The discovery of three exocomets in the Beta Pictoris system provides significant evidence for their existence. The exoplanet-hunting space telescope TESS revealed a signal from darkening objects in the star's orbit, which were later confirmed as comets.
Scientists at Lobachevsky University and their Japanese colleagues tested the hypothesis of multi-photon photoemission by studying the behavior of gold nanorods under ultrafast laser excitation. The results contradict previous theories, instead supporting the tunnel emission mechanism as the primary process.
A study by RAND Corporation found that a prison-based college program in North Carolina took incarcerated individuals longer to complete coursework than traditional students. Despite the challenges, the program showed promise in reducing recidivism and improving post-release outcomes.
Incidence rates of uterine cancer's aggressive subtypes increased dramatically among all racial groups from 2000 to 2015, with black women having higher rates and poorer survival. Endometrioid subtypes showed stable trends in white women but increasing rates in other groups.
Researchers discovered that aging in nematodes is partially programmed and can be therapeutically reversed by several FDA-approved drugs. The study identified 10 compounds that slow down aging, including six previously documented with anti-aging potential.
Beetles infected with intestinal parasites exhibit reduced aggressive behavior during simulated attacks from predators and rival males. Larger beetles tend to fight back more than smaller ones, while parasitized beetles produce fewer squeaks as a defensive behavior.
Researchers at Colorado State University have found that adding selenium to cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells increases their efficiency by overcoming atomic-scale defects. The discovery could lead to more widespread and affordable solar-generated electricity.
Patients with severe asthma have reduced microbiome diversity, highlighting a potential relationship between neutrophils and the microbiome. This finding may lead to new targeted asthma therapies by better understanding the link between these two factors.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have developed metal-organic trefoil knots, which can deliver metals to cancer cells and induce oxidative stress. These nanoscale molecules showed high potency in vitro and in vivo against six cancer cell lines and zebrafish embryos.
A recent study found that veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depression were more likely to participate in cardiac rehabilitation services following an episode of ischemic heart disease. This contrasts with previous research suggesting mental health conditions may hinder patient engagement in care.
A protein from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) has shown promise as a potential component of an HIV vaccine, eliciting antibodies that neutralize infection against multiple HIV strains. The study uses SIV Env proteins to stimulate the immune system to produce protective antibodies.
A study published in The BMJ found that lifestyle factors like weight, blood pressure, and smoking explain around 40% of the protective effect of education on heart disease risk. Intervening on these modifiable risk factors could lead to reductions in cases of heart disease, but more than half of the overall effect remains unexplained.
A large international consortium analyzed protein-coding genes from nearly 46,000 people, linking rare DNA alterations to type 2 diabetes. The study identified four genes with rare variants that affect diabetes risk, providing potential targets for new medicines and guiding researchers to better understand the disease.
A study published in JAMA Cardiology found that blood donation programs can be used to screen for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic cholesterol condition. Researchers identified over 3,000 people with FH in the blood donation records of nearly 1.2 million donors.
Researchers identified a protein called gravin as key to regulating beta-adrenergic receptor expression on heart cells. Elevated adrenaline levels in heart failure desensitize receptors, reducing heart function. Researchers seek to develop treatment targeting this mechanism.
Researchers investigated emissions from waterpipes using electrical heating elements (EHEs) and charcoal, finding that EHEs reduced some toxicants but increased others. Emissions of acrolein, a highly reactive irritant, were several orders of magnitude higher with EHE use compared to charcoal.
Researchers found that proton therapy significantly lowers the risk of severe side effects in cancer patients undergoing radiation and chemotherapy, with a relative risk reduction of two-thirds. Cure rates were almost identical between groups.
Researchers discovered that high pressure deep inside the young Earth may have driven vast stores of carbon into its core, while water ice undergoes complex crystalline metamorphosis under extreme conditions. The findings provide clues about how Earth-like planets are built and could be useful for studying worlds with icy surfaces.
Researchers developed a 3D-printed pipette-tip test that leverages the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The new technology significantly reduces testing costs and time, allowing for faster diagnosis and potentially making medical testing available in rural or remote areas.
Astronomers discover unique infrared signature on Triton, suggesting a mix of carbon monoxide and nitrogen ices. This finding sheds light on conditions on other distant, icy worlds and could provide insights into the origins of life.
