Computer simulations have yielded a more accurate picture of strange metals and their connection to high-temperature superconductivity. The study reveals that changing temperature or electron flow can flip the material between a superconductive state and a strange metal state, shedding light on this phenomenon.
Researchers extracted pristine samples of carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases from 2 million-year-old ice cores in Antarctica. These 'snapshots' of prehistoric atmospheric conditions provide direct access to greenhouse gas measurements and shed light on the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, a period that saw significant changes in globa...
Researchers unveil molecular mechanisms governing saliva's lubrication properties, resolving distinct roles played by mucin- and non-mucinous proteins. Hydrated mucin forms a mesh-like nano-reservoir trapping water molecules, while positively-charged small molecular proteins aid boundary lubrication.
Researchers have discovered a novel peptide, Darobactin, effective against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. The substance binds to the BamA protein, disrupting the bacterial external membrane and leading to its death. This finding presents a promising lead for developing a new antibiotic.
Researchers have found an effective and environmentally sustainable way to block the transmission of dengue virus using a new strain of Wolbachia bacteria. In trials carried out in Malaysia, the strain reduced cases of dengue by 40% and established itself even in hot temperatures.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed ceramic nanotubes that behave as thermal antennas, controlling the spectrum and direction of high-temperature heat radiation in gas turbines. This allows for increased engine lifetime and performance.
A study found that selecting embryos based on traits like height or IQ using current knowledge of gene variants may not be effective in increasing the desired traits. The simulations used real-world data to confirm predictions about traits were not always accurate, and limitations such as variability and ethnicity make it challenging.
A previously healthy 17-year-old male was hospitalized with life-threatening bronchiolitis after a week of persistent cough. The case suggests a new form of damage from vaping products, similar to popcorn lung, and highlights the need for further research and regulation.
A study by Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health found that fentanyl-involved overdose deaths are concentrated in resource-deprived neighborhoods. The research used census block group-level data to examine the local geographic distribution of drug overdoses, revealing a unique perspective on overdose locations.
A new mathematical model predicts the presence of undetectable metastases based on primary tumor size, which is associated with a poorer prognosis. The model accurately reflects clinical study data for several cancer types, highlighting the potential dangers of delays in surgery for smaller tumors.
A Swedish study of 2,760 women found that induction of labor after 41 full gestational weeks resulted in no deaths, whereas six cases of perinatal death were recorded when labor was waited for until 42 weeks. The study suggests a safer alternative for mothers and babies.
A new study has identified a genetic variation in the Mucin 6 gene that may contribute to late-onset Alzheimer disease. The findings suggest a strong association between the genetic variant and the disease, implying a large effect size and opening up possibilities for future therapeutic targets.
Purdue University researchers have developed patented technology to eliminate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), linked to cancer, thyroid issues, and other health concerns. The team's innovation uses nickel and iron nanoparticles to capture and destroy these contaminants in groundwater.
A US Army Research Laboratory team developed new algorithms to integrate context into artificial intelligence, advancing robotics and AI processes in areas like natural language communication and world model development. The research supports the Next Generation Combat Vehicle by integrating context-driven AI within human-autonomy teams.
Marine researchers investigated adaptability of marine organisms to highly acidified seawater after earthquake and typhoon hit a volcanic island. Organisms were able to adapt to changes in biogeochemistry, providing insights into effects of ocean acidification on marine communities.
Human songs share common patterns despite cultural diversity, with predicted social functions and contexts emerging from musical features. The study provides insights into cognitive universals underlying music creation and enjoyment.
An international research team has called for a more sober discourse around climate change prospects, highlighting the understatement of potential warming's speed and the scope for practical mitigation. Despite this, global decarbonization has accelerated to trend on course to achieve the Paris 2C target.
Scientists developed a new simulation tool to analyze the spread of disease in seed systems, identifying key villages for surveillance and management. This approach can be applied to other plant diseases, such as cassava mosaic disease in Southeast Asia.
The CUHK Faculty of Engineering has developed a novel imaging approach that enables faster 3D imaging for biomedical research. The new method uses compressive sensing and multi-focus laser scanning to reduce the number of measurements by up to 90%, resulting in significantly faster image acquisition times.
A recent animal study found a link between a MAP2 mutation and hereditary hair diseases, such as alopecia and thinning hair. The researchers identified a missense mutation in the MAP2 gene that led to decreased hair follicle density and abnormal hair formation.
