Test center to bring tidal technology on stream at high speed
A £2.4 million engineering research facility will test new materials within full-scale structures such as tidal blades, plane components, and bridge sections.
Science News for March 19, 2019
Simple blood test could determine preterm birth rate in low-resource countries
A mathematical model using simple blood tests and birth weight can accurately estimate gestational age without ultrasound, offering a solution to measure preterm birth rates in low-resource countries. This approach has been validated with over 1,000 pregnant women in Bangladesh and is being implemented in other countries.
It's no Fortnite, but it's helping stroke survivors move again
A new device, paired with a customized video game, helps retrain stroke survivors' arm muscles into moving more normally. Most participants experienced increased arm mobility and reduced arm stiffness, retaining function after finishing the training.
Meditation enhances social-emotional learning in middle school students
A new study found that middle school students practicing meditation as part of a Quiet Time program showed significant improvements in social-emotional competencies and psychological distress. The study demonstrated the value of such programs in enhancing social-emotional learning and mental health in middle school students.
Experts to support global companies against cyber threats
A UK consortium of cyber security experts is supporting global businesses to address cyber threats and protect against cybercrime. The project aims to develop interventions to provide guidance and support, with a focus on board decision-making and risk assessment.
New class of drugs could treat ovarian cancer
Researchers at the University of Manchester have identified a new class of drugs that can stop ovarian cancer cells from growing. The PARG inhibitors target weaknesses in DNA replication, making them sensitive to these treatments.
Dalian Coherent Light Source reveals hydroxyl super rotors from water photochemistry
Researchers at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics used the Dalian Coherent Light Source to study vacuum ultraviolet water photochemistry, identifying rotationally hot OH radicals. Highly excited 'super rotors' were observed from water photodissociation at 115.2 nm, revealing interesting dissociation mechanisms.
Study suggests why some young adults may be more likely to engage in unsafe sex
A study published in the Journal of Sex Research found that gender, sexual orientation, and relationship motivation influence condom decision-making among young adults. The research suggests that women are more likely to take risks when they have stronger relationship motivation and view their partner as having more potential.
Fishing for fun, not food: Study takes stock of recreational fishing impacts
A study suggests that policymakers must recognize the growing role of recreational fishing in affecting fish populations and aquatic ecosystems. The authors propose five suggestions for guiding reform, including integrating angling targets into management and improving monitoring to moderate impacts on fish stocks.
SourceYale School of the Environment·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMar 19, 2019
OSIRIS-REx spies on the weird, wild gravity of an asteroid
The study finds that Bennu exists in a delicate balance between two competing forces, its wild spin creating a competition between gravity and centrifugal acceleration. This balance affects the asteroid's long-term evolution and potential demise.
Across North America and the Atlantic, an enormous migration journey for a tiny songbird
A new study reveals that blackpoll warblers breed in western North America may migrate up to 12,400 miles roundtrip each year, crossing the entire continent before making a nonstop trans-ocean flight. The research provides detailed data on the species' migration routes and stopover locations.
Scientists study fish to learn how to adapt to the impacts of climate change
Researchers studied how fish adapt to rapid changes in freshwater environments and found they can react quickly when alone or in groups. The study's findings suggest that fish use cues from obstacles to find energetically-beneficial places in the flow.
Every hour 30 people are diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in the European Region
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reports that 275,000 new TB diagnoses were made in 2017, with an estimated 77,000 cases being difficult to treat. New WHO recommendations aim to improve treatment for drug-resistant TB with safer and more effective drugs.
Making xylitol and cellulose nanofibers from paper paste
Researchers at Kobe University have successfully produced xylitol and cellulose nanofibers from Kraft pulp using a modified yeast strain that displays enzymes on its cell surface. This breakthrough reduces the need for costly commercial enzymes, making the process more cost-efficient and environmentally friendly.
Go for a run or eat chocolate: A choice dictated by the cannabinoid receptors
A study by Inserm researchers found that cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors control motivation for exercise, but not chocolatey food. The findings suggest that CB1 receptors on GABAergic neurons are essential for physical activity motivation.
SourceINSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale)·JournalJCI Insight·DateMar 19, 2019
Data-driven modeling and estimation of lithium-ion battery properties
A team of Columbia professors has designed a data-driven model to predict Li-Ion battery performance, aiming to reduce error rates from five percent to one percent. The model can help extend battery life and improve electric vehicles' efficiency by predicting charge levels and identifying weak cells.
