Researchers at UTSA are working on new accident tolerant fuels (ATFs) that will limit overheating and reduce the risk of radioactive leaks. The goal is to replace conventional fuel with a more durable material, enabling nuclear plants to better withstand accidents.
A new research centre will focus on biological hair follicle research, developing innovative scalp cooling treatments and individual 3D-printed cooling caps. The centre aims to become a global leader in scalp cooling and hair follicle research.
A free software platform called Photo Sleuth uses crowdsourcing to identify faces in Civil War-era photos, with over 85% of proposed identifications being correct. The database now contains over 4,000 registered users and more than 8,000 photos, making it a valuable tool for historians and genealogists.
Researchers found that delaying or withholding antibiotics for older adults with urinary tract infections increases the risk of bloodstream infections and death. Immediate antibiotic treatment is recommended for this vulnerable group due to their increased susceptibility to sepsis following UTI.
Research suggests that infants as young as six months old can detect anger in their mothers' voices and respond with increased brain activity. Maternal interactions also play a crucial role in shaping the infant's brain response to angry vocalizations.
A team of researchers has identified biomarkers in the blood that can predict the accumulation of toxic fats in the liver, a sign of early fatty liver disease. The discovery has the potential to lead to a blood test to detect those at risk of advanced fatty liver disease and could represent a new approach in precision medicine.
A study published in Nature reveals that bone growth in mice follows the same principles as cell production in blood and other tissues. The discovery suggests that bone growth may be more dynamic than previously thought, with cells generated from a stem-cell like progenitor cell.
Researchers have developed biocompatible ion-driven transistors that can record high-quality neural signals, suitable for advanced data processing. The transistors' channel is made from fully biocompatible materials, enabling efficient communication with neural signals.
This CVIA special issue addresses the #1 threat to women's health, cardiovascular disease, with a focus on overlooked topics and fresh perspectives. Key findings include novel imaging modalities for diagnosing stable ischemic heart disease in women and psychosocial stressors uniquely affecting female cardiovascular risk.
Researchers discovered that freshwater bacteria grow faster in daylight and use blue light absorption mechanisms to regulate growth. The study suggests that these bacteria have special genes that allow them to sense light and adjust their metabolism accordingly.
A new Prediction Risk Score developed by researchers predicts suicidal behavior more accurately than psychiatric diagnoses alone. The score combines factors such as depressive symptom severity, variability, and childhood abuse to identify high-risk individuals.
Research found that mule deer shift to higher, steeper elevations away from roads and toward brushy terrain when faced with wolves. White-tailed deer stick to normal behavior, sprinting across open terrain with good visibility. The changes may affect hunting opportunities and ecosystem dynamics.
A study published in Journal for Nurses in Professional Development found that Transcendental Meditation reduced compassion fatigue and burnout in 27 nurses by 9.2% and 18%, respectively. After four months of practice, the nurses experienced a 16.9% increase in resilience.
Engineers at MIT and Penn State University developed a model predicting the color of droplets given specific structural and optical conditions. The team found that total internal reflection allows hemispherical droplets to produce color through interference effects, which are stronger in small droplets.
Negative-emission technologies (NETs) that capture carbon dioxide from the air could address about 30% of needed reductions in carbon-dioxide emissions. Scientists estimate that NETs face challenges on cost-effectiveness and disposal methods.
A lab study found that a substance called Emapunil alleviated motor disorders in mice, potentially slowing down Parkinson's disease progression. The compound targets microglia and TSPO, a molecular receptor involved in neurodegeneration.
Scientists successfully demonstrated that electroencephalography can be used to accurately study activity in the deep areas of the brain. This breakthrough technique may lead to better understanding and treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
A study by Stockholm University reveals that biomass burning from neighboring regions exceeds fossil fuel emissions in New Delhi during the fall and winter. The researchers found high levels of black carbon aerosols in the city, posing a significant threat to human health.
A team of researchers from the University of Illinois has discovered that a giant sloth found in Belize, which lived around 27,000 years ago, had a diverse diet that shifted between wet and dry seasons. The study reveals that the creature adapted to its environment by relying on plants more available during dry periods.
Scientists at Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research investigate energy requirements and travel speeds of migrating Nathusius' bats. Bats are found to travel at the speed where their range reaches a maximum, enabling them to cover long distances with minimal energy expenditure.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that axons use a 'battering ram' approach to enter the spinal cord wall during early development, contradicting a widely-held hypothesis. This discovery could lead to new strategies for repairing brachial plexus injuries and regenerative therapies.
