Researchers at the University of Ottawa have found evidence that slow earthquakes are related to dynamic fluid processes at the boundary between tectonic plates. The team used a technique similar to ultrasound imagery and analyzed rock properties to confirm that fluid pressures fluctuate during an earthquake cycle.
A new study suggests that attitudes towards altitude sickness began to form over 200 years ago, with British explorers fueling distrust towards Himalayan peoples. The early 19th-century writings of British surveyors and travellers reveal a complex web of exploitation and competition between Europeans and locals.
Researchers develop technique to evaluate reliability of patient risk models, which often fail to accurately predict outcomes. The method generates an unreliability score, indicating when a model's predictions are less trustworthy, helping doctors avoid ineffective or unnecessarily risky treatments.
A recent study by the American Psychological Association found that caregivers are more likely to neglect their own health due to cost concerns. The study revealed a significant gap in healthcare access and utilization among caregivers, with 26% having no insurance coverage compared to non-caregivers.
A study published in Advances in Neonatal Care found that continuous skin-to-skin contact does not lead to better interaction between mothers and preterm infants. Despite its potential benefits for infant development, the study discovered no clear results regarding the effect on mother-infant interaction.
A research team from Tohoku University found that corals adjust their spawning timing according to environmental conditions, such as wind speed and temperature, allowing them to optimize mating opportunities. This fine-tuning helps corals adapt to changing ocean environments.
Researchers found that existing marine reserves need to be much larger to conserve shark populations, with reserves extending between 10-50km required for significant improvements. This study provides options for managers to address declines in shark populations and ensure healthy oceans.
Researchers used CT scans and 3D printing to recreate the vocal tract of a 3,000-year-old Egyptian mummy, producing a single sound that falls between 'bed' and 'bad'. The achievement has implications for understanding past voices and presentation in the present.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a new product that converts biomass-derived acetone into a cyclobutane, a high-energy-density fuel additive. This process reduces the need for hydrogen treatment and generates carbon dioxide, offering environmental benefits and improving US energy security.
Swedish and Japanese researchers found a new explanation for the emission lines of SN 2006gy, a superluminous supernova. The discovery led to a revised understanding of how the supernova arose, with a double star system involving a white dwarf and massive hydrogen-rich star implicated.
A new study reveals that high-protein diets can lead to increased plaque buildup in arteries, particularly unstable plaque prone to rupture. This can increase the risk of heart attacks. Researchers found that excess amino acids from a high-protein diet activate macrophages, leading to cell death and worsening plaque complexity.
A team of researchers has developed a method to forecast proper feedback in human-to-machine applications, enhancing the Tactile Internet experience. The proposed module uses an artificial neural network to predict the material touched, achieving a prediction accuracy of 97% with four materials.
A pilot project with high school students in Florida's Everglades inspired a hands-on learning experience in microbiology. The students collected soil samples and analyzed DNA sequences, leading to the publication of their data in a reputable scientific journal.
A new study reveals that two proteins, MreB and CcmA, work together to balance cell-wall synthesis on opposite sides of the curvy-shaped bacterium, maintaining its helical shape. Disrupting this balance could lead to the development of more targeted antibiotics to prevent H. pylori infections.
A study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that people living in areas with high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) experience more severe rhinitis symptoms, including nasal congestion and sneezing.
Exposure to diesel exhaust particles has been found to increase an individual's susceptibility to pneumococcal disease. The study reveals that DEPs can lead to the reduction of airway macrophages' ability to kill bacteria, allowing it to survive and cause severe inflammation in the lungs.
Researchers found that reelin promotes synaptic plasticity and reduces Tau phosphorylation in animal models with tauopathy, potentially reducing neurodegenerative effects. This discovery opens a new perspective for designing future therapeutic targets to combat Alzheimer's and other tauopathies.
David Mandrus, a UT professor and Oak Ridge National Laboratory researcher, has received a five-year $1.7 million award to pursue research on quantum materials and their unique properties. The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation acknowledges Mandrus's significant contributions to the field of materials science.
Researchers from Harvard Medical School and Columbia University discovered that a protein called Rad dampens the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels, which are responsible for heart contraction. When adrenaline stimulates these channels, Rad releases, increasing channel activity and heart beating.
