A study found that low-dose chest CT scans used for lung cancer screening do not cause significant DNA damage or chromosome aberrations. The results suggest that the risks of low-dose CT are minimal, and it can be used for lung cancer screening.
Researchers discovered how electrons in pyrochlore oxide crystals form a 'glassy state' due to distortions in the atomic lattice, leading to a spin-glass phenomenon. This work sheds light on understanding glass transitions and their fundamental role in physics.
A 12-week study found that daily avocado consumption improved attention in adults with overweight or obesity, as measured by the Flanker task. However, there was no significant impact on other cognitive tests or lutein levels
Researchers found that hydrogen ice pellets enhance fusion temperatures and plasma pressure compared to gas injection on DIII-D. The findings are encouraging for ITER's pellet-injection fueling method, which aims to replicate the sun's fusion process.
Researchers have successfully mapped the cosmic web's filamentary structure using a slime mold-inspired algorithm, providing insights into dark matter's role in shaping the universe. The study revealed that denser regions of intergalactic gas are organized into filaments that stretch over 10 million light-years from galaxies.
Researchers developed a new concept of resectability and identified objective pre-operative prognostic factors to predict long-term survival in pancreatic cancer patients. The study's nomogram can estimate patient outcomes before surgery, regardless of local anatomic features.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham found a clear relationship between infant sleep problems and emotional and behavioral problems in toddlers. Infants who experienced frequent night wakings, short sleep duration, or difficulty falling asleep were more likely to show emotional and behavioral problems by 24 months.
Researchers use a Physarum-based algorithm to visualize the cosmic web's filaments, connecting galaxies and diffuse hydrogen gas. The model replicates the distribution of dark matter on large scales, providing a new tool for understanding the universe's structure.
A novel biofuel system has been developed for hydrogen production from biomass, improving efficiency and reducing energy consumption. The system uses lignin as an electron donor to produce high-value-added compounds and extract electrons for hydrogen production.
Research reveals large ecosystems like Amazon forests can collapse in 49 years and Caribbean coral reefs in just 15 years. This accelerated rate of transformation is attributed to the modular structure of larger ecosystems, which initially provides resilience but ultimately accelerates unraveling when a threshold is passed.
Researchers at Drexel University have developed a lab-scale reactor system that can produce large quantities of MXene in bulk, preserving its unique properties. The system uses a computerized process to refine the material and ensures consistency, a critical step towards achieving manufacturing standards.
A new project aims to bring together academic, clinical, and community partners to improve access to healthy local foods for Latinos in rural communities. The UC Riverside School of Medicine will lead the two-year engagement project, which includes a cookbook and training of health educators to promote MyPlate recipes.
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior confirms that frequent family meals are associated with better dietary outcomes and improved family functioning. The research found a positive relationship between family meal frequency and increased fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as measures of family c...
New research from the University of Cambridge suggests that parents of children with genetic learning disabilities are at risk of mental health problems. The study found that social factors do not predict a parent's risk of low mood and stress, instead highlighting the impact of the child's genetic disorder and behavior on family life.
A study published in Injury Prevention found that around 100,000 convicted felons in the US may still possess firearms, with California being the only state to enforce a recovery program. The researchers estimate this number is based on data from the Armed and Prohibited Persons System database.
Researchers have found the first direct correlation between dark matter and gamma rays in the universe. The study used gamma ray data from Fermi Large Area Telescope and mapped it with weak gravitational lensing, providing insights into the nature of dark matter and its potential connection to gamma ray emissions.
A new study by Case Western Reserve University found that nearly 94% of defendants in Cuyahoga County drug court have been exposed to trauma, with many suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The research suggests a need for increased trauma-informed care and possibly specialized, gender-specific support.
Chemists at the University of Miami have created an artificial enzyme with improved catalytic abilities. The new molecule is designed to tackle chemical reactions in industrial settings and could lead to the development of more efficient biofuel production, drug creation, and other applications.
Researchers found that intermittent fasting affects liver enzymes and fatty acid metabolism in mice, revealing a surprising role played by the HNF4-alpha protein. This knowledge can help develop new interventions for cancer, cardiovascular, and diabetes diseases.
A new study analyzed temporal evolution of seismicity and growth of maximum observed moment magnitudes in various stimulation projects. The results show a clear linear relation between injected fluid volume and cumulative seismic moments for most projects, indicating that seismicity can be managed by changes in injection strategy.
