A study by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine found that improved housing prevalence doubled from 11% to 23% in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015. Despite this progress, 53 million urban Africans still lived in slum conditions in 2015.
A recent study on Mount Kilimanjaro reveals that land use and climate interactions significantly impact tropical mountain ecosystems, resulting in reduced biodiversity and altered ecological functions. The research found that different elevation zones exhibit varying levels of change, with the savanna zone being particularly vulnerable.
Scientists have developed a method to print electronic fibers onto fabrics using a 3D printer. The technique allows for the creation of flexible, wearable hybrid materials with unprecedented properties, enabling the integration of functions such as sensing and actuating into smart wearable systems.
Researchers studied 250 mammals in zoos to investigate the connection between digestive systems and resting postures. They found that body size plays a significant role in determining the animals' resting posture, with larger animals more likely to lie on their sides and smaller ones on their chests.
Two new studies reveal that a sixth of EU citizens' typical diet-related emissions can be directly linked to tropical forest deforestation. The research highlights the need for stricter regulations on food imports and alternative production methods.
A preclinical study found that combining CAR T-cell therapy with photothermal ablation suppressed melanoma tumor growth for up to 20 days in mice. Among the treated mice, 33% remained tumor-free after 20 days.
The GRAVITY instrument has made the first direct observation of an exoplanet, revealing a complex atmosphere with clouds of iron and silicates swirling in a planet-wide storm. This achievement showcases the unique possibilities for characterising many known exoplanets.
Researchers optimized a 20-nucleotide DNA aptamer to improve its binding properties to myelin, a promising lead molecule for multiple sclerosis therapy. The study provides the first evidence of cross-reactivity with human brain cells.
A new study from the Monterey Bay Aquarium analyzed 150 years of tortoiseshell trade records, estimating over 9 million turtles were harvested for their shells. The study suggests that historical trade patterns may have established the groundwork for modern IUU fishing networks.
Researchers have successfully produced mammalian cell lines that can produce human glycosylation profiles for Alpha-1-antitrypsin proteins. This breakthrough enables the production of recombinant Alpha-1-antitrypsin without dependency on human donors, reducing treatment costs and improving patient outcomes.
A new 12-year longitudinal study found that consistent treatment with methylphenidate-based medications during childhood increases the risk of antidepressant use during adolescence. Children with high adherence (above 50%) were at significantly greater risk of being prescribed antidepressants between the ages of 12-18.
A new neural network system developed by Stanford researchers enables autonomous cars to learn from past driving experiences and adapt to unknown conditions. The system performed similarly well as an experienced racecar driver in high-friction and low-friction scenarios, showing promise for improved safety.
A team from Michigan Technological University has developed a new way to produce customizable nanofibers for growing cell cultures, cutting out the need for toxic solvents and chemicals. By varying electric field strengths, they can create different pocket sizes in the fibers, ideal for various cell types.
A University of Delaware study found that certain native tree species provide better food resources for insects and attract migratory birds to coffee farms. Shade-grown coffee farms can serve as habitat refuges for wildlife, improving farm productivity and biodiversity.
Pediatric patients in a hospital bed explore virtual environments through scuba diving, snowboarding, and safaris, reducing anxiety and improving outcomes. The study found that 80% of parents reported their child's virtual reality experience calmed them.
Researchers found that exercise prevents cartilage degradation by suppressing inflammatory molecules in joints. The study also discovered that a specific protein called HDAC6 plays a crucial role in this process.
In south Florida, a study found that only 20% of applied phosphorus is taken up by plants due to fungal processes. Fungi can convert available phosphorus into less accessible mineral forms.
Researchers have discovered a class of disordered materials that can exhibit massive cooling effects when subjected to low pressure. The materials, called plastic crystals, display extremely high entropy changes, making them ideal for emerging solid-state refrigeration technologies.
A study of elite female weightlifters found they have the same amount and in some cases more fast twitch fibers than their male counterparts. This challenges a persistent stereotype about women athletes and highlights the influence of training on muscle fiber development.
A comprehensive analysis of over 11,000 coastal-habitat measurements confirms the nursery function of mangroves and seagrasses, providing key guidance for marine resource managers. The study also finds that other structured habitats, such as coral reefs and oyster reefs, support greater juvenile abundance, growth, and survival.
