Researchers discover distinct effects of different tumor types on mouse immune system and human breast cancer patients, suggesting potential applications for cancer immunotherapy. Tumors cause widespread disruption of immune system, evolving over time, which can impact treatment efficacy.
Research at Kobe University reveals that metformin causes blood sugar to be excreted in the stool, promoting its removal from the intestine. This discovery contributes to understanding the mechanism of metformin's biological effects and may lead to the development of new drugs for diabetes.
A national survey of 4,149 adults found that the COVID-19 pandemic is impacting people's mental health, with most reporting increased stress, anxiety, and depression. The survey also revealed that essential workers are facing worse mental and physical health problems, while romantic relationships are experiencing mixed effects.
A case series examines COVID-19's epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features in hospitalized pediatric patients. Key findings include the impact of age, comorbidities, and disease severity on patient outcomes.
A new technology has been developed to rapidly create homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that target specific sites on cancer cells. The USC team's approach offers improved efficiency and potential enhanced stability, effectiveness, and safety compared to current methods.
Scientists found that building blocks of DNA and RNA can spontaneously form and co-exist in early Earth conditions, challenging the 'RNA world' theory. The research discovered four building blocks for DNA and RNA that can arise from the same reagents and conditions.
The study analyzed 600 COVID-19 cases in patients with rheumatic diseases and found no association between immunosuppressant intake and hospitalization. Treatment with high doses of prednisone was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization, while TNF-alpha inhibitors showed reduced hospitalization rates.
A study of 524 adults aged 65+ found that openness was linked to a 6% reduced risk of motoric cognitive risk (MCR), while neuroticism increased the risk of non-amnestic MCI. Personality traits played an independent role in pre-dementia syndromes, emphasizing their importance in dementia risk assessment.
New research suggests black holes could be like holograms, with information concentrated in a two-dimensional surface. This idea aligns with Einstein's theory of relativity and has significant implications for understanding these cosmic bodies.
Harvard University researchers successfully used base editing to correct a recessive genetic mutation causing complete deafness in mice. The treatment restored partially functional hearing, and the scientists hope to apply this technique to humans with similar conditions.
A global survey by the European Society of Cardiology found that heart attack patients are avoiding hospitals due to fear of COVID-19, resulting in a 50% drop in urgent hospital care. Most respondents reported delays in treatment, with 48% arriving late and beyond optimal window for life-saving intervention.
Children with severe hemophilia A who receive early prophylaxis are less likely to have joint damage in young adulthood than those who begin treatment later. However, prophylaxis does not fully prevent joint damage.
A study led by Dr. Dharam Kaushik found that the Nox4 protein is associated with high-grade kidney cancer progression and poor survival rates in patients. The research also identified a subgroup of patients who progress rapidly, making them ideal candidates for future targeted therapy studies.
Researchers at KAIST developed a novel approach to modulate local CO2 concentration in gas-diffusion electrode-based flow electrolyzers. This method improves the selectivity, conversion rate, and electrode stability, promoting C-C coupling reactions for multi-carbon molecule production.
A new laser-based system provides 3D models of diaphanous marine animals and their mucus structures, allowing researchers to understand how they function and what roles they play in the ocean. The study focused on larvaceans, which create complex mucus filters that remove vast amounts of carbon-rich food from the surrounding water.
KinaRx LLC, a Purdue University-affiliated startup, has received a $2 million SBIR grant to develop novel kinase inhibitors for treating relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other diseases. The company's platform aims to rapidly create complex drug molecules using bioinformatics and multi-component compound synthesis.
A risk-tailored approach can guide Canada's COVID-19 response by accounting for population-level risks. This approach would require granular data and address social and health inequities.
Researchers at the University of Strathclyde have developed new methods for detecting fingermarks on Scottish banks' new polymer notes, which are not effective with traditional cotton banknote techniques. The most effective process involves superglue fuming and infrared light.
A new immunotherapeutic agent has been shown to significantly improve treatment outcomes for children and adolescents with advanced non-Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly Burkitt lymphoma. The agent, rituximab, in combination with chemotherapy, has a cure rate of over 95% and reduces the risk of disease progression by up to 70%.
Scientists at UTokyo-IIS developed a machine learning algorithm to infer excited states from ground states of materials. The algorithm used artificial neural networks to analyze data from core-electron absorption spectroscopy, revealing new insights into chemical reactivity and material function.
