Scientists have discovered that supercentenarians, people over 110, have an excess of cytotoxic CD4 T-cells, which may be key to their immunity. This finding could provide new insights into the mechanisms of healthy aging and immunosurveillance.
Researchers found that urbanization decreases 'flashiness' -- rise and fall rates of water flow in streams -- in arid urban watersheds. This is the opposite pattern observed in wetter regions like the East. The study suggests lessons for better stormwater management everywhere.
Researchers found that siloxanes increase biogas reactivity, leading to faster ignition and energy release. Harnessing siloxanes could bolster energy production from biogas, reducing costs and making it a more economically attractive option for landfill operators.
North Carolina State University researchers have developed a more efficient method for converting sewage sludge and restaurant grease into methane. By increasing the amount of grease in the mixture, they were able to achieve a 75% ratio of grease to biosolids, resulting in a significantly higher methane yield.
Researchers at Lund University have discovered a protein, Lin28b, that allows self-reactive B-1 cells to develop in mice. These cells produce antibodies against the body's own substances, but are beneficial in cleaning up dead cells and preventing inflammation.
Visualizing heat flow in bamboo reveals its natural structure and thermal properties, enabling the development of sustainable and energy-efficient buildings. The study aims to reduce carbon emissions by using renewable materials like bamboo, which can help mitigate climate change.
Researchers have identified key antibodies that can protect against severe forms of malaria, providing hope for the development of an effective vaccine. The study's findings, published in Cell Host & Microbe, show promise for new approaches to combatting the disease.
Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is repressed during cell division to protect the genome. The researchers identified CDK1 as the key regulator of this repression, decoupling conditional control and halting autophagy until the cell division process is complete.
A study by University at Buffalo researchers finds that a trade deal between the US and Central American countries led to an increase in unhealthy food imports, including industrial sweeteners and processed foods. The research highlights the need for policymakers to consider the impact of trade agreements on diet and health.
A new report by The Lancet finds that climate change is having devastating effects on the world's children, with rising temperatures leading to malnutrition, infectious diseases, and air pollution. If left unchecked, this will have a lifelong impact on their health unless immediate action is taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
A team of Harvard researchers has developed a new method to track rapid evolution in yeast, using DNA 're-barcoding' to follow specific genomes over approximately 1,000 generations. This approach could lead to more accurate predictions for the dominant influenza strains, enabling effective flu vaccine development.
Scientists uncover genetic differences in gene expression that underlie species-specific songs, revealing a key role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in song learning. The study sheds new light on the evolution of animal behaviors.
A new study found that trained family doctors can significantly reduce depression in abused women by improving their perceived doctor support and increasing their self-efficacy. Women who received counseling from a doctor trained to recognize and respond to domestic violence reported greater confidence, support, and reduced depression.
A recent study led by Tulane researchers reveals that while more adults are attempting weight loss, the average BMI of Americans continues to increase. Researchers found that only a minority of those who tried to lose weight achieved success, highlighting the need for effective weight loss strategies.
The study's innovative approach uses a multi-electrode interface to deliver variable targeted stimuli to the spinal cord, increasing the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation and potentially treating a wider range of individuals. The technology has also shown promise in diagnostics, allowing for the assessment of residual activity in th...
A Mayo Clinic study found that men reported higher levels of physical activity and greater confidence in maintaining good health habits compared to women. Women, however, had lower self-reported levels of physical activity and lower confidence in their ability to maintain it.
NASA's Terra satellite captured a massive image of fires and smoke from Australia's bushfires, spanning the southern Pacific Ocean. Over 1.1 million hectares have burned since September, with more than 70 fires still raging in Queensland.
A study published in The BMJ found substantial variation in bowel cancer rates after colonoscopies in England, with lower rates seen at NHS providers. Reducing this variation could prevent or diagnose more cancers earlier, the researchers suggest.
A randomized clinical trial in Australia tested whether a dose of naloxone administered through the nose was as effective as the same dose delivered by injection to reverse opioid overdose. The study found that nasal naloxone was just as effective as injectable naloxone in preventing the need for a rescue dose within 10 minutes.
A recent study found that the Tianjin Port explosion significantly increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Bohai Sea, with a 308.49 micromole N increase per square meter per day. The study suggests that the impact area of the explosion on the Bohai Sea is approximately 1/5 of its total area.
