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Science News for August 12, 2020


Programmed bacteria have something extra

Researchers successfully engineered bacteria to produce a synthetic building block, a 21st amino acid, which prompts the bacteria to produce a protein that fluoresces under metabolic stress. This breakthrough enables the design of novel proteins and organisms with useful functions.

SourceRice University·JournalChem·DateAug 12, 2020

Stay-at-home orders significantly associated with reduced spread of COVID-19, study finds

A recent study published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases found that stay-at-home orders significantly slowed the spread of COVID-19 in the United States. The study analyzed data from 45 states with stay-at-home orders and found an average doubling time increase of 12.27 days, indicating significant slowing of disease spread.

SourceBrown University·JournalThe Journal of Infectious Diseases·DateAug 12, 2020

Glass blowing inspires new class of quantum sensors

A team of scientists, led by RMIT University, has developed a new class of quantum sensors using high-performance diamond particles embedded in conventional glass fibers. This breakthrough enables the creation of cheap quantum sensor networks for applications such as underwater monitoring and mining.

SourceRMIT University·JournalAPL Materials·DateAug 12, 2020

New generation of drugs show early efficacy against drug-resistant TB

A new international study has shown that a newly developed treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is highly effective, with an 85% success rate among patients with serious comorbidities. The regimens, bedaquiline and delamanid, offer a promising alternative to the historical standard of care, which has approxim...

SourceHarvard Medical School·JournalAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·DateAug 12, 2020

OECD countries' politicians follow each other

The study found that democratic countries tend to copy each other's decisions, while the timing of implementation is crucial in containing the spread. The researchers conclude that political decisions during the pandemic were influenced by internal pressure and a desire for decisiveness.

SourceLinköping University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 12, 2020

Nutrition labelling is improving nation's diet - new study

A new study finds that Front-of-Pack labelling on food products leads to a reduction in the quantity of labelled store-branded food purchased and an overall improvement in nutritional composition of consumers' shopping baskets. The study, published in the Journal of Health Economics, shows significant improvements in poorer households.

SourceUniversity of Bath·JournalJournal of Health Economics·DateAug 12, 2020

A quick, cost-effective method to track the spread of COVID-19

A team of scientists from Hokkaido University has successfully developed an adsorption-extraction technique to efficiently detect SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater. This breakthrough method, using a surrogate virus like murine hepatitis virus, offers a fast and economical way to track the spread of COVID-19 at a larger scale.

SourceHokkaido University·JournalThe Science of The Total Environment·DateAug 12, 2020

Seafood study finds plastic in all samples

A new study found that five different types of seafood - oysters, prawns, squid, crabs, and sardines - contain plastic, with varying levels of pollution. The research used a newly developed method to identify and measure five different plastic types, revealing surprising differences in the amount of plastic present among species.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·DateAug 12, 2020

The oldest known cremation in the near east dates to 7000 BC

A study published in PLOS ONE has uncovered the oldest known cremation site in the Near East, dating back to 7013-6700 BC. The remains of a young adult found in Beisamoun, Israel, show evidence of intentional cremation, suggesting a cultural shift in funeral practices during this period.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·DateAug 12, 2020

Stress and anger may exacerbate heart failure

A new study published in the Journal of Cardiac Failure found that mental stress and anger can exacerbate heart failure by worsening diastolic function. Patients who experienced anger during the study exhibited worse baseline resting blood pressure, while most participants showed stress-provoked changes in diastolic function.

SourceYale University·JournalJournal of Cardiac Failure·DateAug 12, 2020

Pressure-induced 2D-3D conversion in hybrid lead iodide layered perovskite

Researchers successfully converted a 2D hybrid Dion-Jacobson lead iodide perovskite to a 3D perovskite phase at ambient conditions after pressure treatment. This process enables the use of high-pressure techniques for preparing materials with improved properties, suitable for real-world applications in optoelectronics and luminescence.

SourceCenter for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 12, 2020

Unlocking how cellular proteins control cancer spread

A McGill-led study unlocks the behavior of an enzyme involved in cancer cell spread, revealing a delicate interaction between PRL3 and magnesium transport proteins crucial to colorectal cancer growth. This finding calls into question long-standing hypotheses about PRL3's role in cancer spread.

SourceMcGill University·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·DateAug 12, 2020

Having COVID-19

The article describes an author's COVID-19 experience, providing a unique perspective on the disease. Key findings include physical symptoms and health outcomes associated with having COVID-19.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Cardiology·DateAug 12, 2020

Mutations may have saved brown howlers from yellow fever virus

A University of Utah study found that genetic variations in brown howlers may have helped them survive the devastating yellow fever virus outbreak in Argentina's El Piñalito park. The researchers discovered three mutations in the immune genes of surviving brown howlers, which could affect their response to the disease.

