Researchers at Yale University have developed a technique to pre-treat laser beams, allowing them to penetrate opaque surfaces undisturbed. This breakthrough has potential applications for deep-tissue imaging and optogenetics, where light is used to probe and manipulate cells in living tissue.
A team of palaeontologists has found an abundant collection of plesiosaur fossils in Morella, Castellón, Spain, dating back to the Lower Cretaceous period. The discovery includes a previously unknown species, Leptocleidus, which was believed to inhabit only England, Australia, and South Africa.
A novel mechanism discovered by researchers at the University of York and Queen Mary University London reveals that miR-132 controls how immune cells respond to infection. This tiny molecule acts as a 'handbrake' on the immune system, preventing over-reaction and promoting protective immunity.
Researchers found that people who were severely obese were 62 percent less likely to die after a stroke, compared to those of normal weight. The study also discovered that being overweight or obese may have a nutritional reserve that helps them survive during prolonged illness.
Researchers have discovered that the presence of L1CAM is crucial for chandelier cell connections, which are linked to neurological conditions like schizophrenia and epilepsy. The molecule enables long-distance communication between neurons, revealing a potential target for new therapeutic approaches.
Research reveals that symbiotic bacteria in Hawaiian bobtail squid alter gene expression in the eye and gill organs, with effects varying by time of day. Bioluminescence may drive system-wide changes in gene expression.
Researchers are developing a new paradigm called 'network physiology' that examines how organs communicate and adjust to each other. This approach has the potential to improve health monitoring techniques by capturing data streams from different organ systems.
Researchers at ISGlobal and ITM discovered that P. falciparum populations can develop resistance to certain antimalarial compounds by epigenetic changes in the expression of clag3 genes. This finding is significant because resistance acquired through epigenetic mechanisms can arise quickly, even during a single infection.
A new study by Iowa State University researchers suggests that requiring landlords to disclose recent bedbug infestations can lead to a reduction in infestations and lower costs for both landlords and tenants. This policy can create long-term savings for landlords and make life better for people affected by these pests.
The rise of psychotherapy in Uganda reveals distinct views on happiness and mental health across the country. In Northern Uganda, psychotherapy services emerged to address post-war traumas, while upper-middle-class Kampalans prioritize wellness and seek private psychology practices.
A recent study published in ACS Chemical Neuroscience suggests that low doses of psychedelic drugs may alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Researchers treated rats with microdoses of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) without negative effects, showing cautious optimism for this treatment method.
Researchers have created a technique to quickly measure protein vibrations, enabling faster analysis of proteins' microscopic movements. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient biological research and the development of new biotechnologies.
A new study finds that using 'the' with a plural noun to refer to a group of individuals creates a distancing effect, making the speaker appear less connected. The study analyzes data from U.S. House speeches and pundits on 'The McLaughlin Group', revealing patterns in politicians' use of 'the' based on their political leanings.
The study found that people's brains adapt to align with the rhythm of voices they hear, leading to differences in functional and structural aspects of the speech network. Good synchronizers showed more white matter in pathways connecting speech-perception areas and performed better in learning new words compared to bad synchronizers.
A study by UC Davis researchers found that DMT microdosing helped rats overcome a fear response associated with anxiety and PTSD, while also reducing immobility in tests measuring antidepressant effects. However, the regimen caused weight gain in male rats and neuronal atrophy in female rats, highlighting potential risks.
A field experiment in California's 2017-2018 winter drought revealed a strong correlation between seedling root length and mortality. In contrast, easily measurable adult traits showed only weak correlations with seedling mortality, suggesting that traditional plant traits may not predict ecosystem responses to environmental stress.
A study found that brain regions involved in emotional processing and controlling the body's unconscious workings do not communicate as well in patients with Takotsubo syndrome, a condition known as 'broken heart' syndrome. This decrease in communication may contribute to the development of TTS, which is triggered by emotional stressors.
Researchers discovered a recently evolved, human specialised subspecies of the Cryptosporidium parasite, which can spread more easily between people. This finding will help public health interventions aimed at preventing the spread of diarrheal disease.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a technique using bacteria to create biocement in coal ash ponds, making them stiffer and more difficult to spill. The resulting biocement can also trap potentially toxic metals in the coal ash, reducing environmental and public health concerns.