A new survey of 929 GPs found that workload is the most significant issue, with 51% reporting longer hours than in 2014. The survey also revealed a worsening crisis in general practice, with many GPs feeling demoralized and looking towards retirement or reducing their hours.
A simple method to measure continuity of care has been developed, showing benefits for patients, including lower mortality rates. The new St Leonards Index tracks continuity on a monthly basis in practices with personal patient list systems, aiming to help GPs improve continuity and patient care.
University of Guelph researchers found that environmental cues activate brain areas where memories are processed, making it difficult to counter addiction. This study could have implications for treating drug addiction in humans.
Researchers at Washington University have developed a new method for precise drug delivery using cavitation dose painting, which combines focused ultrasound with ultrasound therapy to target specific locations in the body. This technique uses passive cavitation imaging to predict where a drug goes and how much is delivered.
A plant-based meal has been shown to increase the postprandial secretion of insulin and incretin hormones, particularly GLP-1, in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This improvement in beta-cell function parameters suggests a potential solution for managing and treating the condition.
A new study found that babies sleeping less at three months old are more likely to have mothers without a university degree or experience prenatal depression. The researchers analyzed data from over 600 infants and their mothers, revealing that maternal education and prenatal depression significantly impact infant sleep duration.
Researchers have successfully determined the crystal structure of the human type 2 cannabinoid receptor, enabling the design of more efficient drugs targeting this receptor or both CB1 and CB2 receptors.
A researcher at Georgia State University has received a $3.86 million grant to develop a universal flu vaccine using a microneedle patch that can protect against any strain of the influenza virus. The vaccine aims to induce strong cross-immune protection and overcomes seasonal flu limitations, which have been ineffective in recent years.
Researchers have identified baseline characteristics that predict moderate-to-severe psychiatric adverse events in smokers using smoking cessation drugs. Existing anxiety, suicidal ideation, and white race are key predictors across all three frontline medications.
A Rutgers study found that young adults who engage in non-suicidal self-injury intentionally inflict physical injury to elicit pain and relieve emotional distress. The researchers discovered that participants with high negative emotions and less pain during injuries were more likely to repeat the behavior.
Researchers have developed guidelines for accurately dating ancient clam gardens, revealing that Indigenous peoples on the Northwest coast have been harvesting shellfish for at least 3,500 years. The study provides new methods for tracking mariculture trends through time, supporting long-term food security practices.
A new microscope developed by Purdue University researchers uses phase-contrast microscopy to gather detailed information about molecules and membranes, enabling better testing of drugs and understanding of biological processes.
A study of 241 high-risk families found that mothers who took prenatal vitamins during the first month of pregnancy had a lower ASD recurrence rate compared to those who didn't. The proportion of children with ASD was 14.1% among vitamin-takers versus 32.7% among non-users.
Researchers found that psychological distress dropped and life satisfaction increased after the U.S. Supreme Court ruling, with improvements felt regardless of marital status. The study also showed that those who were more distressed before the ruling experienced greater improvement afterwards.
Typhoon Wutip has lost its eye and elongated due to wind shear, with maximum sustained winds decreasing to 90 mph. The storm is forecast to continue weakening over the next few days, becoming a depression in a day or two.
A study published in EMBO Journal has discovered the key aspect of regulating telomeres, which are protective caps at the end of chromosomes. The research team found that the protein complex CST is responsible for maintaining telomeres, and a chemical modification regulates its S component, allowing telomere duplication and elongation.
Researchers have fabricated a film using DuPont Kevlar fibers and polyethylene glycol that absorbs heat and releases it slowly, making objects invisible to thermal cameras. The composite film performs comparably to other stealth films but is simpler and cheaper to make.
A NYU study has identified medication management challenges faced by home health care providers, including communication breakdowns and fragmented systems of care. The researchers found that medication errors, such as taking the wrong drug or dose, were common among high-risk patients living alone.
A new study predicts the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in the summer as early as 2030, with climate models suggesting a shift towards an ice-free Arctic on the earlier side of forecasts. The study used long-term temperature cycles in the tropical Pacific to narrow the uncertainty range of when the first ice-free Arctic summer will occur.