Researchers analyzed Twitter data during the 2014 Ukraine-Russia conflict and found that pro-Kremlin sentiment was high in Crimea but low elsewhere. The study suggests that social media data can be used as a source of military intelligence to estimate potential casualties and costs incurred from occupying foreign territories.
Astronomers have detected significant amounts of oxygen in the ancient star J0815+4729, which is one of the oldest and most elementally depleted stars known. This finding provides valuable insights into how oxygen and other essential elements were produced in the early universe.
The new technology uses self-rolled-up membrane technology to create compact magnetic induction devices with higher performance and reduced heat dissipation issues. Researchers have successfully boosted the performance of their 3D inductor technology, allowing for tens of millitesla-level magnetic induction.
Immune cells facilitate glioblastoma growth by clearing necrotic areas while ignoring tumour cells. Researchers aim to train microglia and macrophages for tumour elimination through immunotherapy or other strategies.
Researchers found that dietary disinhibition was associated with 5-year longitudinal weight gain in obesity-prone individuals. Additionally, breastfeeding duration and timing of solids introduction significantly impacted BMI trajectories in early childhood.
A study analyzing 190 fMRI studies found that food and erotic images activate the left hemisphere, while money activates both hemispheres. The basal ganglia play a key role in reward processing, with different regions activated depending on the type of reward.
A team at Massachusetts Eye and Ear has identified GPR108, a G protein-coupled receptor, as a molecular 'lock' necessary for most adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to gain access to cells. This discovery may enable scientists to better explain, predict, and ultimately direct AAV gene transfers to specific tissues.
Breakthrough research presents five major advances in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, including a new drug pipeline, a diet that improves symptoms, and a fecal microbiota transplantation approach. These studies offer hope for patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Researchers have discovered that inhibiting p38 reduces the growth of lung tumors in genetic mouse models. Lower levels of p38 in tumors are associated with a more favorable prognosis for patients.
Researchers developed RoadTagger to predict lane counts and road types with high accuracy, helping improve GPS navigation in unfamiliar locations. The model uses a combination of neural network architectures to automatically tag road features, enabling the creation of accurate digital maps.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst researcher is studying the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on breast density in college-age women, a strong risk factor for breast cancer. High breast density has been linked to increased breast cancer risk in older women, and this study aims to shed light on the link in younger women.
A 15-year study found that dysfunctional pancreatic beta-cells, independent of body weight, are the earliest event leading to pre-diabetes in children. The study also linked this condition to genetic factors associated with type 2 diabetes in adults.
Bernd Chudoba, a UTA aerospace engineer, is working with NASA on a feasibility study to make hypersonic travel more affordable. The study aims to explore the practicality and affordability of commercial hypersonic transports.
A study published in Environmental Health found a link between air pollution from traffic and an increased risk of developing dementia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Living near green spaces appears to have protective effects against these neurological disorders.
A study tracked female loggerheads from Mediterranean rookeries, revealing three key feeding areas: Adriatic, Tunisian Plateau and eastern Mediterranean. The research highlights the importance of protecting these habitats to conserve turtle populations threatened by bycatch and human activities.
Superluminous supernova SN 2006gy was found to be a Type Ia explosion that interacted with a dense shell of circumstellar material, producing an unusual spectrum with unidentified emission lines. The iron lines were identified as evidence of the interaction, which is consistent with observations and simulations.
A recent study found that many Medicare patients with new episodes of low back pain receive care inconsistent with current guidelines. This includes the overuse of opioids and advanced imaging tests, which is contrary to recommendations from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians.
Researchers created a new model to better predict karst-aquifer vulnerability in the Grand Canyon, providing more accurate information for land and water managers. The study found similar patterns of contamination risk between two aquifers, with some areas showing high vulnerability to contamination.
Researchers tracked microbial blooms in Trunk River lagoon to study their formation and collapse. They discovered that certain microorganisms can thrive in mildly oxic waters, leading to new understanding of bloom dynamics.
A recent meta-analysis found that psychosocial factors in the workplace, such as workload and job control, contribute significantly to chronic low back pain. Employees with more autonomy in scheduling their work experienced lower rates of CLBP.
Researchers identified 102 genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including 49 linked to developmental delays. The large international cohort of nearly 12,000 ASD participants enabled the team to increase the number of associated genes from 65 in 2015.