Discovery of parasitic arsenic cycle may offer glimpse of life in future, warmer oceans
A newly discovered parasitic arsenic cycle in which bacteria keep phytoplankton on an energy-sapping treadmill of nutrient detoxification may offer a glimpse into what further ocean warming will bring. This process could explain the success of SAR11 bacteria, which surpass all other plankton in numbers.
Former inmates need social supports to maintain mental health, Rutgers study says
A Rutgers study found that former inmates who receive social support have better mental health and successful reentry into society. Without such supports, men of color face significant challenges upon release from prison.
SourceRutgers University·JournalInternational Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology·DateMar 19, 2019
SwRI-led team identifies water-bearing minerals on asteroid Bennu
A Southwest Research Institute-led team discovered evidence of abundant water-bearing minerals on the surface of asteroid Bennu using OSIRIS-REx spectral data. The findings are consistent with meteorites found on Earth and provide clues to the distribution and abundance of water in the early solar system.
Undernutrition during pregnancy changes lung-specific gene expression
Researchers found that a mother's diet during pregnancy can affect the expression of genes regulating lung health in her offspring. Epigenetic changes may contribute to increased rates of lung disease, such as asthma, in children born to undernourished mothers.
Nature hits rewind
New research by McMaster behavioural scientists reveals evolution can work backwards to benefit related members of the same group. Selfless traits like sharing food and keeping watch are mathematically equivalent to decreased evolution of individually beneficial traits.
The rise and fall of Ziggy star formation and the rich dust from ancient stars
Researchers have detected a radio signal from abundant interstellar dust in MACS0416_Y1, a galaxy 13.2 billion light-years away. This discovery forces scientists to rethink the history of star formation and suggests that the galaxy experienced staggered starburst periods.
Carbon monoxide detectors could warn of extraterrestrial life
Astronomers now consider carbon monoxide as a biosignature gas that could indicate microbial life on exoplanets. Computer models reveal two scenarios where carbon monoxide accumulates in the atmospheres of living planets, including ancient Earth and habitable exoplanets around red dwarf stars.
Cricket bacteria break down lignin, highlighting ecology's utility in applied R&D
Researchers discovered a bacterium in camel crickets that breaks down lignin, opening new pathways for biofuel production and chemical manufacturing. The study highlights the value of ecosystem analysis in identifying commercially valuable microorganisms with industrial applications.
Many pet owners keen to have vegan pets, University of Guelph study finds
A survey of 3,673 dog and cat owners found that 35% of pet owners who feed their animals conventional diets are interested in switching to a plant-based diet. Many respondents also reported already feeding their pets plant-based diets, with 27% of vegans having made the switch.
BJC press notice
A recent study by Cancer Research UK reveals that African-American cancer patients with inherited red blood cell conditions are 20% more likely to experience serious adverse events. This disparity may be attributed to the rigors of therapy and the disproportionately higher incidence of these disorders in the African-American population.
Revealing the rules behind virus scaffold construction
Researchers discovered instances of epistasis, a phenomenon where two changes produce a behavior different from individual changes. This finding could impact future drug delivery and therapeutic strategies by learning the rules of virus scaffold assembly.
How hot spots of genetic variation evolved in human DNA
Researchers identified 1,148 hot spots with unusually high numbers of structural variants in the genome, including sections near genes linked to sense of smell, blood function, and immunity. The study suggests balancing selection drives adaptation and malleability of human DNA.
Smarter drug release thanks to control over encapsulation
Researchers have discovered parameters governing drug encapsulation, giving more control over the slow release of drugs in patients. This breakthrough enables fewer trial-and-error experiments in drug design, reducing side effects and facilitating personalized therapeutic treatments.
MBL receives Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Award to fund new imaging scientist
The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) has received a $17 million award from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to fund a new imaging scientist. This funding will support the development of new imaging technologies and drive biological discoveries.
Where does chronic pain begin? Scientists close in on its origins
A study by UT Dallas researchers has identified several new targets for pain treatment, revealing the source of chronic pain in humans. The study found that specialized nerve cells called dorsal root ganglia (DRG) play a key role in neuropathic pain, and genes expressed in these cells may be used to develop new analgesic drugs.
