Researchers at Lehigh University have identified a causal link between high-level noise exposure and low birth weight. The study found that mothers living close to Newark Liberty International Airport, exposed to noise levels over 55 dB threshold, had a 22% increased risk of having a low birth weight baby.
A nine-year longitudinal study found that family caregivers did not experience significantly greater inflammation levels compared to non-caregivers, challenging past research findings. The study suggests that caregiving may have minimal effects on physical health for most caregivers.
Researchers found that mice with a common genetic mutation in autism spectrum disorder had delayed and weaker blood vessel responses, which led to neuronal dysfunction and autistic traits. The study suggests that problems with blood vessels begin early in life and can contribute to the development of autism.
A new NIH study suggests that deactivating certain genes in the human genome may play a role in controlling the differentiation of stem cells into neurons. The research found that these genes, which were once thought to be inactive 'junk DNA', may help regulate the maturation process of stem cells, leading to improved understanding of ...
A research team at POSTECH developed a new catalyst that improves the durability of automotive fuel cells when shut down. The Pt/HxWO3 catalyst promotes hydrogen oxidation and selectively suppresses oxygen reduction reactions, solving the corrosion issue.
A new PET radiotracer has been proven safe and effective in imaging malignant brain tumors with high sensitivity. The radiotracer targets αvβ3 integrin, which is overexpressed in glioblastomas, allowing for superior visualization of tumors.
A multidisciplinary team from UTMB has uncovered a new mechanism for designing antiviral drugs for dengue virus. The co-crystal structure of the dengue capsid protein in complex with an inhibitor provides atomic details of how the inhibitor blocks viral infection.
Researchers analyze Comet ATLAS's carbonaceous particles to determine the age of other comets. The study suggests that long-period comets with high carbon content have spent less time in the Solar System.
Scientists create geometrical drawing method and software to design fan-like structures based on earwig wing folding. The method was used to recreate a Paleozoic earwig's wing folding pattern, shedding light on evolutionary pathways.
A BU researcher outlines common media failures in reporting coronavirus research, including incomplete and biased information. The author recommends greater caution and detail in science communication to avoid harm and maintain trust.
UT Dallas researchers are using the Minecraft mod Polycraft World to simulate dynamic and unexpected events to train AI systems. They aim to create artificial intelligence agents that can respond appropriately in novel scenarios, such as changing weather or unfamiliar terrain.
A new insect detection system using tiny chicken backpacks with wearable sensors has been developed to detect blood-feeding livestock mites. The technology, nicknamed 'Fitbits for chickens,' can help farmers identify infestations and improve poultry welfare.
A combined analysis of 23 studies found that episodes of delirium are a risk factor for long-term cognitive decline. The research suggests that individuals who experience delirium may be more likely to develop dementia and other cognitive impairments over time.
Researchers have developed a highly efficient solar-flow battery that can store and redeliver renewable electricity from the sun. The device achieved a record efficiency of 20 percent conversion, outperforming previous records by 40%. This breakthrough could potentially yield a new way to harness, store and use the sun's energy for sol...
Researchers analyzed display technologies, including Mini-LED, Micro-LED, and OLED. They found that mLED/μLED/OLED emissive displays outperform LCDs in dynamic range, motion picture response time, color gamut, and adaptability to flexible and transparent displays.
Researchers at Yale University have discovered a novel approach to finding biological signals in ancient fossils, providing insights into major evolutionary questions. The study has already revealed valuable information about the soft shells that encased early dinosaur eggs and identified an ancient creature known as the Tully Monster.
Researchers recommend community-based exit strategies for low and middle-income countries, considering local epidemic growth rates, social and economic costs, and existing health systems capabilities. These approaches can help revive the economy while preserving people's health.
Researchers have developed a radical non-invasive X-ray technology that can pinpoint localised areas of deficiency in lungs, improving diagnoses and treatments for cystic fibrosis. The technology, called X-ray velocimetry, measures airflow through the lungs during breathing cycles, enabling better assessment of lung function.
A new study by Yale University researchers found that a nurse-delivered strategy to prevent falls among older adults reduced the rate of first adjudicated serious fall injury by nearly 10%. The approach also produced significant reductions in self-reported injuries, highlighting its potential in reducing fall-related harm.
A new study by University of South Australia medical imaging student Elio Arruzza found that whole-body CT (WBCT) scans can diagnose traumatic injuries faster and more accurately than conventional radiology procedures. WBCT also reduces the time spent in emergency departments, which could help alleviate overcrowding.