The first nationwide study on semen quality in Switzerland found that 38% of young men have semen parameter values above the WHO norms. Poor semen quality is associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer and infertility, with 25% of men having less than 40% motile spermatozoa.
A new study reveals that restoring degraded landscapes to biodiverse ecosystems favors more stable and specialist bacteria over opportunistic ones. This shift in bacterial composition has potential immune-boosting effects, suggesting a connection between healthy ecosystems and human health.
A new study from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia finds that a skin patch may be useful in treating children with eosinophilic esophagitis triggered by milk. Nearly half of the 20 children who wore the Viaskin Milk patch saw improvements in their symptoms and normalization of biopsies after 11 months.
Newly discovered layers of ice on Mars reveal a record of past climate and could hold the key to understanding if the planet was ever habitable. The ice reserves are estimated to be as much as 90% water, equivalent to a global layer 1.5 meters deep.
Researchers at Ohio State University identified dog breeds, such as pit bulls and mixed breed dogs, that pose the highest risk of biting children with severe injuries. The study found that dogs with wide and short heads weighing between 66 and 100 pounds also have a high risk of biting.
Researchers developed a new method to estimate cumulative human impact for individual species, revealing threatened seahorses in data-poor regions. The study found China, Southeast Asia, and Europe as major threat epicentres for global seahorse populations.
A comprehensive review of global-scale glacier models reveals that smaller glaciers worldwide are projected to lose significant mass by 2100. This could lead to almost 10 inches of sea level rise globally, surpassing the impact of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica.
A recent study shows a dramatic rise in opioid overdose deaths among American veterans, mainly caused by heroin and synthetic opioids. The research emphasizes the need to provide care to veterans with non-prescription opioid use disorder, independent of prescription opioid use.
Researchers at the University of Oxford confirm that human-induced factors such as greenhouse gas emissions and particulate pollution are responsible for long-term changes in global temperature. The study finds no evidence to support the idea that slow-acting ocean cycles drive climate fluctuations.
Researchers from IKBFU investigated the influence of internal mechanical stresses on glass-coated amorphous microwires. The study, published in Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, focuses on optimizing magnetostrictive, magnetostatic, and magnetodynamic properties.
A UTSA political scientist analyzes the UN's Twitter feed to understand its potential as a diplomacy tool. The researcher found that tweets from the UN and its member states are often self-referential and lack substantial debate on global issues, resulting in limited engagement.
Researchers from ETH Zurich have modeled the spatial and temporal distribution of over 530 species of phytoplankton using 700,000 water samples. The study reveals that tropical waters hold the richest diversity of species at all times of the year, while mid-latitudes exhibit lower biodiversity due to strong currents and turbulence.
The University of Miami has established a new center, CHARM, to study mental health disparities and curtail the local HIV/AIDS epidemic. The center aims to address behavioral factors that perpetuate the disease, particularly in poor and marginalized communities.
A Purdue University researcher has been awarded a Global Scholar Award to develop novel technologies for identifying toxic metal exposure, with the goal of reducing health problems associated with metal accumulation. The award will support her work at leading synchrotron facilities in Germany and South Korea.
Researchers analyzed data from 1.2 million donors to determine if blood donation programs could detect familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic disorder causing high cholesterol and premature coronary artery disease. The study found that about 1 in every 339 donors met the criteria for the condition.
Three new DFG research training groups will be established at FAU to investigate emerging fields such as cyber crime, novel antiviral approaches and energy conversion systems that do not require heavy metals.
The study found that ARID1A controls the genome-wide positioning of condensin II, a complex regulating gene expression through organizing chromosome structure. This loss affects global gene expression, with broad consequences for cancer types, especially ovarian cancer.
A new study finds crowdsourced traffic data from Waze is highly correlated with conventional reporting data, allowing for earlier notification of trauma surgeons and improved patient care. This could lead to a significant reduction in mortality rates from motor vehicle crashes.
Research suggests that high-deductible insurance plans can lead to delayed medication dosages and hospitalizations among COPD patients. Patients with high deductibles are more likely to forgo needed healthcare due to financial constraints.
A new study found that infants who are later diagnosed with autism react adequately when others initiate joint attention, but seldom actively seek to establish such episodes themselves. This suggests that children with autism have reduced social motivation already as infants.
