Cyanobacteria, previously thought to lack oil production ability, can now produce oil from water and carbon dioxide with light. This discovery opens up possibilities for producing animal feed or biofuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck have developed a method to cool microparticles using sound waves, enabling quantum experiments without photons. This innovative approach also provides a path to probe and manipulate exotic dynamics of acoustic and magnetic waves in small particles.
Researchers developed a novel treatment that compacts and stabilizes neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to enhance bacterial capture, resist degradation, and improve sepsis outcomes. The treatment improved survival in mice with sepsis by reducing severity of illness and decreasing bacteria levels.
Astrobiologists Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Jacob Heinz found thiophene molecules on Mars consistent with biological origins. Non-biological processes, such as meteor impacts or thermochemical sulfate reduction, also remain possible explanations.
A combination of AI algorithms and radiologist interpretations improved mammogram accuracy, avoiding unnecessary tests for 10% false positives. This approach has the potential to increase detection value and make healthcare more sustainable.
A study found that a clinically available drug, prochlorperazine (PCZ), inhibits the internalization of receptors on tumor cells, increasing the ability of anticancer antibodies to bind and mount effective immune responses. This temporary inhibition improves the effectiveness of cancer treatments.
Researchers have developed a novel planar chiral mirror that preserves the spin of light upon reflection, overcoming limitations of traditional mirrors. This innovation has potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum optics.
Researchers used 35 years of satellite imagery to study the effects of climate change on kelp forests in Oregon, finding that warm water isn't always bad news for these near-shore seaweeds. The study also challenged previous assumptions about the impact of large winter waves on kelp populations.
Researchers developed a new estuary box model to simulate river plumes and outflows, improving ocean model performance. The CMCC EBM model successfully reconstructed river plumes and improved forecast accuracy in the Mediterranean Sea.
A new study reveals that air pollution is the leading cause of premature death worldwide, with 8.8 million deaths in 2015. The effects of air pollution shorten lives by an average of almost three years.
Scientists have developed a diagnostic technique using electron microscopy to measure the behavior of individual atoms in materials. This allows them to detect and monitor impurities at the atomic level, with potential applications in various fields such as electronics and materials science.
Researchers from Cornell and Mars Global Food Safety Center developed a method for whole-genome sequencing to determine salmonella serotypes in two hours. This improves the efficiency of food safety response to salmonella contamination incidents, which can occur in various foods.
Researchers have identified phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), a gut microbe byproduct produced from phenylalanine breakdown, as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Elevated PAG levels predict adverse cardiac events and are associated with enhanced platelet reactivity and clotting potential.
A new study from the Joslin Diabetes Center reveals that ultra-wide field (UWF) fluorescein angiography detects over three times more microaneurysms than UWF color imaging, highlighting the need for cautious use of these techniques when evaluating and treating diabetic retinopathy. The research also suggests that AI can automate the gr...
Researchers used PET myocardial perfusion imaging to quantify myocardial blood flow and flow reserve, successfully detecting cardiac allograft vasculopathy and predicting prognosis. The study found MFR had higher accuracy in predicting overall prognosis for cardiac transplant patients.
A team of Skoltech scientists discovered reachability deficits in the widely adopted QAOA algorithm, limiting its ability to solve certain problems. The study found that QAOA's performance depends on the problem density, with high-density instances having optimal solutions that cannot be approximated with guaranteed success.
Researchers found fossilized thread-like filaments connecting organisms across nearly 40 sites in Newfoundland, Canada. The discovery may have revealed ancient social networks and challenged earlier studies of Ediacaran organisms' interactions.
A new coronavirus app coupled with machine intelligence will enable individuals to get an at-home risk assessment based on their symptoms and travel history. The app will also provide real-time information to local and public health officials, aiding in the targeting of prevention and treatment initiatives.
The researchers developed a low-cost and straightforward liquid phase process to create an active sulfur material and carbon nanofiber composite. This composite showed higher discharge capacity and better cycle stability than traditional lithium-ion secondary batteries. The new battery technology has the potential to revolutionize the ...
The new Boston building will be one of the largest residential wooden structures in the US, featuring a cross-laminated timber structure that eliminates most greenhouse-gas emissions. Its kit-of-parts approach and energy-efficient design make it a pioneering example of sustainable building in urban areas.
A study by researchers from the University of York found that local communities in the Lomami National Park are struggling to balance the bushmeat trade with conservation efforts. The study revealed four species of conservation concern, including the Dwarf crocodile, and estimated over 40,000 carcasses were sold annually in the market.
Researchers will focus on brain regions where place, time and memory occur to understand Alzheimer's disease. The goal is to identify early mechanisms of the disease and develop an early diagnosis.
A new study published in Experimental Results journal found that a commonly used autism screening tool, the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) questionnaire, lacks reliability in measuring autistic personality traits. The researchers suggest that new systems are needed to better capture the range of autistic traits across the population.
A study on vampire bats found that mothers continued to groom and feed their healthy offspring despite feeling sick, suggesting a strong family connection. Social grooming among unrelated bats decreased when they were ill, but food sharing remained consistent, highlighting the importance of social behavior in survival.
Researchers developed a digital holography method for assessing composite materials' quality, particularly ceramic spraying materials. This technique allows for precise analysis without distorting results or requiring sensor installation.
