A new survey found a more-than-threefold increase in U.S. adults reporting symptoms of psychological distress from 3.9% in 2018 to 13.6% in April 2020. Young adults, adults in low-income households, and Hispanics expressed the highest psychological distress.
Researchers from Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences designed a metasurface that can continuously tune from linear to elliptical birefringence, opening up the entire space of polarization control with just one device.
Researchers used a new genetic engineering technique, known as base editing, to repair a single mutation in the Tmc1 gene, restoring partial hearing in mice. The technique has potential for treating other genetic forms of hearing loss and diseases.
Researchers advocate for heterogenization, deliberately including biological variation in study design to balance conditions and improve generalizability. This approach aims to maximize knowledge gain per animal and experiment while reducing the number of animals needed.
A recent study using radiocarbon dating and microarchaeology has pinpointed the construction dates of Wilson's Arch on Jerusalem's Temple Mount to between 20 BC and 60 AD during Herod the Great's reign. This new timeline resolves a long-standing debate about the entrance to the holiest site in Jerusalem.
A Penn State research team examined the effects of differential privacy on mortality rates in 2010, revealing dramatic changes in population counts for racial and ethnic minorities. The findings highlight concerns about data accuracy, funding allocations, and understated health risks in some areas.
Researchers at PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence and Helmholtz Institute Mainz propose a realistic path to demonstrating parity violation in molecules. They develop a special NMR measurement variable and carry out complex theoretical analyses to calculate the expected effect within the molecule.
Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have developed a new sustainable method to extract vanillin from lignin, reducing toxic waste and increasing commercial viability. The process uses electrolytic depolymerization in caustic soda, producing high-quality vanillin with a yield of around four percent.
A new study published in Geology has discovered two newly identified super-eruptions associated with the Yellowstone hotspot, indicating a possible decline in its intensity. The Grey's Landing super-eruption is now the largest recorded event of the entire Snake-River-Yellowstone volcanic province.
Researchers have developed a conceptual model to identify and classify springs with potential to be refuges for plants and animals in drying climates. The study highlights the need for conservation efforts to protect these ecosystems from climate change.
A team of Indian scientists has detected a broad-energy X-ray pulsation in the new source, classifying it as an ultra-luminous X-ray pulsar (ULXP). The object is thought to be a neutron star with a rotation period of up to 100 times per second.
The newly discovered Aguada Fénix site in Mexico's Tabasco state is the largest and oldest known Mayan monument, constructed between 1,000 to 800 B.C. The site suggests that the Maya civilization developed more rapidly than previously thought and had less social inequality than later periods.
Researchers from Skoltech studied a 20-meter wide and 20-meter deep crater in the Yamal Peninsula that formed after an explosive release of gas, mostly methane, from the permafrost. They found that the strongly negative δ13C ratio of methane pointed to a biogenic source, while other ratios suggested a deeper thermogenic source.
A new lab-grown human skin cell model has been developed at Stanford University, allowing researchers to study hair growth and development in greater detail. This breakthrough could potentially provide insights into reversing hair loss and developing new treatments.
A study published in Environment International found that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon increases the risk of vascular damage in people living in India. The research, which analyzed data from over 3,000 individuals, showed a non-linear association between PM2.5 exposure and vascular injury.
Researchers at JCESR are working on enhancing ion conductivity in solid-state electrolytes using the paddlewheel effect. This can lead to faster and more stable battery performance, eliminating thermal runaway reactions that cause fires.
New research at the 'Joe's Garden' site in Papua New Guinea reveals insights into past subsistence patterns, including the consumption of starchy plants like tree nuts and tubers. The findings confirm the long-term survival of these microfossils in an equatorial context.
Researchers are investigating the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to treat COVID-19 patients experiencing respiratory failure. Preliminary data show promise in preventing mechanical ventilation and improving outcomes for critically ill patients.
A study published in Oncotarget found that T-DM1 significantly improves response rates and median progression-free survival in patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer. This suggests a preferred second-line choice for T-DM1 over trastuzumab emtansine.
Researchers have made significant advancements in graphene spintronics, enabling the efficient creation, transport, and detection of spin information. This field holds promise for applications in quantum computation, space communication, and high-speed radio links.
