A new study by Boston University researchers estimates that nearly 62,530 cancer survivors in the US are transgender, with trans men being twice as likely to receive a cancer diagnosis. Transgender individuals also face higher rates of diabetes, heart disease, and depression compared to cisgender counterparts.
Researchers at Linköping University have created an organic material with superb conductivity by mixing two polymers, eliminating the need for doping. This breakthrough could lead to improved efficiency in organic solar cells and bioelectronic applications.
A Mayo Clinic-led study reveals that rapid fat degradation occurs in acute pancreatitis, triggered by PNLIP enzyme, and worsens disease outcomes. Obesity exacerbates pancreatitis risk, while unsaturated fats increase organ failure risk.
A new study finds that hurricanes Irma and Maria combined to knock down a quarter of Puerto Rico's tree biomass, with rain dominating the damage caused by wind. The research suggests that future hurricanes stoked by warming climates may be even more destructive to forests than previously thought.
Researchers analyzed data from 224 stars to understand the interplay between rotation and convection in determining a star's activity level. The study found that turbulent convection plays a crucial role in explaining the behavior of main-sequence and evolved stars, contradicting previous models.
The study describes experiments using a three-dimensional active nematic, revealing dominant loop structures that emerge spontaneously and expand before self-annihilating. These loops differ from defects in two-dimensional systems, having no charge but still related to them.
A new guideline aims to address Indigenous homelessness through four broad protocols: situating oneself, visiting, hospitality, and treating others with respect. The guidelines emphasize the importance of inter-relationality and community-based approaches to support Indigenous peoples experiencing homelessness.
Including smoking cessation with existing lung cancer screening efforts would significantly reduce lung cancer mortality and increase life-years gained. The study found that point-of-screening cessation interventions could further reduce lung cancer deaths by 14% and increase life-years gained by 81%.
Researchers have successfully created translucent solar cells with a high efficiency level of 12.2%, solving issues of flexibility and transparency. The development paves the way for integrating solar cells into everyday infrastructure, such as energy-generating vehicles and buildings made from glass.
Researchers from diverse fields collaborate to understand plant-environment interactions, bridging paleoecology, physiology, ecology, genetics, and more. Key findings reveal how plants leverage their genomes to adapt to abiotic stressors and interact with microbes.
A method combining vital signs and medical data predicts circulatory failure in ICU patients several hours in advance, enabling early intervention. The approach uses just 20 relevant variables to achieve 90% accuracy and cuts alarm systems by 90%. Further development is needed for clinical trial testing.
Physicist Esther Wertz receives NSF CAREER award to investigate nanometer-scale metal structures controlling light at the quantum limit. Her work aims to create a single photon transistor by manipulating quantum states without destroying superposition.
Scientists have successfully turned back the biological hands of time by coaxing adult human cells to revert to a primitive state, unlocking their potential to replace and repair damaged blood vessels in the retina. The findings advance regenerative medicine techniques aimed at reversing diabetic retinopathy.
Researchers found that urban lizards can maintain function at temperatures 0.82 degrees C higher than forest counterparts. This heat tolerance allows them to thrive in urban environments, where temperatures often exceed 40 C.
A team of researchers from UC Santa Barbara has developed a system using hyperspectral imaging and machine learning to detect methane leaks, achieving an 87% success rate. This method can differentiate between methane and other hydrocarbons, pinpointing the location of emissions.
Researchers found that ship noise weakens shore crabs' ability to change shell color and respond to danger. The study shows that even for animals not primarily using sound, noise pollution can impact survival behaviors.
A recent study by botanist Cody Coyotee Howard uncovered two ranges of optimum bulb diameter driven by natural selection, with larger bulbs thriving in warmer climates. The research has significant implications for understanding plant evolution, agriculture, and horticulture.
Researchers discovered that influenza H1N1 blocks protein degradation pathways, inducing alpha-synuclein and DISC1 protein aggregates. Increased expression levels of these proteins were found in murine brains after H1N1 infection.
A study by University of Sydney and University of São Paulo found that 20% of malaria risk in deforestation hotspots is driven by international trade of goods like coffee, timber, and palm oil. The research calls for consumers to be more mindful of their consumption and procurement, supporting sustainable land ownership in developing c...
