A research group at Graz University of Technology is developing an interactive and adaptive health information system that uses machine learning and cognitive psychology to provide personalized content. The system aims to improve doctor-patient communication, enhance health literacy, and make decisions beneficial to users' health.
Scientists at Rice University developed hybrid particles combining plasmonic nanoparticles with flexible polymer coatings to harness light energy. The resulting nanoparticles deliver improved efficiency in transferring energy from the metal core to the coating.
Researchers developed a compound that inhibits the growth of cancer cells by targeting mitochondrial function, without severe side effects. The compound prevents genetic information within mitochondria from being read, starving cancer cells into dying.
Astronomers observed a galaxy 12.8 billion light-years from Earth, revealing previously unseen details in its jet of material ejected at three-quarters the speed of light. The analysis supports theoretical models for blazar rarity in the early universe.
A new study by Berkeley Haas researchers reveals that altering holiday rituals can lead to strong moral outrage, as people resist even minor changes due to the importance of tradition and group values. The study suggests that public officials should focus on changing rituals in ways that still allow people to celebrate these values.
A study by Ben-Gurion University researchers found that digital 'foot-in-the-door' techniques can entice users to reveal more of their private information. By manipulating the presentation order and spreading out requests over multiple pages, websites can increase sign-up rates and capture more data.
The BioAFMviewer software allows for the computational emulation of AFM scanning on any biomolecular structure, generating simulated graphics and movies. This facilitates the comparison of high-resolution structural data with AFM results, aiding in the analysis and interpretation of experimental outcomes.
Researchers analyzed gene expression in the brains of thousands of individual honey bees to find consistent differences between foragers and egg-layers. The study identified 15 transcription factors that explained behavioral differences, suggesting changes in these genes can lead to strikingly different behavior.
Researchers developed a new microscopy method to visualize the building blocks of 'smart' materials being formed at the nanoscale. The technique, called VC-LCTEM, allows scientists to see the reaction taking place in real time, enabling them to understand how to speed up and control the process.
A new study by Washington State University researchers found that chronic cannabis use significantly dampens stress reactivity in female rats, but not males. The study suggests there may be significant differences in how chronic cannabis use affects males and females.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a protein called BLMP-1 that coordinates gene activity in response to environmental changes. The protein pauses development when nutrients are scarce and resumes it when conditions improve.
The molecules generated at the University of Bonn have a trapezoidal arrangement of bonding partners around the silicon atom, which is energetically unfavorable. Despite this, they are found to be extremely stable and can be stored for weeks without degradation.
A new UCPH study highlights significant trends affecting the world's forests, including drought, viral outbreaks, and vast infrastructure expansions. These trends pose severe consequences on forests and humans alike, emphasizing the need for prioritized forest conservation strategies.
Global greenhouse gas emissions could drop by 6.6 gigatons of carbon due to COVID-19 lockdowns, but recovery funding could offset gains if spent on polluting sectors. Stimulus packages targeting innovation and renewable energy can help achieve Paris Climate Agreement goals.
The global Phase 2/3 study with orally-administered opaganib in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia has received a second unanimous recommendation to continue, based on an analysis of unblinded safety data from the first 155 patients treated for 14 days. Enrollment is over 60% complete and top-line data expected in Q1/...
A new study reveals the physical and chemical interactions that sequester carbon in soil, showing layers of carbon around organic interfaces and a crucial role for nitrogen. This breakthrough technique may help develop strategies for sequestering more carbon in soil, mitigating climate change.
Researchers found that people infected with COVID-19 retain immunity for at least 8 months through virus-specific memory B cells. This discovery alleviates concerns about vaccine efficacy and provides real hope for long-term protection against the virus.
Researchers analyzed data from a large national health insurer to examine hospital outcomes for patients with COVID-19. The study found that mortality rates declined significantly during the first 6 months of the pandemic, suggesting an improvement in treatment and care.
Researchers estimate that subsea permafrost currently traps 60 billion tons of methane and 560 billion tons of organic carbon. The region releases approximately 140 million tons of CO2 and 5.3 million tons of CH4 to the atmosphere each year.
Researchers developed a method to identify soil color and structure using ground-penetrating radar, allowing for classification of soils for construction, agriculture, or mining. The technique was tested in Kamennaya Steppe, where it matched actual soil colors 80% of the time.
Engineers at Northwestern University have developed a new technique using kirigami cuts to create complex 3D structures and nanoscale tools. The technique, inspired by traditional Japanese paper-folding practices, enables the creation of unusual shapes and functions.
