A longitudinal study of 167 children found that early adversity increases the risk of depression by flattening testosterone slopes, leading to reduced hippocampal growth and increased emotion dysregulation. The findings suggest a need for interventions targeting mental health problems resulting from early poverty.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara have identified a gene critical to the development of columbines' iconic spurs, which has led to rapid expansion in the genus. The discovery provides new insights into how key innovations evolve and could shed light on the genetic changes underlying this trait.
According to an analysis of nearly 9,000 veterans, treatment in community facilities for elective PCI is associated with worse outcomes, including a 33% increased hazard of death within the first year after intervention. This trend may be linked to varying levels of expertise among community facilities.
A consortium of German researchers detects SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in treatment plants, estimating potential transmission risks. The study reveals 3-20 gene equivalents per millilitre of raw wastewater, indicating the degree of infection among residents.
Researchers at the University of Illinois discovered a continuous transition between solid and liquid states in soft materials. This new understanding could lead to more accurate predictions for phenomena like mudslides and avalanches.
A team of researchers found that black-naped terns adjust their migration timing and path based on typhoon activity, with those migrating during peak typhoon season targeting stopover areas. The study used geographic tracking data from 20 birds to understand how the birds respond to environmental cues and optimize their routes.
A new study found significant differences in how hospitals assess premature newborns' breathing safety in car seats, highlighting the need for clearer guidelines to ensure consistent safety practices. The research recommends improved education for parents and caregivers on proper car seat placement and post-discharge follow-up.
Research reveals that crossbreeding Holstein cows with Viking Red and Montbéliarde breeds can significantly improve fertility while maintaining milk production. The study, published in the Journal of Dairy Science, found that crossbred cows had better overall well-being, reduced costs of insemination, and longer herd life compared to p...
The study found that microorganisms with different swimming styles lose their flocking behavior when mixed, potentially reducing the risk of being eaten by aquatic predators. Researchers believe this may be an advantage in symbiotic ecosystems where bacteria and algae live together.
Children growing at higher altitudes showed variations in growth rates, with some experiencing slower growth and others faster growth compared to those living at lower elevations. The study's findings suggest that altitude may play a role in shaping children's growth patterns.
A Japanese expedition has identified a surprising melting hotspot in East Antarctica, with ice beneath Shirase Glacier Tongue melting at an alarming rate of 7-16 meters per year. This finding could significantly impact predictions of sea level rise and climate change, as the Antarctic ice sheet is Earth's largest freshwater reservoir.
Researchers from Xinjiang University developed a new core-shell nanocatalyst Au@CDs for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic nitrogen fixation, showing a 3.5-fold increase in activity compared to bare CDs.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have discovered that pigs can grow a new liver in their lymph nodes, which could potentially treat various liver diseases. The study found that large animals with damaged livers can regenerate hepatocytes, forming an ectopic liver that takes over liver functions.
A team of international researchers, led by the University of Bern, has created an electrocatalyst that improves the electrochemical reaction in fuel cells without a carbon carrier. This breakthrough technology promises stable fuel cell operation even at higher temperatures and high current density.
A new study published in Obesity found that an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) focused on weight loss lowered the incidence of obesity-related cancers in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes. The ILI reduced cancer incidence by 16% compared to a Diabetes Support and Education comparison group.
A new study published in Nature Metabolism suggests that excessive fructose consumption can lead to a leaky gut and subsequently cause fatty liver disease. The researchers found that the high fructose corn syrup disrupts the epithelial barrier protecting internal organs from bacterial toxins, leading to chronic inflammatory conditions.
A study found that nearly 85% of dialysis patients prefer CPR in the event of a cardiac arrest, despite having poor survival rates. The respondents' appreciation for life is acknowledged, but the findings highlight the need for better discussions between doctors and patients about resuscitation and end-of-life care.
A novel modality for computational light-field imaging using a diffuser as an encoder has been developed, enabling lensless imaging with adjustable spatio-angular resolutions. This approach avoids the resolution limitation of traditional sensors, allowing for viewpoint shifting, post-capture refocusing and depth sensing capabilities.
Researchers analyzed stable carbon isotope data from hominin fossils to determine the timing of dietary shifts. The study found that Paranthropus robustus and boisei had different diets, with P. boisei consuming C4-plant-based foods.