A new study shows that a Zika vaccine doesn't have to offer perfect protection to be valuable, with potential cost savings in certain situations.
High-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with bioanalytical tools can characterize complex chemical mixtures and capture mixture effects in environmental samples. The CITEPro technology platform is a key tool in this approach, enabling the profiling of the exposome and elucidating drivers of chemical stress.
A special issue of Biological Invasions co-edited by Laura Meyerson and Daniel Simberloff offers a comprehensive framework for a national early detection and rapid response program to address the growing threat of invasive species. The papers outline technical guidance for implementation, including technology advancement, risk screenin...
Researchers at Skoltech have developed a way to generate intense UV vortices, which can help investigate new materials. The pulses have a duration of a few hundred attoseconds and are capable of transmitting orbital angular momentum.
A large clinical trial has found that low-dose aspirin daily from early pregnancy to 36 weeks may lower the risk for preterm birth among first-time mothers by 11%. The study involved over 11,000 women in several low- and middle-income countries and showed a significant reduction in preterm delivery before 37 weeks.
Scientists at Tokyo University of Science have developed a fully coupled AI chip that can solve the traveling salesman problem for 22 cities instantly. The new technique reduces processing time and number of spin cells required, paving the way for applications in office equipment and tablet terminals.
Researchers have developed a method to grow snake venom gland cells as organoids, producing active toxins. The lab-grown mini glands can be grown from multiple species and maintained indefinitely, holding promise for reducing the devastating impact of snakebites.
Researchers at the University of Sydney have successfully developed pain-killing neurons using human stem cells, providing lasting relief in mice without side effects. The next step is to conduct safety tests in rodents and pigs before moving to human trials within five years.
Researchers from ORNL and Purdue University successfully design a quantum frequency beam splitter using standard lightwave communications technology, enabling controlled photon interactions. The team also demonstrates a coincidence-basis controlled-NOT gate and completes the first demonstration of a frequency tritter.
A Northwestern University analysis finds that racial disparities in the mortgage market have persisted over the last four decades, while housing discrimination has decreased. Black and Hispanic borrowers are more likely to be rejected when applying for a loan and receive high-cost mortgages.
Dr. Anna Penn, a leading researcher in preterm brain injury, receives the award for her outstanding work and commitment to training the next generation of translational researchers. She has conducted groundbreaking research on placental function and fetal brain development.
A large-scale comparative analysis across 76 diverse species reveals dynamic genomic changes that have allowed arthropods to thrive in various ecosystems. These changes include adaptations in digestion, chemical defense, and exoskeleton structure.
A team of researchers from Stanford University has developed a quantitative framework to sonographically differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The framework achieved AUC values comparable to those of expert radiologists, suggesting its potential for establishing a fully automated system of thyroid nodule triage.
Researchers at INSERM have revealed that whole functioning extracellular mitochondria are present in the bloodstream, contradicting previous assumptions. The discovery has significant implications for our understanding of physiology and could lead to improvements in diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
The exposome represents the cumulative health effects of environmental exposures. A review article in Science calls for a coordinated international effort to characterize the exposome at scale, accounting for non-genetic risk factors and potential preventable exposures.
According to Penn State researchers, US households waste an estimated 31.9% of the food they acquire, with an aggregate value of $240 billion per year. This inefficiency has significant implications for health, food security, and climate change.
The proposal aims to implement a holistic, integrated systems-based approach to pesticide regulation, considering dynamic agroecological factors. Current ERA guidelines are decades old and based on assumptions that misrepresent modern ecological systems.
Kaiser Permanente research reveals that post-menopausal women with colorectal cancer who have low social support are more likely to die from the disease or any cause. The study found a significant association between high levels of emotional, informational, tangible, and positive interactional support and lower mortality rates.
A new study found that less than 5% of children and teenagers who tested positive for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) had been previously diagnosed with the illness. The prevalence of pediatric ME/CFS was found to be higher among African American and Latinx youth.
New research shows that the slipperiness between droplets and solid surfaces is more critical for clearing condensation than previously thought. The findings could lead to cost-effective alternatives to water-repellent materials, such as ceramic or metal surfaces, which could last longer and be more durable.