Researchers at KU Leuven exposed a security flaw in Intel processors, revealing a vulnerability in SGX enclaves that can be exploited for sensitive information. The 'Load Value Injection' attack allows attackers to inject data into software programs, compromising passwords and other personal data.
Researchers identified a mutation responsible for destabilizing light chains, leading to the formation of deadly amyloid fibrils. The study provides new insights into the disease and potential diagnostic methods.
A new classification system for orofacial pain has been developed by international researchers, providing a common language for medical doctors and dentists to diagnose patients accurately. The system is expected to improve treatment outcomes for individuals suffering from chronic pain in the mouth, jaws, and face.
Sandia National Laboratories has received funding to develop a patient-friendly brain imager that uses quantum sensors for more accurate and accessible measurements. The new system aims to enable people with chronic pain and motor disorders to participate in MEG scans, improving the accuracy of diagnoses.
Researchers used CRISPR-Cas system to effectively target and eliminate specific gut bacteria, including Clostridioides difficile, the pathogen that causes colitis. The study demonstrates the potential of this approach in preventing disease and promoting human gut health.
Young people who have tried e-cigarettes but never smoked before are four-and-a-half times more likely to go on to try smoking. However, the association between e-cigarette use among non-smokers and subsequent smoking remains unclear due to methodological limitations.
Research shows that babies consuming infant rice cereals have higher intakes of key nutrients like calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and vitamin E. Baby cereal is associated with better nutrient status and a reduced risk of inadequate intakes of these essential nutrients.
Researchers identified a novel L-fucose metabolic pathway in Veillonella ratti, which encodes enzymes for a previously unknown non-phosphorylating L-fucose pathway. The study also discovered another L-2-keto-3-deoxyfuconate aldolase involved in the same pathway in Campylobacter jejuni.
A new clinical trial led by Keck Medicine of USC is investigating the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Spinal Cord Neuromodulation (TESCoN) in treating overactive bladder due to neurological conditions. The trial aims to improve patients' sense of well-being by enhancing bladder control and reducing symptoms.
A study by the UPV/EHU-University of the Basque Country found that microplastics cause mortality in detritivores and reduce tadpole growth. Microplastics also attach to periphyton, altering ecosystem productivity, and are ingested by organisms, highlighting their potential impact on freshwater ecosystems.
Researchers have developed a novel error-correction scheme that takes advantage of bosonic symmetry to encode information efficiently. This approach could reduce the number of physical qubits required, enabling the scaling up of experimental quantum computers.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered a new way to reduce frost formation on any surface using a leaf-inspired design. The study found that the optimized surface structure reduces frost by up to 60% and can be defrosted with considerably less energy.
Scientists at King's College London have found positive evidence that a natural tooth repair method has the potential to be translated into a clinical approach. The study discovered that reparative dentine produced is sufficient to repair cavities in human teeth, and the drug can activate repair up to ten times larger.
Researchers propose axion as solution to three mysteries: matter-antimatter asymmetry, dark matter, and the strong CP problem. The axion's rotation creates a tiny excess of matter over antimatter, explaining why we exist.
A study of a second HIV patient to undergo successful stem cell transplantation from donors with a HIV-resistant gene finds that there was no active viral infection in the patient's blood 30 months after they stopped anti-retroviral therapy. The patient had a healthy CD4 cell count, suggesting they have recovered well from the transplant.
Researchers found that baboon mothers in the wild carry dead infants for varying lengths of time, with an average duration of three to four days. The mother's age, infant cause of death, and climate conditions may influence the length of time a mother carries her dead infant.
Scientists have identified a specific antibody that binds to brain immune cells and triggers processes that enhance microglia activity. This stimulates the immune cells to detect and degrade abnormal protein deposits, known as plaques, more effectively, potentially providing better protection against Alzheimer's disease.
A new study published in Circulation found that noncitizens in the US are less likely to receive treatment for cardiovascular disease risk factors due to lack of insurance coverage and a usual source of care. The disparities were significant, with only 16.5% of noncitizens receiving treatment for high cholesterol.
Self-help groups have empowered caregivers of children with disabilities to take control of their lives and reduce challenges in low-income settings. The UEA-KEMRI project demonstrated significant growth in social support and caregivers' sense of well-being.
