Researchers developed a unique film-based photosensitizer that efficiently produces singlet oxygen with enhanced photochemical stability and visible light absorption, paving the way for practical applications in sterilization, water purification, and PDT.
Researchers have uncovered surprising complexity behind ancient ostrich egg production, tracing origins to specific climatic zones and routes. The study also suggests eggs were taken from wild birds' nests despite evidence of captivity, adding luxury value due to risk and storage requirements.
Researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology successfully developed an alloy with silicon that can emit light, paving the way for photonic chips. The breakthrough could lead to faster data transfer, reduced energy consumption, and new applications in self-driving cars and medical diagnosis.
Researchers developed an online tool to refine results from RNA sequencing obtained from clinically-accessible tissues. The study found that 40.2% of non-clinically-available tissues have inadequate splicing representation in at least one clinically-available tissue.
Researchers observe the atomic growth way of Pt3Ni-Ni(OH)2 core-shell structure at gas-liquid interface using in-situ liquid cell TEM. Experiment results reveal underlying growth and transformation mechanisms, shedding light on rational design of metal-2D core-shell structures.
The American Geriatrics Society has outlined recommendations to address COVID-19 concerns for older adults in nursing homes. The policy brief highlights the need for increased production and distribution of personal protective equipment, symptom management supplies, and end-of-life care resources.
A recent analysis published in Dermatologic Therapy suggests that probiotics may be an effective alternative to traditional treatments for acne. The study found that probiotics can reduce inflammation and help the skin's natural defenses against acne, but further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Research shows that juvenile crown of thorns starfish can delay their diet shift to coral for at least 6.5 years, allowing them to build up populations on reefs in the absence of coral. This delayed transition complicates efforts to manage the starfish population and may trigger a feedback mechanism in their transition to coral predators.
A recent study on Uganda finds that climate change can lead to a 20% decline in economic output due to reduced labor supply and increased food consumption. The analysis suggests that households will need to adapt to changing temperatures through strategies such as crop diversification and irrigation.
The Human Reference Interactome (HuRI) map charts 52,569 interactions between 8,275 human proteins, providing insights into protein function and disease mechanisms. The data reveal new cellular roles for human proteins and molecular mechanisms behind diseases like cancer and COVID-19.
A multi-site study found that online and blended instruction produced similar learning outcomes to traditional in-person classes, with students scoring higher on course assignments but reporting slightly lower satisfaction. The study also showed significant cost savings, with blended instruction lowering costs by 15-19% and fully onlin...
A new study corrects systematic errors in ocean temperature data using empirical correction schemes, improving the homogeneity of global databases. The technique significantly reduces biases, especially during the 1940-1970 period, crucial for climate change studies.
A new 12-week clinical trial found that heat-inactivated Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 improved IBS symptoms by at least 30% in 34% of patients compared to 19% on placebo. The treatment was also associated with a strong placebo effect, but the dead bacterial cells were still significantly better than placebo.
A recent study led by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute found that Fijians carrying a pneumonia-causing bacteria are more likely to be of iTaukei ethnicity, young, living in urban areas, or with low family income. The study also linked toddlers and children under six years old to a higher burden of pneumococcal bacteria.
A new study found that people are no better than chance at identifying false memories of committing a crime, even when told they're fake. The research used videos from a previous study where participants were tricked into believing they had committed a crime, and found that many true memories looked like false ones.
A mindfulness-based stress reduction class improved gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life for adults with irritable bowel syndrome. Acting with awareness was found to be particularly beneficial, possibly by reducing fears and worries.
An experimental study found that high-quality online courses can achieve the same learning outcomes as traditional classes, with cost savings ranging from 15-81%. However, student satisfaction was slightly lower for online students due to lack of experience and relevant skills in an online environment.
Cancer drugs are detected in water systems due to human excretion and wastewater treatment facilities. Researchers urge proactive measures to identify potential gaps in knowledge regarding the consequences of anti-neoplastic exposure on aquatic organisms.
The Belle II experiment has analyzed a small amount of data collected during the start-up phase of SuperKEKB in 2018. The analysis did not provide any indication of the Z' boson, but it did limit the mass and coupling strengths of the particle with previously unattainable accuracy. This result does not rule out the existence of the Z' ...
NASA's IMERG satellite rainfall product reveals intense precipitation rates of over 30 millimeters per hour from Hurricane Harold's core region, resulting in significant flooding rains and strong winds.