A new theory suggests that our relationship with the environment is like a social exchange, leading to the belief that eco-friendly behavior can cancel out harmful ones. Researchers argue that this mindset can lead to misguided quick fixes and that stricter legislation and immediate feedback on environmental impact are needed.
Princeton University researchers Olivia Chu and Corina Tarnita investigate how cooperation emerges in human populations, finding that smaller groups allow cooperation to thrive while limiting destructive influence. They also find that allowing for lone individuals with barriers to group entry enhances cooperation.
Researchers at UC Riverside have discovered that magnons exhibit discreet noise levels at low power, but become high and discrete at high power. This could lead to the development of more efficient magnonic devices.
Researchers develop TIGER mouse to track information-rich particles in brain, revealing new cell types releasing extracellular vesicles. The study aims to generate an atlas for diagnosing and treating various diseases.
Researchers from the University of Michigan have adapted a sexual violence prevention program to address specific issues in Ghana, including power dynamics and peer assaults. The program has shown promising preliminary results, with students rethinking gender relations and challenging rape myths.
Researchers found that reducing DAF-2 gene expression increased worm lifespan and improved offspring fitness, challenging the idea that ageing is linked to energy allocation. The study suggests that suboptimal gene expression in adulthood can lead to premature ageing.
Scientists have recovered accurate values for precession frequencies of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Jupiter using lake sediment data from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic epochs. The findings provide insights into climate variations driven by Solar System chaos and could constrain models of Solar System evolution.
Rice physicists propose experiment to measure fractionalization in ultracold atoms, mimicking electrons in quantum materials. Theoretical framework could provide new insights into high-temperature superconductivity and quantum computing.
Researchers at Utrecht University have successfully created mini kidneys from urine cells, which can be used to study certain kidney diseases. These mini kidneys can also be infected with viruses to test potential treatments for patients who undergo a transplant.
Researchers have successfully reversed and made repulsive Casimir forces, tunable and enhanced by external magnetic fields. By inserting a chiral material between plates, they created an oscillatory force with large magnitude, reflecting macroscopic effects of quantum fluctuations.
A Yale University study predicts that human land-use will increase the extinction risk for 1,700 species by 2070. This is due to habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly in Central and East Africa, Mesoamerica, South America, and Southeast Asia.
Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University found that mosaic embryos can adapt to abnormalities and persist in development, resulting in positive IVF outcomes. Mosaic embryos, which contain both normal and abnormal cells, were previously considered non-ideal candidates for IVF transfer due to the risk of aneuploidy.
A new method has been developed using a microchip device that sorts sperm based on their swimming potential, allowing for faster and cheaper selection of viable sperm. This technology may improve IVF success rates, especially in women under 35 who have low chances of successful fertilization.
Research found that 31% of raw meat dog food samples exceeded EU regulations' maximum threshold for bacteria per gram. The study highlights the importance of proper storage, handling, and feeding to minimize potential health risks associated with these products.
Researchers have confirmed the prediction of superconductivity in a new class of materials called superhydrides at high pressures, approaching room temperature. This breakthrough could lead to lower resistance transmitter and reduce energy loss in power lines.
A study published in the Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics found that organic acids produced by bacteria can extract six rare earth elements from synthetic phosphogypsum. This method could provide an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods, benefiting the US clean energy and electronics industries.
A study found that a universal 'test and treat' approach can reduce new HIV infections. Communities with home-based testing and referral to care saw a 30% decline in new infections, while those without immediate treatment saw no significant change.
A new study reveals that diabetes impairs the antibacterial activity of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), leading to diminished capacity to fight off bacterial infections. This finding has significant implications for the use of MSCs as a therapeutic strategy in treating diabetes and other autoimmune disorders.
Researchers have identified key aspects of planetary motions from a period around 200 million years ago, pushing the record back further than ever before. They used geological records to create a 'Geological Orrery', a precise history of solar system changes that can be extrapolated into the future.
Researchers have developed a new tabletop method to characterize ultrafast magnetic storage devices, which could lead to faster information processing technologies. The method uses high-harmonic generation of laser light in iron thin films to measure electron spin on a quadrillionth-of-a-second time scale.
Researchers at the University of Bath use sound waves to levitate particles, discovering multiple shapes they can assemble into when brought together. The team found that changing sound-wave frequency can manipulate clusters and influence emergent shape.