A team of scientists explores the feasibility of achieving 100% renewability in energy production, highlighting the need for electrification and synthetic fuel technology. The study suggests that countries like Argentina, Cyprus, Greece, Portugal, and Spain could meet their energy needs with high-tech renewably derived fuels.
The researchers are developing two self-administered scratch-and-sniff smell tests to detect COVID-19. The first test identifies odors such as smoke, strawberry, chocolate, and onions, while the second test reveals sensitivity to different concentrations of the same odor.
Baylor College of Medicine researchers found that long-term exposure to IFNγ exhausts blood stem cells by triggering proliferation and excessive differentiation. Modulating BST2 expression on these cells may provide a means to regulate their activation during chronic infections.
A new study found that Americans significantly underestimated public support for key gun safety policies, including universal background checks and mandatory waiting periods. When people learned about the true levels of support, they were more likely to express stronger public support in both private and public settings.
A systematic review by UC San Francisco researchers found that e-cigarette use has no appreciable effect on participants' ability to quit, regardless of frequency or motivation. However, certain e-cigarette devices treated like medicine in clinical trials showed a more significant impact on quitting smoking.
Researchers analyzed 20,000 Facebook posts about wild pet trade and found thousands of ads for exotic pets, with only 0.44% mentioning COVID-19. The study urges stronger governance on social media to curb wildlife extinctions and pandemic risks.
Researchers at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Promundo-US significantly reduced sexual violence among teenage boys in areas of concentrated disadvantage through community-based programs. The proportion of youth reporting the use of sexual or partner violence decreased by about 12 percentage points in both groups.
Researchers analyzed COVID-19-specific coding, transition to new codes, and PCR testing accuracy in US hospitals. The study found that the COVID-19-specific code had high accuracy rates when compared to SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing.
Researchers have created the largest image ever made of Mars' surface, mapping three billion-year-old sedimentary rocks and identifying 18 new fluvial ridges. The study provides unprecedented insight into ancient river systems on Mars, which could prove valuable targets for future exploration of past climates and tectonics.
New research highlights the challenges of providing childhood vaccinations in hard-to-reach populations and the emergence of vaccine hesitancy among wealthy families in low- and middle-income countries. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce inequality gaps and ensure universal coverage.
Researchers from Siberian Federal University found that nanoparticles can dramatically change rock wettability characteristics, leading to increased oil recovery. The study showed that even small amounts of nanoparticles added to the liquid improved oil production efficiency by weakening capillary forces and reducing interfacial tension.
A study by Arizona State University found that approximately 3.4% to 4.3% of consumed seafood is mislabeled, with substituted species coming from fisheries performing worse in terms of population impacts 86% of the time.
Researchers tested mask materials' effectiveness in blocking droplets carrying coronavirus. While masks blocked most droplets, distances under 6 feet still allowed many to escape, posing a risk of illness. Masks can offer protection but not complete protection when combined with distancing.
Researchers assessed maternal, neonatal SARS-CoV-2 viral load and transplacental antibody transfer in 127 pregnancies. The study found reduced transplacental transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, indicating effective maternal control of the virus.
A global analysis of bird songs reveals that size, not habitat type, is the primary driver of song frequency. The study also suggests that males with larger bodies produce lower-frequency songs due to competition for mates.
Researchers found significant differences in astigmatism measures obtained by Pentacam, Cassini, and IOL-master systems, affecting cataract surgery outcomes. The study's findings highlight the need for further investigation into refractive predictability studies to determine the best optometric device.
Researchers have identified seven DNA fingerprints that define cancer risk, including a protective germline pattern and six that present a higher risk. The discovery refines the long-held view that lifestyle factors contribute to cancer risk and sheds light on the role of genetics in cancer development.
Researchers use a commercial hand-held particle counter to measure aerosol concentrations, finding results match laboratory-based techniques. This method helps determine infection risks and assesses the impact of ventilation improvements.
Researchers found that maternal immune activation induces sustained changes in fetal microglia motility, contributing to developmental disorders and schizophrenia. Microglial process motility changes remained after birth and were linked to social behavior deficits characteristic of autism spectrum disorders.
A retrospective study of 7,891 patients with COVID-19 treated at Mayo Clinic found lower mortality rates compared to national and international averages. The team-based approach, leveraging clinical trials and available therapies, and remote monitoring tools contributed to these favorable outcomes.