Researchers developed a new two-subtype system to classify pancreatic cancer tumors based on treatment response data from clinical trials. The study found that patients with basal-like tumors showed poor responses to common therapies and worse survival outcomes.
Researchers found that geographic cohorting of hospitalists can increase the number of bedside visits and time spent with patients, but also leads to more frequent interruptions. Hospitalists assigned to one or two units may not be working optimally due to frequent presence and interruptions.
A study of threespine stickleback in California estuaries reveals evolutionary changes in response to climate-driven habitat alterations. The fish are adapting by reducing the number of bony plates along their sides, allowing for increased maneuverability and energy efficiency.
Researchers developed a new modeling approach that considers climate and water impacts on electricity infrastructure development, revealing the U.S. power grid may require an additional 5.3% to 12% of capacity to meet demand and reliability requirements. The study suggests viable solutions include tradeoffs in regional technology choic...
Researchers found that children sleeping under bed nets treated with a new compound had significantly lower malaria parasite rates, and fewer mosquitoes carrying the disease. The results suggest that these nets could be a valuable stopgap measure while new insecticides are developed.
A new framework for designing machine learning algorithms helps prevent undesirable behavior, including biases in medical diagnoses and financial predictions. The approach shifts the burden from users to designers, making it easier to create 'well-behaved' algorithms without requiring extensive domain knowledge or complex data analysis.
A study by Stanford University researchers found that omega-3 fatty acids influence stem cell division and fat cell formation. The findings suggest that consuming healthy fats can help regulate body weight and insulin sensitivity.
Researchers at MIT developed a model that learns a compact state representation for soft robots, optimizing movement control and material design parameters. This enables 2D and 3D soft robots to complete tasks quickly and accurately in simulations.
West Virginia University researcher Shane Kaski found that combining nalfurafine with morphine reduces pain while minimizing morphine's addictive potential. This could lead to lower doses of morphine and reduced risk of addiction, combating the opioid epidemic.
A new clinical trial at Trinity College Dublin seeks to compare the effectiveness of two fetal wellbeing tests, FSS and FBS, in reducing unnecessary interventions during labour. The study has the potential to improve global maternity care by making childbirth safer while minimizing medical interventions.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a new way to control the properties of two-dimensional materials by adjusting the twist angle between them. By creating multiple moiré patterns in a graphene-boron nitride device, they were able to study the effects of coexisting moiré superlattices on a layer of graphene.
A novel mental health program, tMHFA, improves teenagers' ability to recognise and support friends at risk of suicide. Researchers found students who participated in the training were 35 times more likely to report adequate suicide first aid than those in a control group.
A study by the University of Toronto found that two-thirds of Indigenous people living off reserve in Canada have excellent mental health. Social support and having a post-secondary degree were significant factors contributing to this positive outcome.
Researchers have identified a decrease in heart transplant survival rates following the implementation of a new donor allocation system in the US. The study found that patients receiving hearts are sicker than in previous systems, leading to an increase in post-transplant mortality.
Colorado State University scientists create a novel chemical catalysis pathway for producing PHAs with enhanced mechanical and physical properties. This breakthrough offers a scalable solution to the plastics crisis, enabling faster production and tunability of biodegradable materials.
A study found that 94% of adolescents in California, Colorado, Nevada, and Washington reported exposure to marijuana marketing on social media. This exposure is linked to recent marijuana use by adolescents. The researchers suggest that current restrictions on social media content are not effective in preventing exposure.
Research shows a 76% reduction in dengue transmission in Indonesia and similar declines in Brazil, highlighting the potential of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in reducing mosquito-borne diseases. The approach has several advantages over conventional methods, including minimal toxicity and cost-effectiveness.
Researchers at the Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics have created a new model to simulate the flow of magnetic waves through magnonic crystals. This breakthrough allows for better control over the material's properties, which is crucial for applications in spintronics and electronics.
A new study reveals that dung beetles' thoracic horns are built by the same gene network as wings, pushing traditional ideas about novelty. The researchers knocked down genes in the wing gene network and found that it also controlled horn formation.
Leslie Gonzalez, a Texas Heart Institute perfusion student, has been awarded the prestigious Perfusion Without Borders scholarship. She will travel with The Novick Cardiac Alliance to Medellin, Colombia in February 2020, gaining experience on global perfusion practices and preparing for lifelong involvement in mission work.