Researchers have created a tiny, flexible sensor that can capture the rapid spike in brain chemical glutamate after spinal cord injury or traumatic brain disease. The sensor, implanted on the spinal cord, helps study how these injuries and diseases develop.
Scientists successfully synthesize polymer nanoclusters and fibers at temperatures below 2K, opening up possibilities for creating new materials. The synthesis was achieved using a multimodal dusty plasma cooled by superfluid helium.
Researchers found that low-dose radiation increases the uptake of therapeutic nanoparticles by glioblastomas, allowing for targeted siRNA delivery and improved survival in mouse models. The therapy also activates the immune response at the tumor site, decreasing PD-L1 expression and increasing CD8 T cell recruitment.
Thousands of migrant agricultural workers have died in Italy due to exploitation, with many facing poor working conditions, low pay, and lack of access to basic services. The doctors' call for action aims to address these issues and promote fair treatment for these vulnerable workers.
Researchers from Kanazawa University have discovered a novel system where a liquid-solid transition is driven by guest vapor, exhibiting selectivity for alkane vapors. This unique property enables the development of new vapor detection systems and adhesion materials.
Researchers established two human pancreatic cancer cell sublines with high metastasis potential, MIA PaCa-2 In8 and Panc-1 In8, which demonstrated increased migration, invasion, and clonogenic abilities compared to their parental cells. The study also identified a dysregulated lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) net...
The American Association for the Advancement of Science and EducationCounsel are updating a handbook to help colleges navigate complex legal landscape and advance student and faculty diversity in STEM fields. The new guidance aims to prepare institutions for future developments while maintaining commitment to diversity efforts.
A new UBC study found that consuming just one dose of carbohydrates while on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet can damage blood vessels. The researchers recruited nine healthy young males and had them consume a glucose drink before and after a seven-day keto diet, revealing biomarkers in the blood suggesting vessel wall damage.
Researchers found that children and teens learn about 2 bits per minute to acquire linguistic knowledge, filling a 1.5 MB floppy disk. This challenges assumptions that human language acquisition happens effortlessly.
Scientists discovered the gut has a built-in salt sensor that reports to the brain, regulating thirst. The gastrointestinal tract measures salt concentration and relays this info directly to the brain, enabling precise measurement of fluid osmolarity.
A RIT professor is using a $486,124 NSF grant to explore how experiential learning improves student interest in STEM fields. The research aims to develop practical assessment tools and design a project-based physics course for freshman students.
Virginia Tech researchers Margaret Couvillon and Roger Schürch have decoded the universal language of honey bees, allowing scientists to interpret the insects' sophisticated communications. By deciphering waggle dances, they hope to better understand pollinators' preferred forages and food sources.
Researchers have developed a technique to miniaturize plasma wakefield acceleration, allowing for the creation of compact, high-energy particle accelerators. This technology has the potential to revolutionize particle accelerator design and enable smaller, more accessible facilities.
Researchers have constrained a theoretical model of dark matter particles using data from Earth-based radio telescopes. The study found that ultralight particles interact weakly with photons, making them hard to study, but also revealed a constraint on the available models describing dark matter composition.
A new study published in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America has revealed signs of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake in a high-resolution map of the offshore northern San Andreas Fault. The map shows two large zones of slope failure on the seafloor, indicating that the fault ruptured in multiple strands.
Tropical Cyclone Joaninha maintained its eye with visible thunderstorms surrounding it, with maximum sustained winds near 110 knots. The cyclone is forecast to weaken and transition into a subtropical cyclone over the next several days.
A study published in Nature identified a new approach to starve pancreatic cancer cells of molecular resources. The researchers found that the protein syndecan-1 plays a critical role in regulating macropinocytosis, a mechanism used by cancer cells to scavenge resources and divide.
Research highlights the development of next-generation CAR T-cells and immune profiling to overcome tumor resistance. SU2C presents work on cancer interception, convergence, and clinical trials for pancreatic, pediatric, brain, colorectal, lung, ovarian, and breast cancers.
Researchers developed a new method to distinguish between drug ingestion and external contamination of hair by analyzing single hairs from volunteers. The team found that splitting the hair lengthwise increased sensitivity for zolpidem detection, allowing them to separate ingestion from contamination.
A new study by UChicago scientists found significant river runoff persisted on Mars later into its history than previously thought. The intense runoff, which was wider than those on Earth today, occurred at hundreds of locations and suggests a complex climate with strong greenhouse effects.