A new partnering agreement will finance a multi-centre Phase 2/3 adaptive clinical trial in Colombia, Panama, and Thailand to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the BBV87 vaccine candidate. The investment aims to accelerate the development of an effective Chikungunya vaccine for equitable access.
Defective ACLP protein causes cellular stress and induces fibrosis in multiple organs, including lungs, livers, and adipose tissues. The study identifies a novel variant of EDS-causing mutations and reveals the protein's role in maintaining connective tissue integrity.
A wearable biosensor, VitalScout, accurately monitors heart rate and respiration rate to calculate stress levels. The sensor's metrics correlate strongly with breathing analyses, offering a useful tool for healthcare professionals to manage stress.
Researchers at University of Illinois and Colorado State University developed a new 3D imaging technique called harmonic optical tomography, which uses holographic information to generate microscopic images of tissues. The technique has potential applications in medical diagnostics, finding cracks in oil wells and airplane wings.
A study found that an inflammatory syndrome linked to COVID-19 is more common among children of African ancestry, with notable gastrointestinal symptoms and heart inflammation. The researchers urge doctors to be vigilant, particularly in countries with a high proportion of African children.
Astronomers have measured the Fermi Bubbles, two enormous outflows of high-energy gas emanating from the Milky Way, using the Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper telescope. The findings refine our understanding of these mysterious blobs and provide new opportunities to study the galaxy's central region.
The review found that low-dose aspirin significantly lowers cardiovascular disease risk by 17% and increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial bleeding. The benefits should be weighted against the risks in formal decision analyses to guide aspirin use.
A new analysis predicts a sharp rise in alcohol-related liver disease in the US, with over 1 million deaths projected by 2040. Reducing high-risk drinking rates could prevent 299,000 deaths compared to the status quo scenario.
Researchers at Cornell University have identified a protein called TiPARP that acts as a terminator for several cancer-causing transcription factors, including HIF-1. This discovery establishes TiPARP as a potential tumor suppressor and offers new insights into the mechanisms of cancer growth.
Researchers from Monash University and CSIRO have developed a magnetized Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) nanocomposite that captures carbon dioxide with remarkable speed and low energy cost. This technology is 45% more efficient than commercially deployed materials, making it a promising solution for emissions reduction and renewable e...
Researchers found that water rises up to 9 inches in the capillary fringe, controlling important functions like contaminant breakdown and carbon storage. The team also discovered that microbes behave differently depending on oxygen levels, requiring ideal conditions for decomposition.
Researchers are developing deep learning methods to dramatically reduce design computation time for complex energy systems. The project aims to execute design studies at near-interactive speeds, improving aerodynamic performance and efficiency in aircraft wings and other applications.
An international team of researchers has discovered that ancient carbon stored beneath thick continental crust is released as CO2 during break-up. The study, published in Nature, sheds light on the source of high CO2 fluxes in rift zones.
Researchers found that mixtures of H2, HD, and D2 behaved as an isotopic molecular alloy and exhibited symmetry-breaking phase transitions at higher pressures than expected. The discovery was attributed to quantum trapping of high-kinetic energy states by exchange interaction.
A University of Cincinnati cardiologist is conducting an observational study to understand why some patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have better outcomes than others. The researcher aims to identify biomarkers that predict short- and long-term clinical outcomes and find ways to reduce bleeding risks.
Researchers at Shinshu University developed a new photocatalyst design that enables efficient solar hydrogen production, with the ability to achieve near-perfect quantum efficiency. This breakthrough has significant implications for scalable and economically viable hydrogen production.
Researchers have developed synthetic red blood cells that exhibit all the properties of natural ones, including flexibility and oxygen transport. These artificial cells can carry therapeutic cargoes, such as anticancer drugs or toxin sensors, and demonstrate potential in medical applications like cancer therapy and toxin biosensing.
Researchers discovered that memory recall processes in older adults resemble those in younger populations, but for those who struggle to remember, brain activity patterns are diminished. Stronger hippocampal activity and replay in the cortex were linked to better memory performance, regardless of age.
Researchers find air pollution can alter social behaviors in mice, causing inflammation that damages healthy tissues. Chronic exposure to particulate matter is also associated with boosted production of amyloid plaques, a key feature of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found asymptomatic persons account for approximately 40-45% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, emphasizing the need for symptomless testing. The pandemic has highlighted a shortage of infectious disease (ID) experts in the US, with nearly two-thirds of Americans living in counties with below-average ID physician access.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science improve light-driven water-splitting to produce hydrogen by etching the reaction catalyst with plasma jets in solution. This technique enhances the properties of BiVO4 nanocrystals, resulting in better catalytic performance and improved water splitting.