Trigger warnings do little to reduce people's distress, research shows
Trigger warnings were found to be ineffective in reducing symptoms of distress, intrusive thoughts, and avoidance among participants. The studies, involving over 1,400 participants, suggest that trigger warnings are neither helpful nor harmful.
Food safety: Dung beetles and soil bacteria reduce risk of human pathogens
Research finds that dung beetles and soil bacteria naturally suppress pathogens like E. coli, reducing foodborne illness risks on organic farms.
New report discusses role of polyphenols, found in coffee, in reducing CVD risk
A new report by ISIC suggests that polyphenols found in coffee may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Key research findings indicate that consuming polyphenols can alter cholesterol absorption and processing, as well as reduce inflammation, leading to a lower CVD prevalence.
National award for major scientific study of wound care dressings
Researchers developed an in-vitro test method to assess fluid handling properties of SAP wound dressings, improving understanding and marketing of products. The validation will aid the development of new products, increasing confidence in clinical performance.
Chicago's Large Lot Program sowing change in inner-city communities
The program allows existing property owners to buy up to two vacant residential lots on their blocks for $1 each. Residents report increased feelings of investment and pride in their community, as well as reduced crime and improved social interaction.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalLandscape and Urban Planning·DateMar 19, 2019
Health insurance associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease among aging immigrants
Research finds that aging immigrants without health insurance are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease due to lack of preventive care and socioeconomic barriers. Health insurance coverage plays a critical role in mitigating this risk, particularly among recent immigrants.
Milk or no milk? Study fills long-time knowledge gap on babies with genetic disorder
A new study found that children with Duarte galactosemia are at no greater risk of long-term developmental abnormalities than their unaffected siblings, regardless of their exposure to milk as infants. The research team studied 350 children between the ages of 6 and 12 in 13 US states.
A new first: Scientists mimic nature's self-affinity using computer simulations
Researchers have simulated surface roughness creation and fractal characteristic emergence on multiple scales. The study proposes that subsurface crack propagation drives the self-affine nature of rough surfaces, with implications for earthquake prediction and material durability.
Tiny song bird makes record migration, U of G study proves
A team of researchers from University of Guelph tracked the annual migration of blackpoll warblers, one of the fastest declining songbirds in North America. The birds migrate up to 20,000 kilometers between their breeding grounds in the central and western boreal forest and their winter home in the Amazon Basin.
Ejecting flagella could help microbes save energy during nutrient depletion
New research reveals a previously unknown mechanism for microbes to conserve energy in lean times. By ejecting their flagella, bacteria can avoid switching to a stationary phase and prevent potential leakage of cellular contents.
SCOPE project scoops $16 million EU grant
The SCOPE project aims to harness plasma energy to transform the production of fertilisers, enabling tailored production for individual environmental conditions. Successful completion could lead to small-scale, flexible fertiliser plants that can produce up to 50,000 tonnes per year.
Measuring differences in brain chemicals in people with mild memory problems
A pilot study by Johns Hopkins researchers found decreases in GABA and glutamate in people with mild cognitive impairment compared to healthy individuals. The study used strong magnets to measure multiple brain metabolites simultaneously, potentially revealing the earliest changes in brain chemistry associated with dementia.
Sleep problems during pregnancy affect glucose, may increase risk of childhood obesity
A study found that mild sleep apnea in pregnant women was associated with higher blood sugar levels and an increased risk of childhood obesity. The researchers suggest that addressing sleep apnea may help improve maternal and infant outcomes.
SourceUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus·JournalThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·DateMar 19, 2019
When development and conservation clash in the Serengeti
A new study suggests that road construction in the Serengeti could lead to increased poaching and land conversion, contradicting proponents' claims of economic growth. Local communities prefer traditional livelihood activities over new wage-earning opportunities.
Floodplain forests under threat
A recent study found that groundwater extraction is harming floodplain forests in Europe by reducing tree growth and increasing drought sensitivity. The research suggests that adapting to climate change requires reducing groundwater extraction, not increasing it, to protect these critical ecosystems.
Different bacteria use same cell surface molecule to invade tissue and promote infection
A new study identifies CD40 as a key entry point for two dangerous bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Blocking the interaction between CD40 and superantigens may represent a universal strategy for preventing life-threatening illnesses.