A new simulation system, AADS, combines photos, videos, and real-world trajectory data to create a more realistic autonomous driving environment. This allows for safer testing of self-driving vehicles in the lab before hitting the roads.
The symposia series will focus on the gut microbiome's impact on health and disease, featuring speakers on topics such as gut-brain axes and antibiotic effects. Research highlights include studies on acetate, bioinformatics, and metabolomics.
A global study found that colder climates produce richer bacterial communities on amphibian skin than warmer environments. The American bullfrog was representative of this phenomenon, with lower minimum temperatures associated with greater bacterial diversity.
Scientists have discovered that USP25 is inactive in its isolated form and forms a tetramer, whereas USP28 exists as a constitutively active dimer. This knowledge provides the molecular basis for developing targeted anti-cancer drugs with low side effects.
Women with metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer live longer when receiving fulvestrant and anastrozole compared to treatment with anastrozole alone. The combination therapy shows promise as a life-extending first line of treatment, particularly for women who received lower doses of fulvestrant.
The newly digitized maps provide details of glacial tills, sands, and gravels on the earth's surface, using a unique standard color for each material. The digital maps offer more accurate and convenient information for spatial analyses, with features such as layering and GIS overlay capabilities.
Researchers identify genomic regions affecting radiation use efficiency and biomass accumulation in spring wheat, providing a crucial resource for scientists and breeders. The study aims to increase wheat yield potential without sacrificing grain yield, addressing the challenge of sustainingably feeding a growing population.
A new study suggests that the brain uses sensory signals from the mouth and throat to temporarily quench thirst, but also relies on gut sensors to review this decision based on a drink's hydration potential. This helps regulate fluid balance within the body and may provide insights into diseases like high blood pressure.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys have created a mouse model of choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC), a challenging type of brain cancer that affects young children. The study identified three promising drug compounds with biological activity, including dinaciclib and flavopiridol.
Researchers at Caltech have identified specific neurons responsible for salt cravings in the mouse brain, which are triggered by oral sodium signals. These findings could potentially lead to new avenues for regulating sodium intake and mitigating health issues related to excessive salt consumption.
Artificial intelligence can accurately identify cardiac devices, including pacemakers and defibrillators, from X-ray images within seconds. The software surpasses current methods with a 99% accuracy rate, speeding up diagnosis and treatment for patients with faulty devices.
A new UTSA study documents the war's casualty statistics, mortality trends, and treatment advances. Key findings include increased injury patterns and severity, as well as a significant reduction in mortality rates thanks to interventions such as tourniquets and rapid hospital transport times.
Researchers have captured high-speed videos of kangaroo rats defending themselves against rattlesnake attacks, showcasing their record-breaking reaction times and evasive maneuvers. The data suggest that the kangaroo rats' powerful legs and mid-air kicks allow them to avoid being envenomated.
Scientists have developed a new triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) called SLIPS-TENG, which can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy in harsh environments. The device uses a slippery lubricant-impregnated porous surface to address durability and biofilm coverage issues.
The new centre aims to advance health and medicine by understanding the fundamental nature of life, with a focus on designing and building artificial cells and minimal genomes. Researchers will also investigate protein design and the foundations of life.
A study led by City University of London researchers suggests that people with 'visual ears' may have a disinhibited flow of signals around the brain, allowing them to hear silent flashes or movement. Musicians were more likely to report experiencing visual ear than non-musicians.
Researchers have engineered HBV-specific T cells to treat Hepatocellular carcinoma, a commonly occurring liver cancer. The treatment was individualised and showed promise in reducing tumour size in patients with HBV-related liver cancer.
The university will conduct research on the health and well-being of migrant children using an evidence-based parenting program. The goal is to improve parent-child relationships, alleviate stress, and boost children's social-emotional health. The center will work with community partners to design and implement projects.
Two new Emmy Noether Independent Junior Research Groups at Charité will explore the use of deep brain stimulation to treat neurological disorders and the regulation of immune responses in the nervous system. The groups, led by Dr. Andreas Horn and Dr. Christoph Klose, will receive over €1.7 million in funding for three years.
A study on turtle ants found that gynes have larger brain volumes than soldiers and minor workers, while their brains differ in regions associated with cognitive processing. The authors suggest that these differences may aid in performing specialized tasks, and could provide insight into the evolution of caste specialization.