Researchers successfully tagged telomerase with fluorescent molecules, revealing its two-step binding mode to chromosomes. The study also shows how telomerase mutation promotes tumorigenesis, offering a new target for therapeutic strategies.
Research found that increased ICU nurse workload and understaffing are associated with a higher likelihood of multiple organ failure in patients. The study's findings emphasize the need for adequate staffing levels in intensive care units based on patient needs.
A study of over 160,000 participants in 27 countries found that women have a more favorable risk pattern for cardiovascular disease. Women had lower blood pressure and healthier blood fat levels, and were less likely to smoke, which contributed to their lower risk of heart disease.
Researchers developed a new computational tool to predict spin dynamics in materials, enabling rapid design and identification of suitable materials for quantum computing applications. The approach has been applied to various materials, including silicon, iron, graphene, molybdenum disulfide, and gallium nitride, with promising results.
A study found that children who used rhythmic gestures while narrating improved their oral narrative skills in terms of structure and fluency. The research suggests that body movements play a crucial role in language development, and multimodal training can enhance oral storytelling abilities.
Researchers have developed a therapy using engineered T cells to target and treat type 1 diabetes by restoring balance in the pancreas. The treatment involves genetically engineering a patient's own T cells to function like normal regulatory T cells, which then help suppress the overactive immune response.
Researchers have discovered that the symbiotic relationship between plants and rhizobia is more complex than previously thought, with plants actively trying to exploit the bacteria for nitrogen fixation. The study sheds light on how soya and clover harness bacterial nitrogen fixation, a process that could be applied to other crops.
The discovery of well-preserved ancient skeletons in Belize has provided new insights into the introduction of maize as a key part of people's diets in Central America. The study shows that maize became a major food source around 4,700 years ago, with its consumption increasing over time and eventually becoming a staple crop.
Research from Anglia Ruskin University's Vision and Eye Research Institute found that people with severe vision loss can less accurately judge the distance of nearby sounds. This impairment may put them at risk of injury in real-life situations.
Scientists have revealed the first known atomic structure of a molecular machine responsible for installing critical signaling proteins into cellular membranes. The study provides new insights into how membrane proteins become established in membranes and how they change from their unstructured form to their functional form.
A new study suggests that video visits may become a permanent feature of the patient-provider landscape due to the coronavirus pandemic. The study found that patients with eating disorders required significant workarounds to provide regular monitoring of weight and vital signs.
A phase III trial showed rituximab significantly improves the three-year survival rate for pediatric patients with advanced B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, decreasing treatment failures by 70 percent.
New research reveals ancient human skeletons show transition from pre-maize hunter-gatherer diets to increasing reliance on corn. Maize made up less than 30% of people's diets by 4,700 years ago, rising to 70% 700 years later.
A new study has provided precise tests of dark energy and cosmic expansion by analyzing the distribution of galaxies in the Universe. The research uses a combination of cosmic voids and baryon acoustic oscillations, yielding more accurate results than previous methods.
The SWOG Cancer Research Network is sparking discussion and creating consensus on how cancer clinical trial stakeholders can best interact on social platforms. The growing role of social media in raising awareness about trials and boosting accrual highlights both promises and challenges, including legal, ethical, and logistical hurdles.
Researchers at University of Freiburg developed a novel, stable oxidizing agent that overcomes common disadvantages of existing oxidants. The new reagent allows for the synthesis of reactive species in standard laboratory solvents and has broad applicability in inorganic, organic chemistry, electrochemical research.
Changes in land use, such as deforestation and urbanization, alter animal behavior, leading to increased disease emergence in humans. Research highlights the need for further studies on disease spread and its link to animal ecology, pathogen ecology, and land-use change.
Research published in PLOS ONE found that social status, not body size, determines reproductive success for female mountain gorillas. High-ranking females produce offspring more frequently due to preferential access to males. Dominance rank is linked to reproductive benefits, even with abundant food supply.
Researchers at Harvard have developed HAMR-JR, a half-scale cockroach-inspired microrobot that can run, jump, carry heavy payloads, and turn on a dime. The tiny robot, about the size of a penny, boasts unprecedented dexterity and speed, defying conventional design limitations.