Human diet changes influenced consonant prevalence distribution in languages
Researchers analyzed 2,400 languages to understand how human diets impact consonant prevalence. A biomechanical model revealed that a shift from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies led to changes in bite configuration and labiodental sound distribution.
NASA's Fermi Satellite clocks 'cannonball' pulsar speeding through space
Astronomers found a pulsar hurtling through space at nearly 2.5 million miles an hour, faster than 99% of those with measured speeds. The discovery sheds light on how supernova explosions can accelerate neutron stars to high speeds.
Epigenetic protein could be new therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia
Researchers found that EZH2 delays AML development but facilitates tumor growth once established. Inhibiting EZH2 prolongs animal survival, prevents AML cell growth, and has therapeutic potential for treating the blood cancer. The study highlights a dual role of EZH2 in AML.
Study explaining side effects of statins finds drug can have unexpected benefits
Researchers at UToledo discovered that statins can suppress a biological process disrupting cardiac function, potentially altering bodily functions controlled by G protein-coupled receptors. Statins also reduce the ability of migratory cells, such as cancer and immune cells, to travel.
Study shows IPCC is underselling climate change
A new study found that the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report underestimated the threats of climate change by overemphasizing uncertainty. The report suggests that the agency's language is too cautious, hiding the true extent of human impact on the environment.
Even low doses of synthetic cannabinoids can impair cognitive performance
A new study found that inhaled doses as little as 2 mg of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 can significantly impair cognitive function. The study also revealed that mixtures of synthetic cannabinoids can lead to serious adverse effects.
SourceMary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News·JournalCannabis and Cannabinoid Research·DateMar 19, 2019
Speeding the development of fusion power to create unlimited energy on Earth
Physicist Jon Menard's study examines the potential of compact tokamaks with high-temperature superconducting magnets to produce fusion reactions. The findings suggest that lower aspect ratios could improve plasma stability and confinement, but also require new techniques to produce initial plasma current.
SourceDOE/Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory·JournalPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (A )·DateMar 19, 2019
Study finds natural selection favors cheaters
Research found that natural selection favors cheating rhizobia that provide fewer benefits to their host plants, destabilizing mutualisms. The study suggests that beneficial bacteria services vary in natural systems and can be exploited by cheater strains.
Have microscope, will travel: New tech project links Madison, Boston scientists
A portable scientific microscope nicknamed Flamingo will make its way from Madison to Boston for collaboration and research. The project aims to democratize expensive high-end microscopy, bringing it cost-free to campuses and labs where access may be scarce.
First Anatolian farmers were local hunter-gatherers that adopted agriculture
A new study confirms that Anatolian hunter-gatherers adopted farming and were later descended by early Anatolian farmers. The findings provide genetic support for archaeological evidence that local hunter-gatherers developed agriculture independently, rather than being introduced by a large migration of farmers.
Uncovering the superconducting phosphine: P2H4 and P4H6
Researchers have discovered the superconducting properties of phosphine P2H4 and P4H6 under high pressure. The findings suggest that P4H6 is responsible for superconductivity at high pressures, with a Tc estimated to be 67 K.
A study analyzes pre-installed software on Android devices and its privacy risks for users
A study analyzing pre-installed Android software reveals the existence of a complex ecosystem of manufacturers, mobile operators, and app developers tracking user information without consent. Over 4,800 owner permissions allow apps to access user data without explicit consent, compromising user privacy.
Discovery of a crucial immune reaction when solid food is introduced that prevents inflammatory disorders
Scientists at Institut Pasteur and Inserm have found that an immune response generated when solid food is introduced in mice prevents inflammatory disorders. The reaction involves regulatory T cells and balances the immune system, leading to lower susceptibility to allergies, colitis, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
From foam to bone: Plant cellulose can pave the way for healthy bone implants
Plant cellulose-based aerogel implants have shown 33% more bone growth in rats at three weeks and 50% more at 12 weeks compared to controls. The innovation has the potential to fill a $2-billion market with economical raw materials and applications in dental and joint replacement surgeries.
Restoring hearing loss
A team of researchers, including University of Utah engineers, are working on a new procedure to restore hearing loss using an implantable device that sends electrical impulses to the auditory nerve. The device has shown promise in improving sound resolution and compatibility with existing hearing aids.