Researchers found a 95% increased risk of frailty among those who self-reported regular use of prescription pain and/or sleep medications. Co-use of multiple prescription medications also increased frailty risk, with effects observed for pain-only and sleep-only prescriptions.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that lithium can reverse cognitive problems caused by radiation damage in mice, improving memory capacity and learning capability. The study suggests a potential new treatment for damage caused by brain tumor radiotherapy.
A new study in Malawi found that sex workers prioritize convenience when accessing HIV-prevention medication, with family planning clinics and non-governmental drop-in centers being preferred locations. The women also emphasized the importance of extra health services, male healthcare providers, and convenient dosing schedules.
Researchers found that bariatric weight-loss surgery can release toxic chemicals like PCBs and organochlorine pesticides stored in fat into the bloodstream. Patients born before 1976 showed higher levels of these compounds due to greater exposure to environmental toxins.
The RIVERS project explores the relationship between water and indigenous human rights, analyzing traditional knowledge and its impact on extractive projects and international law. Empirical case studies in Colombia, Nepal, and the UN system highlight the need for a new understanding of water beyond nature and culture.
Biomedical researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center have developed a new rapid blood assay called PERSEVERE to detect and stratify sepsis. The test accurately predicts patient risk of death from sepsis, enabling early medical interventions with greater precision.
Research identifies GCAM1 transcription factor crucial for secondary bud formation in liverworts, revealing a common mechanism with angiosperms. This breakthrough has potential applications for increasing crop production through controlled axillary shoot formation.
Cleveland Clinic researchers have identified a novel target for anti-fibrotic therapies: the TRPV4-PI3Kγ complex. This complex amplifies TGF-β signaling to generate myofibroblasts, which produce and contract extracellular matrix to form scar tissue. The study offers promising support for new treatment approaches.
New study from the Francis Crick Institute reveals that telomere t-loops are crucial for protecting chromosomes from damage by adopting a lasso-like structure. The research also uncovered the mechanism that regulates the winding and unwinding of these t-loops, essential for maintaining chromosome integrity.
A study of 6,980 pediatric solid organ transplant recipients found that 15.6% were hospitalized with a vaccine-preventable infection within the first five years after transplant, 87 times higher than in the general population. The researchers call for improved immunization rates to reduce this risk.
A new study by Berkeley Lab suggests that the East Asian Monsoon will shift geographically as the climate warms, leading to less rainfall in certain regions. The researchers used global climate models to investigate changes in the Hadley cell, resulting in a contraction of monsoon rains towards the equator during summer months.
Researchers successfully applied phage therapy to mice with alcohol-related liver disease, eradicating the disease by targeting destructive gut bacteria. Nearly 90% of patients with cytolysin-positive alcoholic hepatitis died within 180 days, but phage therapy showed promise in treating the condition.
Researchers discovered a new way to optimize PSMA-targeted prostate cancer treatment by adjusting peptide concentrations, reducing tumor uptake and salivary gland damage. The study suggests that setting an optimal molar activity level can minimize adverse effects while maintaining therapeutic efficacy.
A 7-year prospective cohort study found that early use of regional anesthesia is associated with sustained pain benefits throughout rehabilitation and recovery. The study suggests that effective, agile pain interventions can play an important role in reducing future pain.
A study of 1,369 children found that high levels of good cholesterol and bad fats at birth can predict social and emotional development issues at age 5. Children with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low triglycerides showed improved psychological ratings from teachers.
A new biomarker, plectin, has been identified in cancer stem cells, which govern cancer survival and spread. Plectin's translocation onto the cell surface is linked to tumor invasion and metastasis, making it a potential target for drug development.
Birch bark tar was the world's oldest glue, used in the Palaeolithic Period and up to late antiquity, according to recent research. Archaeological artefacts suggest it was procured despite birch scarcity, highlighting the strength of traditional practices among the Gauls.
Researchers found a 75% reduction in gastric cancer risk after eliminating Helicobacter pylori infection. Higher rates of gastric cancer were observed among African American, Asian, and Hispanic populations, as well as men who smoke.
A Dartmouth study analyzed prescription records of 2.5 million Medicare beneficiaries and found that taking any one fracture-associated drug doubles a person's risk, while taking three or more increases it four-fold. The most hazardous combinations included opioids with sedatives, diuretics, or PPIs.
Researchers found that emergency blankets provided insufficient thermal insulation, leading to decreased sleep efficiency and increased fatigue. The study suggests that simple measures such as wearing down jackets can help regulate body temperature and improve sleep quality in low-temperature environments.
Researchers have developed a new material that combines semiconducting properties with intrinsic stretchability and full degradability. The material can be stretched to twice its normal length without compromising electrical performance and degrades completely within 10 days in a weak acid.