Researchers from the University of Göttingen have developed a promising new approach involving antivitamins to combat bacterial infections. The study found that antivitamins can inhibit bacterial proteins, preventing their function and leading to potential antibiotic effects.
A new study found a significant increase in Google searches for 'panic attack' and 'anxiety attack' during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team analyzed data from January 2004 to May 2020, revealing severe acute anxiety-related searches reached record highs, particularly between March 16-14, 2020.
A new study by Osaka University researchers reveals that an abnormality of the C9orf72 gene leads to toxic protein production and hinders the cell's ability to destroy defective RNA. This creates a vicious cycle that accelerates disease progression in FTLD/ALS, opening up avenues for potential therapy options.
Researchers have developed a simple, low-cost technology for subcutaneous injection of viscous formulations, making it possible to administer high-concentration biologics. The device reduces the required injection force by up to 99%, allowing for self-administration of medication and vaccines in remote areas.
Researchers found autistic nerve cells differ in structure and gene expression from typical individuals as early as 9 days into development. The study used induced pluripotent stem cells to model brain development and provides new insights into the origins of autism.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new strategy to harness sunlight and store it as carbon-neutral fuels. The study highlights the importance of catalysts in photoelectrosynthesis and proposes a less-is-more approach to improve energy efficiency.
A Danish study found that none of the most common high blood pressure medications increase depression risk, while nine lowered it. The medications enalapril and ramipril, amlodipine and other calcium antagonists, and beta-blockers like propranolol lowered depression risk.
A UVA-led team explores the potential costs of negative emissions technologies, which remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The research suggests that these technologies may not be able to offset current CO2 emissions, despite being touted as a solution by the UN and other institutions.
Researchers have deciphered the movements of platinum atoms leading to surface degradation, enabling the development of more stable catalysts. This breakthrough paves the way for longer-lasting electrochemical energy conversion devices like fuel cells in the transportation sector.
Primary care providers face increasing workload with limited time due to insurance, EMR systems, and COVID-19. Many have reduced clinical schedules or switched to hospital medicine to manage workload.
The new lens is made up of a single nanometric layer of silicon on arrays of nanoposts that interact with light. It can be used to produce high-resolution images with a wide field of view, suitable for smartphones and other devices relying on sensors.
A new study by Colorado State University predicts significant climate benefits from advanced biofuel technologies, accounting for carbon flows and comparing them to grasslands and forests. The team found clear strategies for biofuels to have a net carbon benefit, particularly in regions where planting trees is not an option.
A team of researchers at Tokyo Tech successfully used machine learning with an artificial neural network model to predict two key properties of self-assembled monolayers, enabling advanced material screening and design. This approach opens up new possibilities for the development of biomaterials with desired functions.
Researchers at IKBFU have discovered that heather is a rich source of biologically active compounds with various medicinal properties. The study found that the budding stage of heather plants contains the highest amount of flavonoids, which are of great medicinal value.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Cancer Research UK will establish the Cancer Grand Challenges program to tackle cancer research challenges. The initiative aims to facilitate global collaboration, foster innovation, and accelerate progress against cancer.
Researchers developed a machine learning workflow to streamline the analysis of liquid-phase electron microscopy videos, enabling the extraction of valuable information from nanoparticle dynamics. The new technique has potential applications in medicine, energy, environmental sustainability, and biomaterials research.
A new study found that citizens' adherence to COVID-19 social distancing measures depends on government response and citizen perception of trust. The researchers suggest policymakers explore ways to improve adherence, including providing more precise instructions and using social media channels to communicate with citizens.
Researchers at ORNL designed a novel, 3D-printed device that captures carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel plants and industrial processes. The device uses additive manufacturing to integrate a heat exchanger and mass-exchanging contactor, enhancing mass transfer and increasing efficiency.
A new smartphone app can predict asthma deterioration by measuring night-time coughing, indicating worsening symptoms. The study found a strong correlation between increased night-time coughing and subsequent worsening of asthma symptoms, suggesting the app could be a useful tool for monitoring asthma.
Researchers designed an energy-efficient transmission scheme for mmWave-enabled NOMA-UAV networks by optimizing UAV placement, hybrid precoding and power allocation. The proposed design achieved better performance in user fairness, spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency compared to other schemes without UAV placement optimization.
Scientists detected high levels of the radioactive isotope 60Fe in deep-sea sediment samples, indicating exposure to supernova ejecta. The findings suggest that supernova-produced 60Fe permeates the interstellar medium and has been deposited on Earth over the past 33,000 years.