A monoclonal antibody targeting mutant huntingtin protein effectively binds and depletes the protein from cell culture supernatants, blocking its secretion and uptake. This suggests that mAB C6-17 could interfere with pathological processes of mutant huntingtin spreading in vivo.
The new app, called neureka, uses brain games and self-reflection challenges to collect data on mental health and dementia research. It aims to identify modifiable risk factors for disorders of the mind and capture complex datasets to develop individualized understanding of brain health.
Research suggests that COVID-19 lockdowns have a detrimental impact on the diet, sleep, and physical activity habits of children with obesity. Compared to pre-pandemic behaviors, these children consumed more junk food, watched more TV, and slept an extra half hour per day.
A randomized clinical trial found that hydroxychloroquine had no effect on preventing COVID-19 in healthy individuals after exposure. The trial tested 821 participants and showed a slight increase in infection rates among those taking the medication.
Researchers at Lund University have identified CXCR4 as essential for the survival of leukemia stem cells, which can be controlled by cutting off the gene using CRISPR technology. This discovery reveals a fundamental difference in how leukemia stem cells and normal blood stem cells are regulated.
Research found that emotional eaters experience a stronger appetite response when experiencing negative emotions, while restrictive eaters show no significant change. The study suggests potential strategies for treating eating disorders by focusing on emotion regulation.
Researchers found a link between gram-negative bacteria and cerebral cavernous malformations, which can cause hemorrhagic strokes, seizures, or headaches. The study showed that gut bacteria from CA patients produced more lipopolysaccharide molecules, driving CA formation in mice.
New research evaluates how US wind plant performance changes with age, finding that older plants experience relatively low levels of decline in peak performance compared to European fleets. Fungi food choices study reveals enzymes used for breaking down plant cell walls can be mass-produced and used in industrial processes.
A team of experts has conducted a review study on the impact of land-use changes, such as deforestation and urbanization, on the behavior of animals and the risk of disease transmission to humans. The study reveals that there are significant gaps in understanding how these factors affect the spread of diseases from mammals to humans.
Researchers at Texas A&M University designed a microdevice that mimics tortuous blood vessels to detect and monitor blood clots in pediatric patients. The device, developed by Dr. Abhishek Jain's team, provides quick, reliable, and low-cost results within 10-15 minutes.
Researchers found high gene flow among herds with shared translocation sources, and distinct population clusters aligning with current management units. Despite historical losses and translocations, bighorn sheep maintained a unique genetic structure in Wyoming.
A case series describes immunologic features of mild and moderate COVID-19 in pediatric patients, highlighting distinct clinical characteristics. The study found that hospitalized children with COVID-19 exhibit unique immune responses, which may inform treatment strategies.
A recent study by the University of Texas at Austin found that patients with chronic disease who used patient portals were less likely to be hospitalized, need emergency care or be readmitted. These users also had shorter hospital stays, resulting in significant cost savings for hospitals.
A new study reveals how 'continuous reaction networks' can produce RNA precursors and possibly ultimately RNA itself, a critical bridge to life. The experiments exposed simple molecules to high-energy radiation and evaporation, returning compounds that may have been important for the origins of life.
A new study found that the rainy season in Northern Central Asia will shift from May-July to March-May by the end of the 21st century. This change is attributed to increased precipitation, with a projected 14.41% rise under the highest emission scenario.
Research reveals that positive anticipation leads to impatience, while negative anticipation elicits dread, influencing task prioritization. The study's findings have practical applications for personal finance and long-term planning.
A recent special issue of Economic Development Quarterly examines the impact of local and state financial incentives on business location decisions. Research suggests that simply expanding incentives may not be effective in creating jobs, while some types of incentives work better for specific industries in certain local economies.
The University of Maryland School of Medicine's Center for International Health, Education and Biosecurity (Ciheb) received $4 million from the CDC to support COVID-19 response activities in four countries. In Nigeria, a population-based study will estimate COVID-19 prevalence and inform local response efforts.
Researchers found that genetic risk scores can identify at-risk patients who are not presently identified through standard clinical evaluations. The study, published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, found that individuals with high PRS were more likely to develop coronary artery disease and should be recommended fo...