New Labour's policies reduced geographical inequalities in infant mortality rates
Research by the Universities of Newcastle, Leeds, York, and Liverpool found that New Labour's policies narrowed the gap in infant mortality rates between English local authorities between 1999-2010. However, the trend was reversed since 2011 due to austerity measures.
Androgen receptor, treatment target for prostate cancer, imports into mitochondria
Researchers at University of Alabama at Birmingham discovered androgen receptor imports into mitochondria, where it regulates multiple mitochondrial processes. This finding may lead to new treatment targets for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Levitating objects with light
Researchers at Caltech have designed a way to levitate and propel macroscopic objects using specific nanoscale patterning on their surfaces. This technology has the potential to revolutionize space travel by powering spacecraft with light, potentially reaching nearby planets in 20 years.
Mathematicians reveal secret to human sperm's swimming prowess
Human sperm's ability to swim through cervical mucus is crucial for fertilization. Researchers have discovered that the tails of human sperm have a reinforcing outer-layer that provides the necessary strength and stability to break through the fluid barrier.
Researchers develop new method to detect cancerous DNA in lung cancer patients' blood
Researchers have developed a new method to detect small fragments of cancerous genetic material in blood samples from lung cancer patients. The method, called liquid biopsy, uses ultra-deep next-generation sequencing and machine learning to identify genetic variants driving the cancer or making it resistant to treatment.
Breast density assessment varies greatly by screening method and race
A new study found that digital mammography is associated with a lower likelihood of high-density breast tissue compared to digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) or synthetic mammography. This could have implications for personalized screening and recommendations for supplemental screening.
Meal kits and recipe tastings increase healthy food selections among food pantry clients
A new study from the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity found that meal kits and recipe tastings in a food pantry increased the selection of whole grains and leafy greens by three times. The study also showed a spillover effect, where clients selected additional healthier options when meal kits were available.
Woolly stars need catastrophes to live
Researchers found that soil treatments mimicking floods led to the highest woolly star survival rate, while no treatment favored invasive grasses. The study suggests that restoring natural flood pulses can help reestablish the plant species in degraded habitats.
Hayabusa2 probes asteroid for secrets
The Hayabusa2 mission provides valuable insights into the composition and history of asteroid Ryugu, helping researchers understand the presence or absence of essential materials for life. The study reveals that Ryugu is a dry asteroid, which challenges current models of the early solar system.
3D mammography significantly reduces breast biopsy rates
A new study published in Radiology found that digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) significantly reduces the number of women who undergo breast biopsy for non-cancerous lesions. DBT detected 142 cancers with a biopsy rate of 69%, while reducing false positive biopsies by 52%.
SwRI-led team discovers surprisingly old surface on near-Earth asteroid
A Southwest Research Institute-led team has discovered that the surface geology on asteroid Bennu is older than expected, with large impact craters and fractured boulders indicating ages of hundreds of millions of years. The OSIRIS-REx mission revealed ancient features on Bennu's surface while also showing signs of recent resurfacing.
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology: Economic growth linked to reduction in stunting and thinness, but rise in overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents
A study found that economic growth in China led to a decrease in stunting and thinness among children and adolescents, but a significant increase in overweight and obesity rates. The research suggests a need for policies promoting dietary diversity, physical activity, and health education.
Bright skies for plant-based jet fuels
Researchers at Joint BioEnergy Institute demonstrate that sustainable plant-based bio-jet fuels could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and be economically viable. The study found that optimizing the production process can lower the cost of biofuels to $2.50 per gallon, making them a viable alternative to conventional jet fuels.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·JournalEnergy & Environmental Science·DateMar 19, 2019
'Insectageddon' is 'alarmist by bad design': Scientists point out the study's major flaws
A recent review paper predicted nearly half of the world's insects would go extinct due to a rapid decline. However, scientists have identified major flaws in the study's methodology, including query- and geographically-biased summaries, mismatched objectives and cited literature, and misuse of existing conservation data.
NASA mission reveals asteroid has big surprises
The OSIRIS-REx mission revealed unexpected discoveries on asteroid Bennu, including particle plumes and a rugged terrain. The team adjusted their flight plans due to the rough surface, which challenges their sample collection strategies.