Excess weight in pre-schoolers is linked to a higher risk of lower limb fractures (42% increase) and upper limb fractures (19% increase) compared to normal-weight children. Overweight and obesity are associated with significantly higher fracture risks.
Researchers at the University of Freiburg have discovered that cancer-causing mutations in the KRAS gene lead to inflammation and slow down tumor growth. The study, led by Prof. Dr. Robert Zeiser, shows that K-Ras plays a dual role in both cancer development and immune response.
Patients who undergo peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) may develop severe heartburn and regurgitation that requires antireflux surgery. Researchers report this complication, highlighting the need to identify which patients might still benefit from POEM.
This observational study examines postoperative death and hospital readmission among adults with type 2 diabetes who had a prescription for metformin before major surgery. The results suggest that preoperative metformin use is associated with improved surgical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
A new study at LSU's Pennington Biomedical Research Center investigates the metabolic consequences of short-term weight gain, which may negatively impact health in the long term. Researchers found that even temporary weight fluctuations can alter physiology and increase risk of heart disease and insulin resistance.
Researchers developed a new pinto bean variety, TARS-LH1, with increased resistance to leafhoppers and drought tolerance. The new crop has broad adaptation to different climates and could contribute to reducing pesticide use in common bean farming.
A research team led by Jonathan Losos will sequence the genomes of 200 species of Anolis lizards and introduce genetic changes using CRISPR to test their effects on adaptation. The study aims to identify genes responsible for evolutionary adaptation in Central American lizards.
Researchers found a gene influencing structural color in butterflies, which produces intricate nanostructures with optical properties. The study also reveals that most butterfly patterns have a mix of pigment color and structural color, with the latter having a stronger impact on wing color.
Researchers developed a new imaging technique, XDFI-CT, to visualize the 3D internal structure of the nipple. The study reveals three distinct types of duct arrangements and provides evidence for the 'sick lobe theory' that non-invasive breast cancer begins in a single mammary lobe.
Researchers confirm early plant cultivation in southwestern Amazonia, dating back to 10,350 years ago, with evidence of manioc and squash. The discovery suggests that the earliest inhabitants were not just hunter-gatherers but also engaged in plant cultivation.
A new international study found that starting smoking at a young age significantly increases the likelihood of becoming a daily smoker as an adult. The study analyzed data from over 6,600 participants and found that even children who only tried smoking minimally were more likely to end up as daily adult smokers. The results support Tob...
A new research project called SpinAge aims to develop a neuromorphic computer system that can mimic the human brain's synapses and neurons, increasing computer performance by up to 100,000 times. The project, coordinated by Aarhus University, seeks to reduce energy consumption in current computing systems by at least a factor of 100.
Scientists are closely monitoring remdesivir trials for COVID-19 treatment, despite caution from infectious disease experts about difficult-to-interpret results. The antiviral drug blocks RNA polymerase used by SARS-CoV-2 to replicate, showing promise in lab experiments and animal studies.
Patients with lung cancer in China who knew their diagnosis survived longer than those who did not, with a median survival time of 18.33 months versus 8.77 months. The study suggests that full disclosure of cancer diagnoses can benefit patients in the long term with proper communication and support.
Researchers at Northwestern University found that a damaged fertilized egg sends a molecular signal to the mother that protects her from cellular stress and environmental damage. This allows the mother to live longer and produce healthier eggs.
László Kürti, a Rice University chemist, has received a prestigious grant to speed up drug design by simplifying the synthesis of essential precursors. The five-year grant will support research into amines and their derivatives, which are present in most drug molecules. This could lead to more environmentally friendly drug development.
A study conducted by Greek and Norwegian researchers found that refugees in Greece are facing high levels of trauma, sleep problems, and concentration difficulties. The longer they stay in the camps, the worse their health situation becomes, especially for vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and women.
A study published in Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology examined the effect of the Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP) on stillbirth rates. The findings suggest that other public health measures are responsible for the decline in stillbirth rate in Scotland, not the GAP program.
Researchers found that lobsters in Sardinia can eat and break down larger plastic particles, releasing smaller fragments into their intestines. These tiny particles, or "secondary" microplastics, could be more bioavailable to smaller creatures in the deep-sea food chain.
A new prognostic tool called IPS-E predicts how long CLL patients can wait before starting treatment, helping alleviate frustration and improve decision making. The tool is based on three widely available tests and categorizes patients into low, intermediate, or high risk of needing treatment within five years.