A device called VibeForward reduces symptoms of freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease by providing vibration therapy through a portable, non-invasive shoe. The technology has shown early evidence to help improve daily life for those with the condition.
Research finds that trauma-exposed individuals, regardless of PTSD status, struggle with suppressing memories. Neuroimaging data reveals reduced activation in the right middle frontal gyrus, a critical region for memory suppression, among trauma-exposed participants.
A study at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified MAP3K8 as the most commonly mutated gene in pediatric spitzoid melanoma, driving cancer growth and treatment response. Comprehensive genomic testing revealed novel mutations, including kinase fusions, that may be targeted by precision medicines.
Researchers from the University of Plymouth detail a blueprint for city marine parks to connect urban areas with their people and the reciprocal benefits of the marine environment. The study highlights the potential of these parks to contribute to community wellbeing, economic prosperity, and sustainability.
A study by NC State University found that urbanization and scale-insect abundance, rather than latitudinal warming, are key drivers of tree health in cities. In the Southeast US, cities at mid-latitudes showed poorer tree health due to high volumes of tree-destroying scale insects.
The mini cheetah robot's lightweight, high-power design enables it to perform a 360-degree backflip and walk on uneven terrain. The robot's modular design allows for easy repair and replacement of damaged parts.
Researchers found that sarcopenia is significantly associated with poor response to cancer treatments, including PD-1 inhibitors. Increasing muscle mass prior to treatment may predict treatment effectiveness and improve long-term outcomes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Scientists from two French teams have identified 79 new 'sugar cleavers' enzymes using bioinformatics methods, expanding the known families to over 200. These enzymes can serve as tools in domains like bioenergy, cosmetics, and nutrition.
A new study explores an episodic bundled payment model for breast cancer screening reflecting the widespread adoption of DBT. The analysis found that non-DBT approaches to bundled payment models remain viable, but higher DBT-inclusive prices highlight the need to explore societal costs more broadly.
The partnership will provide insights into disease progression and responses to treatment, helping clinicians identify risk factors and inform personalized treatment planning. The project's goal is to promote proactive and tailored care to prevent disease deterioration and improve patient outcomes.
Research by University of Nottingham scientists found that environmental contaminants like DEHP and PCB153 can damage sperm quality in both men and domestic dogs. The study suggests that exposure to these chemicals may be contributing to declining human male fertility.
A study of megalodon and its ancestor Carcharocles chubutensis found that the iconic shark's teeth took millions of years to evolve from three-pronged forks to broad, flat cutting tools. The transition was a slow process that occurred over 20-7.6 million years.
Researchers improve energy density of supercapacitors using a suitable electrolyte solvent, doubling the charge storage capacity of titanium carbide MXenes. The study reveals that specific solvents can significantly increase charging speed and boost energy storage.
A new study by Prof. Sarah-Maria Fendt and her PhD student Ilaria Elia found that breast cancer cells require pyruvate to reshape the lung environment and create a pro-tumor niche. In contrast, normal bone cells rely on glutamine for this process.
A recent study published in JNeurosci analyzed brain scans from over 600 children and adolescents, revealing genetically-mediated associations between brain region size and intelligence. The research suggests that evolutionary expansion of the human brain is largely under genetic control.
A randomized controlled trial conducted across 18 countries found that steroid use during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery did not reduce the risk of acute kidney injury in patients at high risk of death. The study included 7286 patients and found no significant difference between those receiving steroids and those on placebo.
A recent study examines California's climate over a centuries-long time period, linking long-term wind patterns to future wildfire risks. The research provides a stronger foundation for evaluating regional natural hazards in the state.
A recent study reveals that sonar disturbs the feeding behavior of blue whales, especially in deep patches of krill. The researchers tracked the whales' movements using suction tags and found that they stop feeding when sonar signals are present, but often resume soon after.
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute discovered a combination drug therapy that may effectively combat the disease. The study, led by Conan Kinsey and Martin McMahon, found a strong response in mouse models and may be a promising therapy for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Researchers propose that obliquity is a key factor in the formation of pairs of over-tilting exoplanets, leading to extreme seasons and weather patterns. The study could have significant implications for estimating the structure, climate, and habitability of these planets.