Caterina Strambio De Castillia named Imaging Scientist by Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
Caterina Strambio De Castillia has been named a CZI Imaging Scientist and received over $1 million in grant funding to develop standardized tools for microscopic imaging. The grant aims to facilitate sharing of reproducible datasets, analytical procedures, and analysis results among biomedical researchers.
Revealing the secret of the vacuum for the first time
A new research group at the University of Jena has demonstrated quantum vacuum processes for the first time, using strong fields and high-performance lasers. The experiments aim to provide evidence for fundamental physics assumptions, with potential applications in medicine, life sciences, and materials research.
Drug used to control cholesterol found effective against cancer-associated cachexia
Researchers have discovered that atorvastatin, a drug typically used to control cholesterol, can also treat cachexia, a condition characterized by rapid weight loss and muscle atrophy. In mouse studies, treatment with atorvastatin attenuated adipose tissue remodeling, leading to rapid weight loss and muscle atrophy.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalScientific Reports·DateMar 19, 2019
Smart glove for Industry 4.0: Connecting the physical hand to the virtual world
Researchers at Saarland University have created an ultrathin flexible film that can act as a sensor for innovative technologies. The smart glove uses tactile signals to provide real-time feedback and assistance to assembly line workers, helping to prevent costly mistakes.
Video and film portals that incorporate real-time comments from their audiences
Researchers analyzed Chinese youth comments on Spanish TV series El Ministerio del Tiempo, finding discussions on intercultural differences and taboo topics like sex. The study highlights the potential of participation and communication in social networks for learning about different cultures.
UMass Amherst food scientist receives Young Scientist Research Award
Guodong Zhang, a researcher at UMass Amherst, has been awarded the Young Scientist Research Award for his groundbreaking work on reducing colonic inflammation and colon cancer. His research focuses on identifying risk factors and developing new therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
People choose healthy and sustainable lunches if given the green light
Researchers found that people opt for 'greener' meals over 'healthier' options when presented with two traffic lights indicating environmental friendliness and healthiness. The study showed that providing additional information about daily calorie intakes and carbon emissions boosts the positive effect on consumer meal choices.
Healthy food prescriptions could save lives and money
A new study suggests that healthy food prescriptions for adults in Medicare and Medicaid could prevent millions of cardiovascular disease events and save billions of dollars in healthcare costs. The study found that programs incentivizing diet, particularly through fruit and vegetable purchases, could be highly cost-effective.
Initial results from Hayabusa2's visit to the Ryugu asteroid, shaped like a 'spinning top'
The Hayabusa2 mission has provided new insights into the composition and origin of the Ryugu asteroid, revealing it to be a porous 'rubble pile' with a highly porous interior and low density. The asteroid's surface is also characterized by hydrated minerals, which are ubiquitous across its dark surface.
Electron accelerators reveal the radical secrets of antioxidants
Researchers used electron accelerators to generate free radicals in water molecules, allowing them to study the damaging effects on biomolecules. This method provides a valuable tool for understanding naturally occurring antioxidants and proteins like vitamin C, with implications for developing new medications to prevent cell damage.
US Department of Energy and Intel to deliver first exascale supercomputer
The Argonne National Laboratory's Aurora supercomputer will revolutionize scientific research and discovery with its exaFLOP performance and ability to handle both HPC and AI. The system is expected to have a significant impact on various fields, including cancer research, climate modeling, and veterans' health treatments.
Deep brain stimulation provides sustained relief for severe depression
A recent study published in Neuropsychopharmacology found that deep brain stimulation provided significant reduction in depression severity and improved quality of life for patients with treatment-resistant depression. The therapy showed excellent results over one year, with most patients experiencing relief within days.
Study shows pressure induces unusually high electrical conductivity in polyiodide
Researchers discovered that applying mechanical pressure to tetraethylammonium di-iodine triiodide increases its conductivity. The pressure-induced changes lead to the formation of CT chains, making TEAI a tunable pressure-sensitive electric switch.