A new UC Berkeley study suggests that individuals with clinical anxiety and/or depression have difficulty making sound judgments when faced with changing circumstances. Emotionally resilient people, on the other hand, are better equipped to adapt to these changes by focusing on their past successes.
A new study on people with amputations using bionic hands for over a year found that the brain never shifted its perception of touch sensations to match the prosthetic thumb. The participants' brains persisted in perceiving the sensation in other locations, such as their middle finger or palm.
Researchers at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin have visualized the structure of ribosomes in nerve cells at near-atomic resolution, revealing a new key factor Ebp1 controlling brain development and protein synthesis. This study provides insights into the regulatory processes involved in maintaining neuronal proteostasis.
This issue of CVIA features papers on current management strategies for patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation, as well as a systematic review on epicardial adipose tissue in obstructive sleep apnea. The journal also presents research on detecting myocardial infarction using late gadolinium enhancement MRI.
A longitudinal study of first-year university students found that those enrolled in the University of Vermont's Wellness Environment program had improved mood levels and fewer attention problems compared to non-participants. The study suggests that colleges and universities should track students' emotional health and develop specific p...
A study from Scripps Research Institute has identified an enzyme that limits blood vessel growth, providing insights into potential medicines to kill tumors and stop cancer from spreading. The findings also may enable new interventions for healthy blood-vessel development in people with heart disease and other conditions.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a miniaturized endovascular device that can explore capillaries without causing tissue damage. The technology harnesses hydrokinetic energy and uses magnetic steering to navigate the vascular system.
Patients with severe COVID-19 who developed secondary bloodstream infections were more likely to be severely ill upon admission, have longer hospital stays and poorer health outcomes. The study found that these patients were also more likely to require intensive care and had higher odds of mortality.
In a recent study, researchers showed that the ability to use social information can depend on an individual's cognitive skills. Female collared flycatchers who mastered a learning task faster were more likely to copy the nest site choices of great and blue tits.
Researchers discovered that mantle convection on early Earth was surprisingly slow and spatially restricted until around 3 billion years ago. This finding suggests that the onset of modern plate tectonics triggered the emergence of large continental masses and an oxygen-rich atmosphere, setting the stage for complex life.
Researchers at CSHL have discovered a gene-regulating RNA that contributes to breast cancer metastasis. By targeting this RNA, they found a molecule that can reduce tumor growth and metastases in animal experiments.
A study at Massachusetts General Hospital found that pregnant women with COVID-19 do not transmit the virus to their newborns, but also show reduced antibody transfer. This has implications for maternal vaccine administration and optimal timing of vaccination.
Researchers used a brain machine interface to enable mice to guide a cursor using only their brain activity. The study found that visual cortical areas in the mouse brain were involved during the task, including the parietal cortex, which may act as a way station between sensory and motor areas.
Researchers have developed a new method to visualize protein complexes in their natural environment, revealing the structure of the Arp2/3 complex and its role in cell motility. The study provides insights into the regulation and activity of this important protein complex, which could lead to better understanding of disease mechanisms.
A recent study suggests that pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the third trimester are unlikely to pass the virus to their newborns. The study found low levels of protective antibodies in umbilical cord blood, indicating limited transfer of maternal antibodies through the placenta.
Researchers at the NIH have isolated promising nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2 that may prevent infections and detect virus particles. The nanobodies were produced by a llama named Cormac and showed high affinity for blocking the spike protein's interaction with human cells.
Researchers found that surgery in addition to treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy increased the length of survival for stage four breast cancer patients. The study, published in Annals of Surgical Oncology, suggests that knowing a cancer's biological subtype can help determine effective treatment plans.
Researchers have created a new composite hydrogel with tantalum particles that can effectively seal off damaged blood vessels, providing rapid and stable bleeding control. The gel exhibits shear-thinning capabilities, allowing for easy deployment using standard catheters.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has released four COVID-19 vaccination strategies for EU/EEA countries, developed using mathematical modeling to inform prioritization. The strategies prioritize groups at high risk of severe disease and death, highlighting the importance of vaccination of healthcare workers.
A joint Anglo-German research project will analyze the practice of translation in cultural magazines from 1945-1965. The project aims to understand how these magazines used translated texts to forge new European identities, and explore the significance of translation in reconfiguring a vision of Europe after WWII.