A UNIGE researcher has solved a scientific controversy about the speed of the universe's expansion by proposing that it may not be homogeneous on a large scale. This approach eliminates a divergence between two independent calculation methods, which previously yielded conflicting values for the Hubble constant.
Researchers developed a microfluidics device that isolates cancer cells from urine, achieving high detection rates of up to 85% and 86% for localized cancer cases. The new method provides an alternative to invasive tissue biopsies and blood tests with false positive results.
Researchers developed a computer program analyzing molecules in blood plasma to identify individuals at risk of becoming overweight and developing obesity-related diseases. The test is 90% accurate in detecting whether the subject will gain weight without intervention, also predicting diabetes and other health risks.
A University of Oklahoma-led study reveals a decline in grasshopper numbers over the past two decades in a Kansas grassland preserve. The research identifies nutrient dilution as a key driver, caused by increased atmospheric CO2 levels, leading to declining plant quality and reduced sustenance for herbivores.
A new branded HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) drug, emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), has been approved but found not to be cost-effective compared to generic formulation F/TDF. The study suggests that the high cost of F/TAF may undermine efforts to expand access to PrEP for the most vulnerable populations.
A recent study found that children who received federal rental assistance had better asthma outcomes, including lower rates of diagnosis and emergency department visits. The research suggests that stable housing can improve lung function and overall health in children with asthma.
A 66-year-long study found that tall and lean girls are at a higher risk of developing endometriosis. However, results also showed that girls with a higher childhood BMI have a lower risk of the disease, suggesting biological mechanisms may be involved.
A national paid maternity leave policy of at least 12 weeks can reduce postpartum depression, infant mortality, and improve mother-child interactions. Paid leave also has economic benefits, including increased breastfeeding duration and wage stability.
A team of social scientists from rival institutions came together to reach a scientific consensus on stereotype formation. They developed a joint theory that combined perceived competence and warmth as key factors, but with nuances depending on the situation.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health estimates the median disease incubation period for COVID-19 at 5.1 days, affirming earlier estimates and supporting the CDC's current 14-day quarantine period. This estimate suggests that about 97.5% of people develop symptoms within 11.5 days of exposure.
A new study reveals that analyzing large-scale ecological patterns can help predict changes in ecosystems. Ecologists are using decades of weather data to forecast bird migrations and wildlife population fluctuations, which can inform conservation measures. The research aims to improve understanding of the climate-ecology link, enablin...
Research by Southern Methodist University and Texas Tech University found that higher continuity of care leads to improved patient outcomes, including fewer inpatient visits and lower readmission rates. However, at the highest levels of continuity of care, outcomes worsen, suggesting a potential benefit from having multiple providers.
The University of Surrey's 'SMART' project investigates interlingual live subtitling via respeaking to broaden accessibility, empowering different user groups and enabling a more inclusive society. The project aims to equip language professionals with optimal skills and develop guidelines for making live events accessible.
Researchers discovered significant chemical differences between PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol species, affecting particle acidity and water content predictions. These findings are crucial for accurately modeling air pollution in highly polluted regions, where the distinction is critical.
A team of researchers led by University of Delaware Professor Velia M. Fowler has made a groundbreaking discovery about MYH9-related disorders, a condition affecting 1 in 25,000 people. The study found that mutations in the MYH9 gene disrupt platelet formation and movement, leading to unstable clots and various health issues.
A large cohort study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that apixaban was associated with a lower risk of stroke or systemic blood clots compared to rivaroxaban in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The study also showed that apixaban was linked to a lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or bleeding in the brain.
General practitioners and family physicians have distinct personal and professional characteristics, according to a recent study. GPs tend to be older, male, and more likely to provide nursing home services and make home visits.
Researchers found that mild mitochondrial depolarization minimizes damage from reactive oxygen species and serves an anti-aging function in naked mole rats and bats. This process involves the shuttle of ATP and ADP through the mitochondrial membrane to certain kinase metabolic sites.
Researchers identified the optimal gestation week for twin births associated with the lowest risk of perinatal death and special education needs. Twins born between 32-34 weeks had the best outcomes.
A new CRISPR-Cas12b system enables efficient plant genome engineering with gene editing, activation and repression capabilities. The system outperforms existing CRISPR tools, offering improved efficiency and versatility for plant breeding and disease resistance.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to predict the behavior of glucose-responsive insulins in humans and rodents. The model identified optimal designs that could work well in both species, with about 13% predicted to be effective in both, and 14% in humans alone.