SourceNational Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) MARVEL·JournalAngewandte Chemie·DateMar 19, 2019
Inflammation inhibitor blocks neurodevelopmental disorders in mouse model
A study published in PNAS shows that an enzyme inhibitor reduces inflammation in the brains of mice born to mothers with maternal immune activation, reversing cognitive and social interaction deficiencies. The findings suggest a potential new treatment approach for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
SourceUniversity of California - Davis·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMar 19, 2019
Precision oncology insights revealed for colorectal cancer
The study analyzed tumor DNA from 843 patients with colorectal cancer, identifying associations between genetic mutations and treatment responses. Patients with microsatellite instability had longer survival when treated with bevacizumab, while those with high tumor mutational burden lived longer than those with less variation.
SourceUNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center·JournalJournal of Clinical Oncology·DateMar 19, 2019
Astronomers find 'cannonball pulsar' speeding through space
Astronomers have found a pulsar that has escaped the debris of a supernova explosion and is now speeding away at nearly 700 miles per second. The discovery provides important insights into how pulsars can gain speed from supernovae.
Underwater surveys in Emerald Bay reveal the nature and activity of Lake Tahoe faults
A new study published in Geosphere reveals that two major faults in Emerald Bay have been moving vertically over the past 20,000 years, with no strike slip motion. The research used a combination of deep dives, bathymetry surveys, and LiDAR data to create high-resolution maps of the bay's geology.
Researchers find cost-effective method for hydrogen fuel production process
University of Arkansas researchers have found a more efficient and affordable way to produce hydrogen fuel through water electrolysis. The new method uses nanoparticles composed of nickel and iron, which interact with hydrogen and oxygen atoms to increase the reaction's efficiency.
Prescribing healthy food in Medicare/Medicaid is cost effective, could improve health
A new study by Tufts University researchers finds that healthy food prescriptions in Medicare and Medicaid could prevent millions of cardiovascular disease cases and diabetes cases, while reducing healthcare utilization and costs. The programs would be highly cost-effective, with incremental costs of less than $50,000 per quality-adjus...
Computer program developed to find 'leakage' in quantum computers
A new computer program can identify unwanted states in quantum computers, allowing users to check reliability without technical expertise. Researchers used the IBM Q Experience and dimension witnessing technique to demonstrate the method's accuracy.
New material will allow abandoning bone marrow transplantation
Researchers from NUST MISIS created a nanomaterial that enhances the rate of bone cell division by 3 times, enabling the growth of new bone tissue. This breakthrough could potentially abandon bone marrow transplantation, offering hope to patients with osteoporosis and osteomyelitis.
SourceNational University of Science and Technology MISIS·JournalApplied Surface Science·DateMar 19, 2019
Superbugs have colonized the International Space Station -- but there's a silver lining
Researchers tested a silver- and ruthenium-based coating on the International Space Station, finding it highly effective in reducing bacteria growth by up to 80% compared to bare steel. The AGXX® coating may provide a solution to combating antibiotic-resistant superbugs in deep space missions.
Medical marijuana laws linked to health and labor supply benefits in older adults
A study found that medical marijuana laws lead to a decline in reported pain and an improvement in overall health assessments among respondents with qualifying health conditions. The study also shows that these laws increase full-time work hours, suggesting improved labor supply among older adults.
SourceJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health·JournalJournal of Policy Analysis and Management·DateMar 19, 2019
Even low levels of leisure time physical activity lowers risk of death
A large observational study found that even low-level physical activities, such as walking or gardening, are associated with a lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, or any cause. Increasing activity levels continues to mount health benefits, with vigorous sports providing additional protection.
UTSA psychologist helps train first responders on the front line of the opioid crisis
James Bray, a UTSA psychologist, is training first responders in Houston to recognize prescription opioid overdoses and administer naloxone. This project aims to provide treatment services for overdose victims through the Houston Recovery Center.
Are there Zika reservoirs in the Americas?
A team of researchers detected the Zika virus in feces of nonhuman primates in South America, revealing potential reservoirs. The study used a novel method to collect and test fecal samples, overcoming previous limitations in testing for the virus in other bodily fluids.
New technique for in-cell distance determination
Researchers from the University of Konstanz and partners demonstrate a new technique for in-cell distance determination using RIDME, overcoming limitations of traditional methods such as DEER. This approach provides essential structural information about biomacromolecules under native conditions, enabling analysis without inserting or ...
Heading towards a tsunami of light
A team at Chalmers University of Technology has proposed creating ultra-intense light pulses to study interactions between matter and light. These pulses can be used to probe and control matter in unique ways, offering new insights into material science and quantum states.