Countries can improve health outcomes by collecting accurate birth and death data, with training strategies showing a 28-43% reduction in incorrect certificates. Automated verbal autopsy methods also produce reliable cause of death information.
Researchers at the University of Warwick estimate that a hard Brexit could lead to an increase in food prices for families, with some households facing rises of up to £20.98 per week. The study found that meat, dairy, and jams would be most affected by the changes.
Research at Mount Rainier National Park finds a growing mismatch between the blooming of iconic wildflowers and visitor peak times due to climate change. The study, led by the University of Washington, used crowd-sourced photos and analysis to model the timing of wildflower blooms and visitor visits from 2009-2015.
The FAST algorithm is a collaborative diabetes management tool that empowers diabetic patients who fast with Ramadan-specific educational materials and encouragement of active self-monitoring. The tool showed significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c levels among participants.
Researchers estimate the median incubation period of COVID-19 to be 5.1 days, with 97.5% of cases developing symptoms within 11.5 days of infection. This supports current CDC recommendations for active monitoring and quarantine.
A recent NIH-funded study found that pregnant African adolescent girls and young women have significantly lower concentrations of the PrEP drug tenofovir compared to non-pregnant individuals. The study suggests that daily PrEP adherence is crucial for this population, despite potential physiological changes during pregnancy.
A new study has found that the energy source behind mysterious ultraviolet radiation is likely star-forming galaxies, which are producing gigantic clouds of hydrogen gas that emit Lyman-alpha light. The study's findings suggest that infalling hydrogen gas originates in the intergalactic medium rather than the galaxy itself.
A new study suggests that squatting and kneeling may be important resting positions in human evolution, as they involve higher levels of muscle activity. This could reduce the health risks associated with sedentary behavior, particularly cardiovascular disease.
A new study finds that machine learning algorithms can accurately diagnose mastitis origin and reduce mastitis levels on dairy farms. The technique achieved a classification accuracy of 98% for environmental vs contagious mastitis and 78% for lactation vs dry period environmental mastitis.
A nationwide prospective cohort study found that adults taking Vitamin K antagonist medication (VKA) had a lower incidence of overall bleeding events compared to direct oral anticoagulants. However, the VKA group also experienced a significantly higher mortality rate over one year.
A self-paced online program guides adult cancer patients and older adults through advance care planning, improving their knowledge, decision-making skills, and readiness. Participants took modest action to begin planning, suggesting that such tools could support advance care planning initiatives in outpatient settings.
A Yale University study found that robots expressing vulnerability improve human-to-human communication, leading to more positive group experiences. Humans on teams with vulnerable robots spent twice as much time talking to each other and reported enjoying the experience more.
A new study from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus found that patients who took fewer opioids pre-discharge also reported less opioid intake in the following weeks. The study suggests tailoring opioid prescriptions to individual patient needs, balancing pain management and reducing leftover pills.
Bowhead whales alter their behavior when killer whales are present, opting for areas with dense sea ice and shallow water near shorelines. This shift may come at the cost of reduced foraging opportunities in phytoplankton-rich open water.
A 10-year prospective cohort study found that older patients with vertigo had significantly lower mortality rates than those with presyncope or cardiovascular disease-related dizziness. Many patients still alive at follow-up reported substantial dizziness-related impairment, regardless of subtype or cause.
Researchers at IST Austria find that bacteria can copy genes as an adaptive strategy, creating genetic diversity and tuning gene expression levels. This mechanism allows for quick adaptation on ecological timescales, potentially impacting antibiotic resistance.
Studies have shown that turtle ant soldiers exhibit a four-fold difference in head shapes, adapted to different tunnel sizes. The research suggests that evolution can be dynamic and reversible, with some species evolving back into more generalist stages.
Researchers developed a more efficient automated parking guidance control strategy that mimics the approach to parallel parking commonly used by human drivers. This new method simplifies control rules and strategies, reducing computing and storage resources required in vehicles.
Early-career family physicians with maternity care and buprenorphine prescribing skills are undertrained, posing risks for pregnant women with opioid use disorder. Family medicine residencies must prioritize training in treating substance use disorder during pregnancy to address rising maternal mortality rates.