A study published in Thorax found that higher intake of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) from non-seafood meats is associated with increased wheezing in children. Researchers examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and found a significant link between AGE intake and respiratory symptoms.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin identify genetic mutations linked to ultra-rare condition ALSP, revealing that dysfunctional white blood cells drive brain damage and BBB breakdown. The study's findings may pave the way for targeted therapies for other forms of dementia.
A research team from the University of Helsinki has discovered a tree hyrax in Kenya's Taita Hills that may belong to an unknown species. The 'strangled thwack' calls of the animal have not been described anywhere else, suggesting a possible link to different species.
A modeling study found daily symptom screening with PCR testing in nonhospital care sites significantly reduces COVID-19 infections and lowers healthcare costs. The study associated this intervention with substantial decreases in infections across various epidemic scenarios.
Researchers have created a millimeter-band signal propagation model that can predict wireless signal behavior in industrial environments. The study demonstrates the potential of Wi-Fi technology to replace cabled connections in manufacturing processes, enabling faster and more reliable data transfer.
Researchers developed two new mammogram-based measures of risk, combining them to predict breast cancer risk more effectively than known genetic and breast density factors. The new measures could improve screening, reduce mortality, and make it less stressful for women.
Research at Hebrew University found fenofibrate effective in treating COVID-19 by reducing fat buildup in lung cells. Clinical trials are underway to confirm the findings and explore its potential as a treatment for severe COVID cases.
Scientists have developed a new metallic glass electrode made of thin palladium-based metallic glass films, which are 85% more efficient in oxidizing methanol than platinum-based analogs. The film is also resistant to corrosion and could replace existing materials in the energy sector.
A recent Canadian study revealed that women with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are eight times more likely to have attempted suicide compared to their male counterparts. The study also found that adults with ADHD who experienced childhood parental violence had triple the odds of attempting suicide.
A national study found significant sex and age-based differences in nonfatal opioid overdoses among youth, with female youth between 11-16 having a higher incidence. The study highlights specific risk factors that could inform targeted interventions to prevent opioid overdoses in adolescents and young adults.
The article assesses progress in healthcare quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on system cohesion and organizational capabilities. It highlights key findings on how to improve healthcare systems and enhance patient care.
A majority of European anaesthesiologists and intensive care specialists believe that precious ICU capacity should be shared between nations during international emergencies. The study found that around 60% were in favour of a centralized European institution to distribute such resources.
A study at Columbia University Irving Medical Center found that specific functional units within genes, called exons, can impact autism severity. The researchers analyzed genetic and clinical data from over 2,500 people with autism and discovered that children with truncating mutations in the same exon often exhibit similar symptoms.
Researchers found that rural girls in South Africa rely on peer, parental, and environmental factors to prevent pregnancy and HIV/AIDS, rather than modern contraceptive methods. The study highlights the need for more comprehensive education on sexual health beyond HIV/AIDS prevention.
The US child welfare system has become bogged down in unnecessary investigations and child removals, disproportionately targeting poor African American families. Most reports of neglect are actually about manifestations of poverty, and removing children from their families undermines the ability to focus on providing services.
ETH Zurich researchers use a novel method called KARMA to analyze protein complex assembly, revealing a hierarchical principle and durable scaffold. The technique allows for the reconstruction of precise assembly sequences, opening up new avenues for studying biological processes.
A new drug combination combining a widely used diabetes treatment with an experimental cancer drug has shown significant improvements in blood glucose control and weight loss in mice. The combination treatment enhanced insulin secretion and reduced body weight, paving the way for clinical studies.
Research supports early start to musical training, but underlying reasons are more complex. Familial influences, such as genetic factors and encouraging family environment, play a significant role.
Researchers from the US, China, and Russia have discovered a novel hydrogen hydrate that forms at room temperature and low pressure. The new form of ice has three water molecules per hydrogen molecule, showing promise for cost-effective hydrogen storage solutions.
Cornell University is developing a system to convert cattle manure into methane and other products to meet peak heating demands. The proposed system produces approximately 909 million liters of renewable natural gas per year, providing 97% of the campus's annual peak heating demand.
A collaboration of three clinical trial platforms has paused enrollment for critically ill COVID-19 patients due to the lack of improvement in outcomes with full-dose anticoagulants. Moderately ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients can still be enrolled, and the trials will continue to analyze data.
A novel computational tool called CShaper speeds up the analyzing process from hundreds of hours to a few hours by computer. It can segment and analyze cell images systematically at the single-cell level, enabling biologists to decipher the contents of these images within a few hours.