Researchers developed a blood test to track transplanted stem cells' effectiveness by analyzing exosomes, tiny cellular components secreted into the recipient's blood. The test showed promising results in repairing damaged heart muscle cells, paving the way for new treatments for various diseases.
A new study finds that extracts from three Civil War-era plants have antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria, which were commonly used in treating wound infections. The research suggests these plant-based remedies may have saved limbs and lives during the war.
A new longitudinal cohort study aims to understand the causes of high burden of heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders in rural Southern US communities. The RURAL study will examine 4,000 participants from 10 low-income counties, using a self-contained mobile examination unit and smart phones to collect health data.
A new study suggests that a strange mineral deposit near the landing site of NASA's next Mars rover is likely sourced from ancient volcanic explosions. The research provides tangible evidence for the importance of explosive volcanism on early Mars, shedding light on the water budget, groundwater abundance, and atmospheric thickness.
Residents of historically redlined neighborhoods are more than twice as likely to visit emergency rooms for asthma, with significantly higher levels of diesel particulate matter in the air. Poverty and psychosocial stresses associated with living in divested neighborhoods also contribute to the disparity.
Research reveals a surprising connection between redlining practices and increased asthma-related emergency room visits in affected neighborhoods. Residents of redlined areas experienced 13.9 more asthma-related ER visits annually per 10,000 people compared to non-redlined communities.
Subtropical Storm Andrea weakened and dissipated in just two days, losing its subtropical classification before reaching Tropical Storm status. The storm's location 370 km west southwest of Bermuda meant it posed no threat to coastal areas.
B.J. Casey advocates for reform to ensure healthy psychological development for young offenders in the US prison system. She recommends bail reform and closing facilities that lack rehabilitation components, citing examples like Kalief Browder's tragic case.
A team of McGill University Health Centre scientists identified a new role for the lipid mediator Leukotriene B4 in regulating the immune response to influenza infection. They found that LTB4 can reduce inflammation and enhance host survival, promising clinical implications for flu treatment.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University have unraveled how the DNA machinery fits together, revealing a paradigm shift in understanding genetic illness. The discovery of how nucleosomes change shape to bind with an enzyme could unveil new treatment opportunities for childhood leukemia.
A study published in Environmental Research found higher blood pressure and pesticide exposures in children associated with a heightened pesticide spraying period around the Mother's Day flower harvest. Children examined sooner after the harvest had higher pesticide exposures and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) has awarded its highest designation, Master Interventionalists of SCAI (MSCAI), to seven outstanding interventional cardiologists. These individuals have demonstrated excellence in invasive/interventional cardiology, clinical care, innovation, publication, and teaching.
New research from Brigham Young University finds that exposing people to the pain and suffering caused by vaccine-preventable diseases can increase support for vaccinations. Nearly 70% of students who interviewed someone with a vaccine-preventable disease moved from hesitant to pro-vaccine attitudes.
A specialized pain management program for robotic urologic surgery patients resulted in a significant reduction in opioid prescriptions. The study found that just 8% of patients were prescribed opioids after discharge, with those who received them going home with fewer pills than usual.
A study led by Imperial College London found that only 40% of the effect of education on cardiovascular disease risk is explained through body mass index, blood pressure or smoking. Higher education is associated with a reduction in BMI and systolic blood pressure, which can contribute to lower heart disease risk.
York University researchers have identified novel genes that play a crucial role in regulating muscle cell differentiation and growth. The study found that Smad7 and β-catenin proteins work together to control the pathway for normal gene expression, resulting in normal skeletal muscle cells.
Researchers identified a critical role for hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1A) in increasing the risk of type 1 diabetes after viral infections. The study suggests that exposure to coxsackievirus and other environmental triggers can lead to β-cell death and increased incidence of type 1 diabetes.
Researchers at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem recreated a 5,000-year-old brew using yeast from ancient beer jugs, shedding light on the Pharaohs' drinking habits and the brewing techniques of ancient civilizations.
Scientists can now study ancient proteins to gain a more complete picture of past species and cultures. Research has revealed that ancient humans consumed grains, legumes, dairy products and meat, while Mongolians consumed dairy products long before known genetic mutations for lactose tolerance.
Researchers from TU Berlin and Charité investigate how motion sickness affects automated driving, with a focus on alleviating discomfort. Over 40% of respondents experienced symptoms during car rides, highlighting the need for technical measures to reduce kinetosis.