Researchers have developed a simple method to detect tiny imperfections in next-generation solar cells, boosting their efficiency. By using a camera to analyze infrared light emitted from the cells, they can identify and adjust manufacturing processes to improve quality control.
UC San Diego researchers have created soft, flexible robots using a new method that doesn't require special equipment or long manufacturing times. The 'flexoskeletons' are made from 3D printing and can be assembled quickly and easily, making them potentially suitable for large-scale deployment.
A study published in Arthritis & Rheumatology found a significant increase in autoimmunity prevalence in the US population between 1988 and 2012. The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) rose from 11.0% in 1988 to 15.9% in 2011-2012, affecting an estimated 41 million individuals.
A modelling study suggests that relaxing control measures in regions outside Hubei province could lead to a second wave of COVID-19 infection, with cases potentially exceeding 1 and resulting in higher health and economic loss. The study advises policymakers to fine-tune control measures using real-time monitoring of transmissibility a...
A Swedish study found that children of parents with mental illness are at a higher risk of injuries, particularly during the first year of life. The risk remains elevated even after age 17, and is slightly higher for common parental disorders such as depression and anxiety.
Researchers at MIT have successfully cooled sodium lithium molecules down to 200 billionths of a Kelvin using collisional cooling, enabling the potential for molecule-based quantum computing. The technique involved making the molecules and atoms spin in sync, avoiding 'bad' collisions that heated or destroyed the molecules.
A study of 519,513 UK adults found a significant correlation between depression and obesity. Antidepressant prescriptions also increased with rising weight, highlighting the need for tailored guidance.
The technique successfully removes even the tiniest contaminants down to the atomic scale, achieving an unprecedented level of cleanliness. The research also explored the origins and mechanisms of recontamination at the nanoscale, revealing surface diffusion and airborne contamination.
The discovery reveals that early human inhabitants of the Amazon tamed wild plants to grow manioc, squash and maize, creating 4,700 'forest islands' in northern Bolivia. This study confirms South West Amazonia as a center of plant domestication around 11,000 years ago.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a high-repetition-rate laser source producing coherent soft x-rays spanning the entire 'water window', enabling new applications in chemistry and biology. The system, capable of 100 kHz repetition rates, demonstrates a significant improvement over existing sources.
Researchers have developed a way to protect thin, flexible neural interfaces from the biological processes of the human body. The new technology uses thermally grown silicon dioxide to create a biocompatible barrier that lasts for more than six years.
A team of scientists from MIT has found evidence to contradict previous claims that the Earth's magnetic field existed beyond 3.5 billion years ago. The researchers studied zircons excavated from an ancient outcrop in Western Australia and concluded that these minerals are unreliable as recorders of ancient magnetic fields.
The study highlights the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on displaced populations, who are often stigmatized and blamed for disease spread. The authors share lessons learned from past epidemics to inform a more effective, inclusive COVID-19 response.
A recent study published in Neurology found an association between long-term air pollution exposure and a steeper rate of cognitive decline in individuals living in urban areas. Participants who lived in areas with higher levels of air pollution scored lower on thinking and memory tests and experienced faster declines in cognitive skills.
Women with IBD had higher rates of Caesarean section and intrauterine growth retardation compared to those without IBD. Those with mild Crohn's disease did as well during pregnancy as women without IBD, but those with more severe disease experienced increased miscarriage and low birth weight.
Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery about the function of actin, a crucial protein in cells, by uncovering its atomic-scale structure as it is modified. The research reveals that actin's modification plays a key role in regulating its ability to form filaments and interact with other proteins.
A new study found that social movements lose popular approval when action is disruptive. Researchers conducted six experiments to understand the 'activist's dilemma' and how movements can overcome it. The findings suggest that activists should weigh their options carefully to achieve their objectives.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory develop a novel approach to ultrafast imaging of single sucrose nanoclusters using XFEL pulses, finding that shorter pulse lengths are better for optimal signal degradation. The study's computer modeling will help optimize future experiments.
A new modelling paper from Ontario indicates that dynamic physical distancing measures can reduce COVID-19 transmission while providing periodic psychological and economic relief. The study shows that modulating response measures can prevent ICU overloads without overwhelming the healthcare system.
The study found significant increases in antinuclear antibody prevalence in the US population, particularly among males and adolescents. The researchers suggest changes in lifestyle or environment may be involved in these increases.