours before clinicians recognize it, offering potential for improved clinical outcomes. Machine-learning models analyzed patient data from electronic health records to predict which infants had sepsis.
Researchers at University of Tsukuba identified a gene controlling how legume roots form symbioses with rhizobia bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. The study reveals the role of this gene in establishing complex plant-microbe interactions, essential for plant nutrition.
Research reveals distinct brain regions process concrete and abstract word meanings separately, with a network of areas working together in different languages. The findings provide new insights into how our brains represent word-meaning structure.
Researchers are developing a new material that delivers drugs directly to damaged heart tissue, preserving the structural support network and preventing further damage. The gel will slowly release the drugs over four weeks, promoting blood vessel creation and enzyme inhibition.
A new study suggests that moderate alcohol consumption has health benefits, particularly for older adults. Researchers found that younger people are more likely to die from alcohol-related causes than they are to benefit from drinking, while older individuals tend to experience the health benefits often mentioned in news stories.
A new technique uses Liebig's Law to improve estimates of historical temperature and rainfall from tree rings. The method selects trees that were growing well, linking their growth to the climate they experienced, resulting in more precise measurements.
Researchers found genetic evidence of malaria's emergence in Sub-Saharan Africa dating back to at least 20,000 years ago. The study challenges the long-held assumption that agriculture led to the spread of malaria.
A recent study published in BioScience analyzed international food trade data from 1986 to 2010 to assess its impact on equitable access to food. The researchers found that trade plays a significant role in distributing food more equitably across the planet.
A study published in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology found that patients in Northern Ontario had higher hospital readmission rates for heart conditions, despite similar survival rates at 30 days. The researchers suggest providing timely transitional care and improving access to specialist care as key strategies to reduce readmissions.
Gene activity in defenders reflects origin of attacking slavemakers, with successful invaders triggering weaker defenses. Researchers found that host ants react aggressively to rare slave-makers and not to common ones, highlighting the complex co-evolutionary relationship between parasites and their hosts.
New research from Brown University shows how Candida albicans fungus can adapt to different host environments. The study found that patient samples of the fungus frequently lack one copy of a gene that serves as a vital master regulator, allowing cells to switch phenotype and thrive in various environments.
NASA's Aqua satellite captures visible image of Tropical Cyclone Pola, revealing a developing eye. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center expects the storm to weaken and transition into an extra-tropical storm.
A US-funded program aimed at reducing childbirth complications in Indonesia has prompted more efficient care, leading to significant reductions in maternal and newborn mortality. The Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival (EMAS) initiative improved quality of emergency obstetric and newborn care and referrals, resulting in a 50% decr...
Researchers have found a smoking gun linking a young exoplanet's misaligned orbit to a close stellar flyby. The study, published in the Astronomical Journal, suggests that such encounters can reshape planetary systems and determine their ability to harbor stable orbits.
New research confirms that drastic changes in ocean salinity can cause 'freshwater bleaching' of coral reefs, leading to cell function collapse. The study found corals sensitive to slight changes, with nearshore reefs exposed to half normal ocean salinity causing a shock response preventing normal cell function.