Scientists developed a new automated movement-tracking system, LocoMouse, to capture fine details of locomotion in mice. The study identified highly-detailed 'locomotor signatures' for two mouse models, providing a roadmap for linking neurological and locomotor deficits.
A massive wildfire complex has engulfed California, with over 650 fires burning in the state. NASA's Terra satellite captured the smoke-engulfed state on August 24, 2020, revealing a pervasive smoky pall that has affected areas from California to Minnesota and Nebraska.
Fossil records show a shift from mixed feeders to grazers in herbivore diets between 3.6 and 1.05 million years ago. This change coincides with the emergence of Paranthropus and suggests Australopithecus lived in a wooded ecosystem.
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology prove the Velcro method enhances selectivity in drug particle binding based on receptor number and strength. This allows precise targeting of diseased cells while distinguishing them from healthy ones.
A team of researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina has identified a critical player in resistance to targeted therapy in lung cancer. The protein NRP2b was found to drive resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells that had become resistant to therapy, and inhibiting it caused the death of these cells.
COVID-19 infection curves showed expected exponential growth, but instead of flattening, they remained constant with a similar number of new infections every day. The complexity scientists proposed a network effect where the virus spread from cluster to cluster, leading to linear growth and low infection prevalence.
Patients with comorbidities and from deprived areas have poorer hospital outcomes, including higher death rates and longer stays. Severe comorbidity is associated with a 13-fold increased risk of in-hospital death.
The European Society for Medical Oncology has issued its first recommendations on the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for patients with metastatic cancers. The guidelines recommend routine NGS use for four specific cancer types, while also allowing patients to order larger gene panels if feasible and cost-effective. The recomme...
The team created a new routing algorithm that allows qubits to directly interact with many more qubits, giving rise to higher expected computational power. This approach outperforms the 'superconducting' devices in calculating the expected computational power.
A new global review found that big mammals like elephants, rhinos, and primates are threatened with extinction in national parks of the world's poorest countries. Illegal hunting is a major driver of population declines, particularly in Asia where stricter protected areas have higher rates of illegal hunting.
A new US study reveals that improving water productivity in certain regions and industries can help conserve water. By setting realistic benchmarks, the research found that areas with high water stress have the most potential for water savings, with around half of those gains coming from agriculture and manufacturing sectors.
The new diagnostic technique allows direct detection of disease-specific miRNA, breaking through current limitations in early disease detection. The technology is expected to be available to medical practitioners in the next five years, offering a cost-effective solution for rapid and early diagnostics.
A study published in PNAS examines how travel duration affects disease transmission in Namibia from 2010 to 2014. The researchers found that longer trips were associated with increased disease transmission in low-density areas.
Researchers have identified a new form of dementia, LATE disease, which shares symptoms with Alzheimer's but is caused by different brain processes. The study provides criteria to differentiate between frontotemporal dementia and LATE disease, offering hope for future therapy development.
Researchers at Scripps Research have identified a new class of compounds that can restart cellular production of VEGF-A, a key factor in rebuilding blood vessels and muscle in damaged heart tissue. The discovery has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases.
A new study finds that dementia may be the underlying cause of nearly three times more deaths in the US than previously thought. The study estimates that 13.6% of deaths are attributable to dementia, which is 2.7 times more than the 5.0% of death certificates that indicate dementia as an underlying cause of death.
A new species of brittle star from the Cretaceous period has been identified as Ophiomitrella floorae, honoring Dutch metal vocalist Floor Jansen. The fossil was found in a shallow, warm sea that covered parts of present-day Netherlands during the Dinosaur Era.
Texas A&M researchers have created a contagious model to accurately forecast flood water spread and recession process on urban road networks. The findings provide valuable insights into the universality of network spread processes across various systems, which can help better manage cities.
A team of scientists experimentally demonstrated nonlinearity-induced coupling of light into topological edge states using a photonic platform. They developed a general theoretical framework to explain the nonlinear process, revealing that nonlinearity enables energy flow from bulk modes into topological edge modes in linear systems.
Researchers from University of Turku and Helsinki have conducted a review on wind farm impacts on bats in the Baltic Sea region, finding that impacts have barely been investigated due to limited data. The study aims to monitor bats for several years to define high-risk areas and design measures to reduce wind turbine impact.