New model IDs primate species with potential to spread Zika in the Americas
A new study has identified prime candidate primates with potential to transmit Zika virus. An innovative model combining multiple imputation and Bayesian multi-label machine learning techniques assigned risk scores to primate species, revealing the tufted capuchin, Venezuelan red howler, and white-faced capuchin as high-risk species.
University of Minnesota to lead $9.7 million NIH grant to improve hearing restoration
The University of Minnesota is leading a $9.7 million NIH grant to develop an implantable device that can restore more natural hearing to people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. The new technology aims to bypass the cochlea and directly stimulate the auditory nerve, improving activation in noisy environments and music.
Starving bacteria can eject their tails to save energy and stay alive
When bacteria face starvation, they can eject their flagella to conserve energy. This behavior allows them to survive in nutrient-poor environments. The discovery provides new insights into bacterial evolution and potential targets for antimicrobial drugs.
Emotionally attuned managers are better at judging workgroup effectiveness: study
Researchers found that people who can accurately detect others' emotions are also better at discerning the effectiveness of group interaction. The study suggests that managers should take people's social sensitivity into account when making decisions about team leaders.
SourceNew York University·JournalOrganizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes·DateMar 19, 2019
Fountain of youth for heart health may lie in the gut
Research suggests that an aging microbiome may be the key to understanding vascular decline and cardiovascular disease risk. The study found that suppressing the microbiome in old mice restored vascular health to that of young mice, highlighting the potential for gut-friendly diets and supplements.
Facial motion capture helps bring VR documentary to life
The University of Bath's CAMERA research centre collaborated with Aardman on a BBC virtual reality documentary about twin sisters affected by a car accident. Researchers used facial animation and motion capture tech to create realistic character movements, making the viewer feel immersed in their story.
The Lancet Psychiatry: Daily use and high potency cannabis linked to higher rates of psychosis
A case-control study found a strong link between daily cannabis use and psychosis, with high potency cannabis increasing the risk even more. The study estimated that one in five new cases of psychosis may be linked to daily cannabis use, highlighting potential public health implications for changes in cannabis legislation.
PCORI Board approves $3.8 million to support implementation of findings from PCORI-funded research
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) has approved funding for two projects that aim to disseminate and implement research findings on obesity and diabetes prevention through shared decision making. The projects, totaling $3.8 million, will focus on patients with severe obesity and higher blood sugars who are diagnos...
Mitigating the loss of satellite data by using CubeSat remote sensing technology
Researchers used CubeSats to study alternative remote sensing technologies, finding they can provide added value in local severe storm forecasting. More CubeSats with increased data coverage yielded larger positive impacts, suggesting a cost-saving approach to mitigating data gaps.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAtmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters·DateMar 19, 2019
Stillbirths more likely if diabetes in pregnancy not diagnosed
Women with undiagnosed gestational diabetes are at a significantly increased risk of stillbirth, according to new research. The study found that the risk of stillbirth was over four times higher in women who developed signs of gestational diabetes but were not diagnosed, highlighting the importance of proper screening and diagnosis.
Measuring impact of drought on groundwater resources from space
Researchers measured groundwater loss and storage capacity during 2012-2015 drought, finding a permanent loss of up to three percent of the aquifer's storage capacity. The study provides water resource managers with better tools to monitor groundwater health and implement sustainable practices.
Diattenuation imaging -- a promising imaging technique for brain research
Diattenuation Imaging enables precise investigation of brain tissue by measuring polarization-dependent attenuation of light. The method distinguishes between regions with thin and thick nerve fibers, aiding in the study of neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Experiments with roundworms suggest alternatives for the treatment of schizophrenia
Researchers used C. elegans to investigate the importance of NDEL1 genes in treating schizophrenia. They found that suppressing these genes may be linked to resistance to certain antipsychotic drugs.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalProgress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry·DateMar 19, 2019
Scientists revealed how probiotics influence human gut bacteria
A study of 150 volunteers found that consuming yogurt with probiotics increased the proportion of beneficial bifidobacteria, which can help metabolize lactose and produce vitamins. This shift in gut microbiota had a positive impact on the body's ability to resist inflammatory diseases and hormonal disorders.