A Yale, Baylor study reveals new cell types in lungs affected by Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), revealing how cells change in response to the disease. The findings deepen understanding of IPF and could improve treatment of it and other fibrotic lung diseases.
A recent study from the University of Bath found that cigarette sales declined sharply in the UK after standardized packaging was introduced, with a 12-20 million monthly decrease. The researchers suggest this decline is a result of both the reduced appeal of premium brands and the increased tax on cheaper cigarettes.
Carolyn J. Anderson, PhD, has been recognized for her pioneering work in radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging and targeted radiotherapy of cancer and other diseases. Her research focuses on developing imaging agents for upregulated receptors on immune cells involved in inflammation related to lung diseases.
Researchers from Kazan Federal University developed a program to predict DSC curves from known binding constants and concentrations. This approach allows for the accurate measurement of high and weak binding constants, as well as stoichiometry of complexes, using albumin as a model protein.
Targeted radionuclide therapy has been shown to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapies in treating prostate cancer by modifying the tumor microenvironment. The treatment can achieve immunomodulation at relatively low radiation doses without affecting the normal immune system.
The study of Jurassic fossils from northeastern China provides evidence that ancient catkin-yew species existed during the Middle-Late Jurassic period. The fossils, which bear a striking resemblance to modern catkin-yews, demonstrate morphological stasis and are among the most completely known fossil Taxaceae.
The uEXPLORER TB-PET/CT scanner offers a new imaging option for inflammatory arthritis by capturing glucose metabolism in normal and diseased joint tissues across the body. This allows for quantifying systemic inflammatory burden, which could have direct implications for disease staging, treatment selection, and monitoring of treatment...
Researchers found emission from laterally coupled quantum dots is strongly polarized along the coupling direction and can be shaped by changing excitation polarization. This control enables optically-controlled anisotropic wavefunctions, opening new avenues for data storage and thermoelectric energy harvesting.
A comprehensive review of COVID-19's non-respiratory effects reveals high rates of blood clots, kidney failure, and neurological symptoms. The review highlights the need for clinicians to consider COVID-19 as a multisystem disease requiring treatment beyond respiratory support.
The new volume uses a health equity approach to focus on factors associated with cancer disparities research and identifies potential solutions. Studies highlight the impact of lifestyle on breast cancer risk and link mammary gland development to breast cancer disparity.
A new study finds differences in gun culture across the US, with three strands identified: recreational use, self-defense, and Second Amendment advocacy. Gun Culture 3.0 is characterized by fear of government threats and increased in states with stricter gun laws.
A new single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of over 59,000 cells from COVID-19 patients and influenza patients reveals distinct immune responses to both diseases. The study suggests targeting the IFN-I signaling pathway as a potential treatment strategy for severe COVID-19.
A new study has pinpointed the specific brain cells responsible for triggering sugar cravings and overconsumption. The research, led by Matthew Potthoff and Matthew Gillum, reveals that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts on glutamatergic neurons to lower sugar intake and sweet taste preference.
A new study by Cornell University and Washington State University found that climate change will force farmers to choose between lower yields and higher revenue volatility. The research team used a model to explore the impact of drought-tolerant crop varieties, which can improve average yields but also increase revenue fluctuations.
Researchers at Washington State University discovered a fatty acid called dihomogamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) that can induce ferroptosis in human cancer cells. This iron-dependent type of cell death has been linked to various diseases and may hold potential as a treatment for cancer.
A new study finds that people with face blindness use different memory processes for face recognition, relying on familiarity rather than recollection. The research suggests that successful facial recognition requires more than a vague familiarity with a face.
The GRACE-FO satellites measured significant water mass deficits in Central Europe during the two consecutive summer droughts of 2018 and 2019. The deficits reached 112 Gt in 2018 and 145 Gt in 2019, accounting for 73% and 94% of the average fluctuation in seasonal water storage.
A study from Aarhus University links national productivity statistics with actual work done on construction sites, revealing a decline in productivity since the 1970s. By optimizing processes, contractors can generate an estimated $5.4 billion annually in the US and Canada by spending just 36 seconds more per hour on value-adding work.
Researchers at University of Vermont develop nanocage tool that can select and activate specific polymer chains in a lab, opening doors to new possibilities for precision chemistry and industrial applications.
Researchers analyzed fecal samples from healthy Japanese individuals and detected phage-derived antibacterial enzymes that control pathobionts. These enzymes were shown to regulate C. difficile infection in mice, providing a potential treatment for this disease.