A study in the Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine reports that most patients with sports-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) do not achieve clinical recovery within two weeks after injury. Recovery times varied by age and presence of concussion modifiers, highlighting the importance of early access to care.
Researchers found that brain regions involved in taste also activate when thinking about food origin. The study used functional MRI to monitor brain activity while participants answered questions about words from different categories.
A new approach using harmless viruses to deliver antibody genes has led to sustained production of HIV antibodies for over a year in a NIH clinical trial. The technology shows promise for preventing and treating various infectious diseases with further development.
Research reveals glucose acts as a molecular switch regulating SIRT1's function, impacting gene expression and metabolic flexibility. Glucose modification affects organismal health, with both over-activation and under-activation linked to diseases.
Researchers demonstrate a method to modulate magnetic information using visible light, reducing magnetization in a ferromagnetic film. This technique could enable rapid digital storage and retrieval using room temperature illumination.
A new HIV prevention drug, emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), has been met with criticism for its high cost and limited benefits compared to generic alternatives. The study found that F/TAF is not cost-effective and may even cause more avoidable HIV transmissions than it prevents.
A study found that patients who take less opioid pain medication before discharge have lower usage during the four weeks following. Quantifying pre-discharge opioid intake may inform better pain management practices.
The Protein Society has launched DiversifyProteinScience, a web portal aiming to improve exposure for traditionally underrepresented groups in protein science. Users can upload demographic and professional data to find diverse protein scientists.
A randomized clinical trial found that gabapentin, commonly used for nerve pain, was effective in reducing symptoms of alcohol use disorder. The study suggests that this medication may be beneficial for millions of Americans struggling with problem drinking and a history of withdrawal symptoms.
Persistent sleep difficulties in infancy are associated with heightened risks of childhood anxieties and emotional disorders. Infants with persistent severe sleep problems are nearly three times as likely to have emotional problem symptoms when they are 4 years old.
A study of over 500,000 middle-aged adults found that anticholinergic burden is associated with an increased risk of future adverse events such as falls, dementia, heart attacks, strokes, and deaths. The use of multiple medications with anticholinergic properties can have cumulative negative effects on the body.
Researchers found that operational failures, particularly with electronic medical records, result in additional work for primary care physicians. This disparity highlights the need to address system-level errors to improve physician work efficiency.
A study by Université Laval researchers suggests that bacteria may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes in individuals with severe obesity. The researchers found distinct bacterial signatures in diabetics' blood, liver, and fat deposits compared to non-diabetics.
Researchers develop peptoid-coated DNA origami that maintains structural integrity and functionality in different physiological environments, enabling potential use in delivering anti-cancer drugs and proteins. The method involves designing peptoids to stabilize DNA origami, with the brush-type architecture achieving optimal protection.
Researchers found that the alignment of nanotubes in 2D films corresponds to parallel, submicroscopic grooves on the paper. The grooves likely form during the factory production process, and removing them allows for control over alignment direction.
Research shows that people approach and interact with dominant monkeys despite perceiving them as more threatening. In reality, dominant primates often get closer to humans due to increased human interaction.
Researchers studied turtle ants using a species-level comparative analysis, finding that the evolution of head shape and size is reversible and decoupled within soldier and queen castes. This suggests that flexible adaptive evolution at the species level facilitates adaptive diversification of derived social lineages.
Cornell structural biologists develop a new method to capture collective protein motion, revealing subtle breathing motions that direct biochemical function. The technique adds valuable information to regular crystallography experiments.
A $20 million cooperative agreement renewal will focus on developing tools and best practices to aid local governments in disaster preparedness. The project, led by OU engineers, aims to provide practical application of modeling results to community stakeholders.
A collaborative research team has developed a system that uses less expensive materials to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, comparable to the current most popular system but without precious metals. This advance holds promise for affordable renewable energy storage and could increase hydrogen production rates nearly tenfold.
Active learning in STEM courses narrows achievement gaps by 33% and 45% compared to traditional lecturing. This evidence-based approach could reduce inequity in higher education.
A study found that a collaborative diabetes management tool, FAST, improved glycemic control in fasting adults with type 2 diabetes. The tool empowered diabetic patients with Ramadan-specific educational materials and encouraged active self-monitoring of blood glucose.