SourceUniversity of Utah·JournalAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology·DateAug 12, 2020

Why black rhinos may get sick in captivity

A study published in PLOS ONE found that captive black rhinoceroses have higher iron levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress compared to white rhinoceroses. This suggests a link between iron accumulation and the development of diseases like organ failure.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·DateAug 12, 2020

Survival on heart transplant waiting list

This observational study found that advanced treatment protocols significantly improved survival rates for heart transplant waiting list patients. Researchers examined data from over 11,000 patients and discovered a strong correlation between timely interventions and better outcomes.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Cardiology·DateAug 12, 2020

Comparing yoga, other treatments for anxiety

A randomized clinical trial found Kundalini yoga and cognitive behavioral therapy to be more effective than stress education in treating generalized anxiety disorder. Yoga was shown to be noninferior to CBT for the treatment of the disorder, suggesting a potential alternative or complement to traditional therapies.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Psychiatry·DateAug 12, 2020

SMART researchers find new way to make bacteria more sensitive to antibiotics

A team at SMART has found that exposing bacteria to hydrogen sulfide can increase antimicrobial sensitivity in bacteria that do not produce H2S, potentially providing a breakthrough in treating drug-resistant infections. The study suggests that the results may be applicable to all bacteria that do not naturally produce H2S.

Perovskite and organic solar cells rocketed into space

Researchers sent perovskite and organic solar cells on a rocket into space, withstanding extreme conditions to produce power from direct sunlight and reflective light. The technology offers a promising solution for future space missions, as it is incredibly light and flexible, producing up to 14 milliwatts per square centimeter.

SourceCell Press·JournalJoule·DateAug 12, 2020

How stars form in the smallest galaxies

Researchers have found that dormant small galaxies can slowly accumulate gas over billions of years, allowing for the formation of new stars. The study's findings shed light on the mysterious process of star formation in dwarf galaxies, providing insights into astrophysical processes.

SourceLund University·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateAug 12, 2020

Quieting the storm

Researchers at Harvard Medical School used acupuncture to regulate inflammatory responses and improve survival in mice with cytokine storm. The study found that site, intensity, and timing of treatment influenced the response.

SourceHarvard Medical School·JournalNeuron·DateAug 12, 2020

A novel strategy for quickly identifying twitter trolls

A novel strategy for quickly identifying Twitter trolls uses linguistic features, including repeated words and word pairs, to distinguish between genuine and deceptive messages. The algorithm requires as few as 50 tweets for accurate identification, offering a potential tool for combating hybrid warfare while preserving freedom of speech.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·DateAug 12, 2020

Face mask insert could help diagnose conditions

Researchers have developed a method to use face masks to collect compounds in exhaled breath aerosols for analysis, enabling large-scale screening for disease biomarkers. The new technique uses a fiber inserted into an N95 face mask to concentrate molecules, allowing for more efficient identification through mass spectrometry.

SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalAnalytical Chemistry·DateAug 12, 2020

PAD patients with depression had worse recovery, women twice as likely to be depressed

Research published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that PAD patients with depressive symptoms have a poorer recovery rate. Women are twice as likely to be depressed than men. The study highlights the importance of integrating mental health screening and treatment into chronic disease management for optimal outcomes.

SourceAmerican Heart Association·JournalJournal of the American Heart Association·DateAug 12, 2020

Group produces materials via self-organization in chemical systems

The Campinas Electrochemistry Group produces novel materials through self-organization in chemical systems. The group aims to achieve a deeper understanding of these processes to control their growth and structure. This research has the potential to lead to advancements in catalytic efficiency, selectivity, and material properties.

SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C·DateAug 12, 2020

New nitrogen products are in the air

Researchers at Yale University have developed a method to combine atmospheric nitrogen with benzene to produce aniline, a precursor to various synthetic materials. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of new products such as dyes and pharmaceuticals.

SourceYale University·JournalNature·DateAug 12, 2020

ALMA sees most distant Milky Way look-alike

Astronomers using ALMA have discovered the most distant Milky Way look-alike galaxy, SPT0418-47, which is surprisingly unchaotic and appears as a ring of light in the sky. The discovery challenges our understanding of how galaxies form and gives new insights into the past of the Universe.

SourceESO·JournalNature·DateAug 12, 2020

Efficient valves for electron spins

Researchers at the University of Basel developed a new technique for efficient control and detection of electron spins in semiconductor devices. The spin valves can be controlled individually using nanomagnets, allowing for precise determination of electron spin orientation.

SourceUniversity of Basel·JournalCommunications Physics·DateAug 12, 2020

PLOS special collection launch

The EAC's MRH initiative has streamlined timelines for medicinal product applications, decreasing from 24 months to 8-14 months. The initiative aims to improve access to quality medicines by harmonizing technical standards and regulatory requirements.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Medicine·DateAug 12, 2020

KIST finds a strong correlation between ultrasonic stroke rehabilitation treatment and brain waves

Researchers at KIST found a strong correlation between ultrasonic stroke rehabilitation treatment and changes in delta brain waves, which can improve motor functions. The study lays the foundation for developing a patient-specific stimulation method to estimate therapeutic effects.

SourceNational Research Council of Science & Technology·JournalIEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering·DateAug 12, 2020