Researchers discovered a new species of bacterium, Chryseobacterium nematophagum, that can digest roundworm parasites from the inside out. The bacteria produce specific enzymes that break down chitin and collagen, making them effective against various parasitic nematodes.
Scientists from EPFL used directed evolution to modify DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes, creating nanoparticles that emit stronger optical signals. After only two cycles of evolution, they achieved a 56% increase in signal strength.
Researchers at the La Jolla Institute of Immunology have identified Nr4a transcription factors as a key regulator of T cell exhaustion in solid tumors. By deleting these proteins from CAR T cells, mice with tumors showed improved survival and tumor regression, offering new hope for effective cancer immunotherapies.
Researchers estimate 6856 arthropod species in soil samples, adding over 2500 new DNA sequences to GenBank. Traditional field methods combined with DNA sequencing reveal diverse insect and beetle populations on Hauturu Island.
Research published in The Journal of Physiology suggests that exercise may play a role in inhibiting the growth of colon cancer cells. After high-intensity interval training (HIIT), growth was reduced and inflammation increased, indicating a potential anti-cancer effect. This study highlights the importance of regular physical activity...
Researchers found no significant difference in breastfeeding duration between early-term and full-term infants, suggesting that healthy premature babies can have successful breastfeeding outcomes. The study included 2,700 pairs of mothers and infants and monitored them from birth to 12 months or until breastfeeding ceased.
Researchers discovered that growing littoral zone species like arrow arum, blue-eyed grass, golden club, and lemon bacopa using standard containers, substrates, and controlled-release fertilizer can provide high-quality plants with good growth. These methods can benefit large-scale plant production and bolster ecosystem improvements.
A preliminary study found that professional soccer players are nearly twice as likely to develop ALS as the general population, with some developing the disease 21 years earlier than expected. The study also suggests that genetics, traumatic events, and heavy physical exercise may play a role in the increased risk.
A new study finds that shark attack rates have doubled over the past 20 years in highly populated regions like the US East Coast and Southern Australia. However, the overall risk of a shark attack is still extremely low, with one in several million chances
The project aims to analyze realistic applications of AI in medicine, exploring opportunities and challenges. This includes effective therapies against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia, as well as preventive interventions in the human germline using genome editing methods like CRISPR-Cas.
Scientists have discovered a new iron-nickel catalyst that surpasses the performance of existing nickel-iron oxide catalysts in oxygen evolution reactions. The unconventional catalyst produces an efficient electrolyzer with reduced voltage requirements.
A team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh has developed a method to trap the pathological protein TDP-43, which is linked to 97% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases. An oligonucleotide-based approach prevents TDP-43 aggregation and rescues neurons from neurodegeneration.
Researchers have found that over a quarter of all materials exhibit topological properties, which could enable faster and more energy-efficient technologies. An online catalog has been created to design new topological materials using elements from the periodic table.
Scientists are working to map and understand underwater soils, which affect commercial, recreational, and transportation activities. Data collected provides insights into soil properties and their importance in habitats and ecosystems.
Researchers have identified the world's first semi-identical twins during pregnancy using genetic testing. The Brisbane twins share only a proportion of their father's DNA, making them a unique case of sesquizygotic twins.
A team of paleontologists has discovered the oldest known frog fossils in North America, dating back to the Late Triassic period around 216 million years ago. The fossils, found in Arizona, provide new insights into the ecosystems of the time and highlight the importance of microfossil collection and analysis.
Researchers at NREL create a recycling process that upcycles PET plastic into high-value composite materials, reducing energy consumption by 57% and greenhouse gas emissions by 40%. The new material combines reclaimed PET with bio-based molecules to produce fiber-reinforced plastics.
Researchers found that early antibiotic treatment for elderly patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) reduces the risk of sepsis and death compared to delayed or no treatment. The study suggests that immediate antibiotics should be prescribed for elderly patients with UTIs, especially older men and those living in deprived areas.
Researchers at Osaka University found that activated adipocyte GRs restrict healthy fat expansion, causing metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and liver steatosis. Adipocytes are the primary sites of steroid action, contributing to the development of steroid diabetes.
Researchers have identified a new biomarker, ATOEA, that accurately detects cyanide exposure and persists in the body longer than the toxic compound. This breakthrough enables faster diagnosis and treatment of cyanide poisoning.