A new study suggests that researchers might be able to detect black hole mergers by observing the effect of their merger on a nearby gas disk. If successful, this would allow astronomers to pinpoint the cosmic location of these events and study them in greater detail.
Scientists at Skoltech developed a novel p-type flexible transparent conductor using single-walled carbon nanotubes, which opens new avenues for its applications. The newly developed conductor achieved a record power conversion efficiency of 8.8% in solar cells, outperforming traditional amorphous silicon solar cells.
A team of researchers has generated multi-millijoule 3-cycle pulses at an unprecedented average power level of 318 W, paving the way for industrial applications. The achievement marks a significant milestone in few-cycle laser technology and opens up new possibilities for highly parallelized material processing.
A new study reveals that frail patients are at a significantly higher risk of death after even minor surgeries, including laparoscopic gallbladder removal. The researchers found that patients classified as frail or very frail had mortality rates of up to 43% after moderate-stress procedures.
A VA-funded study found that frail surgery patients are at a significantly higher risk of mortality, even after low-risk procedures. Mortality rates were alarmingly high, with 30-day death rates ranging from 1.6% to 43%. The researchers recommend assessing frailty before any surgical procedure and focusing on pre-operative interventions.
Researchers developed a scalable method to grow orthorhombic molybdenum oxide (α-MoO3) nanosheets on graphene substrates using van der Waals epitaxial growth. The nanosheets retain bulk-like structural and electrical properties even at thicknesses of 2-3 layers, making them suitable for optoelectronic devices and power electronics.
A team of researchers from the University of Arizona has discovered a mechanism creating complex carbon molecules, such as C60, in a simulated planetary nebula environment. The study suggests that these molecules are derived from silicon carbide dust made by dying stars and can be dispersed throughout the interstellar medium.
Yale researchers have discovered hyperhotspots in the human genome that are up to 170-times more sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, potentially leading to a new way of predicting skin cancer risk. By analyzing these hyperhotspots, doctors could gain a better understanding of a patient's exposure history and skin cancer risk.
Researchers from IBE and Globe Institute rebuilt proteins from a 2-million-year-old fossil, clarifying the evolutionary history of hominids. The technique has shed light on the ancient DNA techniques' limitations, allowing for clearer understanding of human and great ape lineage.
Researchers at Marshall University found that universal maternal toxicology screening, including gabapentin, led to increased identification of co-exposure and improved timely treatment for newborns experiencing withdrawal symptoms. This resulted in shorter hospital stays, averaging 48 days compared to 58 days before the screening began.
Researchers have discovered a way in which leukemia cells can change their identity to become macrophages, a process known as transdifferentiation. This transformation occurs through epigenetic changes that alter the cell's genetic material, allowing it to acquire new functions and behaviors.
Researchers developed an electronic nose that can non-destructively detect odors emitted by books of different paper compositions and ages. The device distinguished between paper from cotton, linen, or wood, as well as identified acidic and yellowing papers.
A Baylor University study found that strong same-sex friendships among male firefighters can help reduce job stress, but loving relationships with their wives may increase anxiety. The 'marriage effect' was a surprise, as married men have better health and lower mortality risk compared to single or divorced men.
Researchers at DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory develop novel parallel strategy for turbulent flow simulation on Summit. The approach successfully solves large-scale problems, revolutionizing the field of computational fluid dynamics.
A new study reveals that hydropower's climate impact is not as environmentally friendly as thought, with some facilities emitting more greenhouse gases than fossil fuels. However, in the long-term, hydropower has a smaller climate benefit compared to methane emissions.
Researchers at KAIST developed AI technology that automatically detects safe moments for AI agents to provide conversation services to drivers. The technology was tested on a real-world driving dataset and demonstrated an accuracy of 87% in determining opportune moments for driver interruption.
Tropical Storm Fengshen strengthened in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, with NASA's Terra satellite detecting very high-powered storms and cold cloud top temperatures circling the center. Infrared data indicates strong storms capable of generating heavy rainfall.
New research reveals that multilayer graphene behaves differently when bent a little versus a lot, with two distinct regimes of stiffness and flexibility identified. This discovery has implications for the creation of machines that can interact with cells or biological material.
Researchers have identified a cluster of over 800 genes that evolved to become 'plastic', allowing modern Daphnia to adjust its gene expression in response to phosphorus levels. This adaptability helps mitigate the effects of eutrophication, a major global threat to freshwater environments.