A review of 56 randomized clinical trials found that cognitive behavior therapy is superior to other psychotherapies in reducing inflammation and boosting the immune system. CBT was most effective in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have identified key changes in a molecular pathway that plays critical roles in human development, blood pressure regulation, inflammation, and cell death. The findings provide a blueprint for drug development and shed light on how common medications interact with the target.
Scientists investigated how dynamic magnetic properties of individual molecular magnets change with orientation in a magnetic field. They found strong anisotropy, which is crucial for building functional quantum computer components.
To minimize risks, interventional radiologists propose a tiered approach for delaying cross-sectional procedures during the pandemic. Procedures should be categorized into urgent, within 2 weeks, or delayed for 2-6 months based on clinical circumstances.
A new modelling study suggests that a cautious approach to easing lockdown restrictions can be better for the global economy in the long run. The study found that shorter, stricter lockdowns minimize supply chain impacts, while gradually easing measures over 12 months may also be less disruptive.
A recent study published by Princeton University researchers reveals that the 'healthy immigrant' effect experienced by foreign-born black women is lost within a single generation due to discrimination and inequality. In contrast, foreign-born Hispanic women maintain a modest advantage in birthweight across generations.
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that PFAS exposure may cause menopause to occur two years earlier in women. High levels of PFAS were associated with an increased risk of early menopause, which could have significant impacts on cardiovascular and bone health.
A national survey of recent college graduates with and without disabilities reveals that 90% of each group are employed after graduation. Engaging in internships, paid employment, and career counseling services correlates positively with working after graduation for all graduates.
A new study suggests that the ocean's ability to absorb carbon dioxide will slow down as global emissions decrease, due to the slowed growth rate of atmospheric CO2. This could lead to a decrease in ocean carbon uptake and an increase in atmospheric CO2, contributing to additional warming.
A study of nearly 3 million California births found that living near active oil and gas wells may increase the risk of low birth weight babies, with rural residents being more affected. The study also found a slightly increased risk of small for gestational age babies in urban areas.
Scientists at University of Warsaw and ETH Zurich have synthesized active microparticles that self-propel in a fluid and reverse their direction based on wavelength. This breakthrough enables exploration of synthetic microswimmers with potential applications in diagnostics and medicine.
Researchers have identified over 2,000 large protostars using AI analysis of Gaia space telescope data. These young stars are believed to hold secrets about the origin of massive stars and galaxy formation.
A study published in the International Journal of Cancer found that outdoor light at night was associated with a 10% higher risk of developing breast cancer. The research analyzed satellite data on residential outdoor light exposure and followed 186,981 postmenopausal women for 16 years.
Researchers found that functional MRI measurements are highly suspect for predicting individual brain patterns, leading them to shift focus to brain structure measures instead. The study's findings have significant implications for the field of fMRI research, highlighting the need for more reliable methods.
Researchers disagree on whether reducing saturated fat intake can lower rates of heart disease, with some arguing that the evidence is inconclusive and others citing a strong link between saturated fats and increased LDL cholesterol levels. Experts caution against replacing foods high in saturated fat with added sugars and refined carb...
A comprehensive study examined how various motivations to be generous interact with one another. Researchers found that people overwhelmingly chose to be generous to others, regardless of motivation, and that all four established motivators work together in the real world.
Researchers identified a type of cell fusion between cancer cells and white blood cells called tumor-macrophage fusion (TMF), where the size and number of TMFs may predict disease-free survival. Larger TMFs were linked to shorter disease-free survival rates.
A new mobile app assesses risk factors and key biomarkers from blood tests to produce a COVID-19 severity score. The tool has been validated using data from over 1,000 New York City patients, confirming its ability to identify those at high risk for severe cases.
A recent study found that Australian bad cholesterol levels have decreased significantly over the past few decades. In contrast, countries in Asia and the Pacific region have seen a sharp increase in non-HDL 'bad' cholesterol levels, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes.
Barroso's designs paired inexpensive hardware with powerful distributed systems software to dramatically change system design. His work led to the development of hyperscale datacenters and has had a significant impact on industry, resulting in reduced hardware and operating costs.
A new survey found that 80% of U.S. adults will prioritize self-care after the pandemic, while nearly half report struggling to maintain their physical and mental health. The study highlights the need for a robust healthcare system to promote healthy habits and support self-care.