Researchers at St. Pölten UAS have developed an open-source protocol for secure data transmission using ultrasound, enabling users to control app communication and protect user privacy. The technology, called SoniTalk, has potential applications in industries such as IoT, Industry 4.0, and digitalisation.
Scientists have developed a new high-performance optical cavity for terahertz frequencies, increasing the sensitivity of spectroscopic gas analysis. The new technology enables detection of biomarkers in breath and complex gas mixtures found in industrial emissions.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to treat breast cancer by harnessing the power of bacterial proteins to deliver targeted therapies. The new strategy involves the use of non-toxic bacterial amyloids as reservoirs for antitumoral proteins, leading to a sustained release and increased efficacy.
Researchers explore controlled environment agriculture as a means to address urban food systems, offering advantages such as year-round crop production and reduced energy consumption. The study highlights the potential for controlled environments to increase food security and support local economies.
Researchers found ribose and other essential sugars in meteorites, indicating an extraterrestrial origin. The discovery suggests that these sugars could have contributed to the formation of primordial RNA on Earth.
A new Army-funded project has successfully developed a carbon nanotube technology that exceeds 100GHz in radio frequency applications, surpassing traditional RF-CMOS technology. This breakthrough could enable faster and more efficient communication systems for the military.
A new study uses deep neural networks to accurately assess neurological disorders in rats and mice, identifying key features of motor impairments. This breakthrough technology has the potential to standardize diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders, enabling early interventions and improved patient outcomes.
In a mouse model of liver cancer, researchers found that activating the Hippo molecular signaling pathway in tumor cells drives growth, while suppressing it in surrounding healthy cells inhibits tumor growth. Systemic inhibition of Yap and Taz could have unwanted consequences by blocking tumor-suppressing abilities of healthy cells.
Longer periods spent in less affluent neighborhoods increase women's risk of experiencing intimate partner violence between ages 18 and 21. Women living in more deprived areas are 36% more likely to experience this type of violence.
A new study from Aarhus University found that three common anti-epileptic drugs in Denmark are associated with an increased risk of suicide, but the risk is low and should be balanced against the medicines' beneficial effects. The study identified 40-60 suicides per year among people treated with these drugs.
The Nature Index supplement reveals that Chinese and US researchers co-authored over 4,600 articles between 2015 and 2018, showcasing the resilience of international collaboration. In contrast, UK-EU collaborations have stagnated since 2016, despite growth in high-energy physics and genetics research.
Researchers found that germ-free mouse lungs developed better under high oxygen conditions than non-germ-free mice, with decreased inflammation and improved lung function. This discovery may help develop therapeutic interventions for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants.
A study found that certain bulbs can persist in warm-season lawns, providing nutrition for pollinating insects. Five bulbs persisted for multiple years, including crocus and grape hyacinth, which attracted pollinators. The researchers suggest incorporating proven forage sources into landscapes to support pollinator health.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered a way to strengthen bone structure using computer software, potentially treating osteoporosis and creating lightweight materials for the aerospace industry. The team found that horizontal rod-like struts play a crucial role in extending the fatigue life of bone.
A study by University of Basel researchers found that a cellular pump restricts bacterial growth in host cells by causing magnesium shortage. This discovery provides new insights into the role of NRAMP1 transporter in combating intracellular pathogens.
A University of Michigan AI solution, INDIGO, can predict how current drugs can be combined to create more effective tuberculosis treatments. The tool identified several strong combinations, including those with antipsychotics and antimalarials.
A research team at Trinity College Dublin has discovered that PKM2 is a central 'on' switch for immune cells involved in psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Interfering with PKM2 blocks these cells and limits inflammation, offering new potential treatments for these diseases.
Researchers used Escher's woodcut to predict crystalline body deformation under external forces, revealing a connection between hyperbolic spaces and plastic deformation. The study proposes a new mathematical description of complex material deformation phenomena.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found that regular foot patrols in two forest reserves reduced illicit activity by over half between 2012 and 2016. The patrols led to the arrest of six poachers, destruction of hundreds of hectares of cocoa farms, and a significant decline in gunshots and snares used to capture game.
Global COPD death rates declined between 1995 and 2017, but the total number of deaths increased as aging populations contributed to rising mortality. Measures to reduce exposure to risk factors, such as tobacco control policies, have had a positive effect on reducing overall COPD death rates.