Researchers found that present-day Mariana Islanders' ancestry is linked to the Philippines, suggesting an Island Southeast Asia origin for the first settlers. The study also suggests a close link between Guam skeletons and early Lapita individuals from Vanuatu and Tonga.
Scientists at Hokkaido University have achieved a record-setting thermoelectric figure of merit for metal oxides, which can be used to enhance thermoelectric power generation. The material exhibits a high ZT value and stability across a range of operating temperatures.
Researchers from NUS have invented a new method of anti-counterfeiting called DeepKey, using 2D-material tags and AI-enabled authentication software. The technology works faster, achieves highly accurate results, and uses durable identification tags that can withstand extreme temperatures and environmental conditions.
A new experiment provides insights into transient atomic states, enabling better understanding of photocatalysis, elementary steps in photosynthesis and radiation damage. The study uses high-resolution electron spectroscopy to capture a snapshot of the short-lived state produced when X-rays interact with neon atoms.
Researchers have created a new adhesive that can be cured using a magnetic field, offering a more efficient alternative to traditional methods. The 'magnetocuring' glue has the potential to revolutionize industries such as sports equipment, automotive and electronics manufacturing.
Functional hydrogel coatings have various functions, including sensing, actuation, drug delivery, and conductivity for neural electrodes. Research directions include optimizing coating methods for mass production, long-term stability, and testing adhesion.
The ACTIV-3 trial, sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), tested LY-CoV555 against placebo in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The trial found that LY-CoV555 did not provide clinical benefit compared to placebo.
Military personnel who receive lethal means counseling and a cable lock are more likely to use a gun safe and unload firearms before storing, according to a Rutgers study. The combination of these interventions resulted in greater adoption of safe storage methods, reducing the risk of military suicide.
A new study led by US and Indian researchers found that air pollution in India resulted in 1.67 million deaths in 2019, accounting for 17.8 percent of all deaths in the country. The economic loss was $36.8 billion, equivalent to 1.36 percent of GDP.
Researchers found that surgery in addition to treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy increased survival for stage four breast cancer patients. Patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors saw a prolonged length of survival when their treatment plan included surgery.
A survey of adults with kidney failure reveals that most own mobile devices and have intermediate or advanced mobile health proficiency. The main reasons for using mobile health include making appointments, communicating with healthcare personnel, and obtaining laboratory results.
A new liquid bandage sensor measures the amount of oxygen reaching transplanted tissue, a crucial measure of its viability, and detected tissue oxygenation as well as the gold standard of an oximeter. The technology eliminates restrictions on patient movements and provides a major advancement over existing methods.
A new study found that COVID-19 mortality rates in hospitals are linked to the number of cases in the surrounding community. Hospitals with high case rates had worse outcomes, while those with declining case rates saw significant improvement over time.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism uses machine learning to predict gestational diabetes in Chinese women. The researchers analyzed nearly 17,000 electronic health records and found that low body mass was associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes.
A new bio-inspired medical endoscope has been developed to acquire 3D visible light and near-infrared fluorescence images simultaneously, aiding surgeons in pinpointing cancerous tissue. The instrument combines high-resolution 3D imaging with the mantis shrimp's capability to detect multiple wavelengths of light.
Researchers at Rice University developed an optogenetic control system to turn on and off genes in gut bacteria, extending the lifespan of transparent worms by up to 50% by regulating mitochondrial function. The study suggests that gut bacteria directly impact health and disease, and that controlling metabolite production with precisio...
A study by the University of Konstanz found that voluntary motivation to comply with anti-COVID-19 policies is relatively high in Germany, but can be crowded out by enforcement. Measures like limiting contacts and vaccinations showed higher agreement when implemented voluntarily, while wearing masks and travel restrictions had the same...
Chronic pain and emotional pain are intertwined, with opioids making things worse in the long term. Researchers recommend tapering down or switching to buprenorphine for high-dose long-term opioid users without improvement in pain and function.
A newly discovered receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana has helped scientists understand the evolution of the GET pathway, a mechanism that enables membrane protein transport. The receptor's discovery provides crucial insights into the evolution of this pathway across organisms.
Researchers at the University of Ottawa have identified the molecular defects associated with LIC Syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that causes mortality in young children. The study found that small mutations in the NSMCE3 gene affect the Smc5/6 complex's ability to compact DNA, leading to severe defects in DNA repair.