A new study has identified genes more frequently altered in prostate tumors from men of African ancestry compared to other racial groups. The research found no significant differences in frequencies of mutations in genes important for current prostate cancer therapies, but suggests that precision medicine approaches can be effective if...
A new framework aims to improve care quality in nursing homes during the pandemic and beyond. The framework provides a path for leaders to guide quality assurance and informed decision-making in response to COVID-19.
Rebekah Charney, a postdoctoral researcher at UC Riverside, has received a five-year Pathway to Independence grant from the NIH to study Mowat-Wilson syndrome. Her research aims to understand the mechanisms underlying neural crest cell development and craniofacial pathologies.
A recent study reports evidence of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to infant, highlighting the importance of protecting pregnant women from COVID-19. The findings suggest that infection can occur during pregnancy, and researchers emphasize the need for further research into mechanisms and risk factors.
A genetic study spanning seven countries has identified distinct population clusters of the American Crocodile, with regional differences found in Northern, Central, and Southern America. The findings highlight the importance of habitat conservation and management strategies tailored to each population's unique needs.
Biologists at the University of Bayreuth have discovered a unique form of rapid regeneration in zebrafish neurons. Mauthner cells, responsible for escape behavior, can regenerate their axons within a week after injury. This finding disproves the widely accepted view that these cells are unable to regenerate.
Zhao and Cheng are working on a project to develop new gradient-free methods for training various types of deep neural networks. They aim to create an algorithmic and theoretical framework for model parallelization based on gradient-free optimization, as well as efficient distributed workflow systems.
A Basel study found that COVID-19 patients' lungs have insufficient levels of lopinavir and hydroxychloroquine to fight the virus. The drugs, previously thought to be potential treatments, were shown to be ineffective due to inflammation blocking their absorption.
The study analyzed 150 patients' cranial CT scans and identified three types of angular arteries, with the artery's depth varying by age. The findings suggest that injecting hyaluronic acid into elderly patients requires special caution to avoid damaging the artery, which can be exposed due to fat volume loss.
A UC Riverside-led study highlights the importance of working memory capacity in social distancing compliance. Individuals with higher working memory capacity are more likely to follow recommended guidelines, even after controlling for psychological and socioeconomic factors.
Researchers found that a fundamental principle of lasers, compensating for losses with amplified light, is only an approximation. A tiny excess loss due to luminescence inside the laser provides the key to understanding the spectral linewidth.
A recent study found that female faculty members scored slightly better than their male peers on teaching evaluations performed by surgeons-in-training. The results were unexpected, as previous studies had shown a negative bias against female faculty in academic medicine.
A Montana State University professor's research on plant chemistry published in Global Change Biology reveals increased greening across the Northern Great Plains and Northern Rockies. The study found decreased levels of nitrogen and increased levels of carbon in recent plant samples, as well as improved water use efficiency.
The MUSC team, led by Leslie Lenert and Dee Ford, developed a prototype called Portable Remote Operational Wireless Enabled Surge Specialist ICU (Prowess-ICU) to address COVID-19 surge capacity. The Prowess-ICU model integrates technology-based and patient-centered care solutions within existing regional health care networks.
NASA tracked Tropical Storm Fay's development using satellite data, creating an animation of the storm's progression. The strongest storms were located in the northeastern quadrant, with temperatures as cold as -63 degrees Fahrenheit, indicating powerful thunderstorms and potential heavy rainfall.
Research reveals complex changes in the Arctic Ocean driven by anomalous influxes of oceanic water from lower-latitude oceans. This process, known as borealization, affects physical, chemical, and biological communities in distinct ways.
A Baycrest-CAMH study aims to examine the effects of COVID-19 and physical distancing on the mental health of older adults. The researchers will monitor changes in mental health and identify factors that affect seniors' emotional well-being, informing public health decisions and potential interventions.
A new study applies liquid-metal synthesis to create atomically-thin tin-monosulfide with excellent electronic and piezoelectric properties, enabling flexible nanogenerators for wearable electronics and biosensors. The resulting material displays high durability and flexibility, making it suitable for commercial implementation.
Researchers at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia have discovered a novel chemical compound that shows promise in treating core symptoms of brain disorders such as Down syndrome and autism. The new compound selectively blocks the transporter NKCC1, which is dysregulated in these conditions.
Researchers propose a novel vdW heterostructure for MIR light-emission applications using BP and TMDC materials. The BP-WSe2 heterostructure shows a type-I band alignment, enhancing MIR photoluminescence by ~200%. In contrast, the BP-MoS2 heterostructure forms a type-II band alignment, enabling efficient MIR electroluminescence.