A new study introduces Memote, a community-maintained tool to assess and improve metabolic models. It addresses issues such as annotations, conceptual integrity, and experimental validation, promoting openness and collaboration among researchers.
A new study suggests that life in the universe is likely to be common, but only under specific conditions. The research, led by Professor Tomonori Totani, found that complex RNA structures necessary for life to exist may have formed spontaneously in vast regions of space beyond our observable horizon.
Researchers at UConn School of Dental Medicine have discovered a population of stem cells residing along vascular channels in bone that can generate new bone-forming cells. These perivascular cells may regulate bone formation and participate in bone mass maintenance.
A new study reveals unprecedented details of the bacterium Francisella tularensis' key membrane protein Flpp3, responsible for its virulence. The researchers used X-ray free electron laser technology to gather detailed structural information, which will help develop targeted drugs and effective vaccines against tularemia.
Researchers discovered that bacteria, specifically Bacillus subtilis, can sense the ratios of different bacterial groups in their environment. This ability allows them to adjust their behavior and make informed decisions about their surroundings.
A new study proposes climbing beans as an intensification solution to increase yield and meet Africa's growing demand for food. Climbing beans can adapt to Africa's future climates in several ways, including intensifying cultivation in high-producing areas.
Griselda Pollock, a world-leading figure in feminist and queer interventions in art history, has been awarded the Holberg Prize for her profound influence on the field. She will receive the award of NOK 6,000,000 at the University of Bergen, Norway.
A Hong Kong study found that applying best practices for infection control, including handwashing and wearing personal protective equipment, prevented healthcare worker infections during the COVID-19 outbreak. Researchers tested over 1,275 cases and treated 42 active confirmed cases without any hospital-acquired infections.
A new chip has been developed at TU Wien that can recognize certain objects within nanoseconds, leveraging artificial intelligence and a special material. The chip integrates the neural network with its AI directly into the image sensor, making object recognition faster by many orders of magnitude.
A new study found that reactivated HSV in trigeminal nerves of laboratory mice kills off at least a portion of sensory neurons. Antiviral drugs like acyclovir can prevent this outcome, suggesting a potential strategy for preventing neurodegeneration related to HSV reactivation.
Research suggests that middle-aged individuals who walk the most steps per day have a significantly lower risk of developing diabetes and high blood pressure. Women in particular see a substantial reduction in obesity risk, with the highest step count linked to a 61% lower likelihood.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 requires the protease TMPRSS2 to enter host cells, a target for therapeutic intervention. The drug camostat mesilate, approved for pancreatic inflammation, shows promise in blocking virus entry into lung cells.
A new light-activated coating has been developed that successfully kills bacteria in low-intensity ambient light, including <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> and <em>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</em>. The coating works by producing hydrogen peroxide, a mild reagent used in contact lens cleaner solutions.
A recent study by the University of Arizona Health Sciences found that Native Americans do not have inherently higher cigarette use rates, contrary to long-held stereotypes. After adjusting for income and education levels, white Americans were more likely to use cigarettes daily and be nicotine dependent.
Researchers found that social isolation is associated with increased inflammation in the body, particularly in males. Inflammation can lead to various health issues, including cardiovascular disease.
A team of FSU researchers has found that newly uncovered Arctic landscapes are feeding lakes and streams with rich carbon sources, which is then degraded by intense sunlight. This discovery sheds light on the carbon cycle and its impact on climate change and the types of life these environments may support.
The International Vaccine Institute (IVI) and Technical University of Denmark (DTU) are strengthening external quality assurance programs in Asia to address the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance. Quality-assured data is essential for developing tailored strategies to prevent the spread of drug-resistant infections.
A new study has found that music therapy sessions have a positive effect on the neurorehabilitation of acute stroke patients. The research, conducted at Anglia Ruskin University, showed that NMT helped improve mood regulation, concentration, and brain function through neural reorganisation.
A new genetic study reveals a complex US population structure, including fine-scale insights into recent history. The findings show diverse patterns among Hispanic/Latino and Asian American populations, shedding light on their ancestral origins and migration patterns.
Researchers from UNSW Sydney have successfully analyzed the complex structure of benzene in 126 dimensions, shedding light on its stability and interactions. The discovery reveals unexpected electron behavior, where up-spin double-bonded electrons interact with down-spin single-bonded electrons.
Researchers found that interferon triggers a cascade of inflammatory reactions leading to synapse loss and neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The study also suggests that blocking the IFN-triggered cascade could potentially reduce microglia activation and synapse loss.
Scientists at CNRS have discovered that triglycerides interact with certain neurons in the brain's reward circuit, reducing their excitability and strengthening reward-seeking behavior. The study also found a correlation between blood triglyceride levels and brain activity in response to food odors.
A new climate change model developed by Purdue University researchers projects a 10%-20% increase in electricity and 2%-5% increase in water demand in the Midwest due to global warming. The model considers multiple climate variables, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and large-scale phenomena like El Niño.
The ACM Transactions on Internet of Things (TIOT) journal chronicles the transformative development of the IoT. The journal covers a broad range of topics, including low-power wireless networking, embedded systems, data analytics, and security, with a strong emphasis on experimental validation.
A recent study by University of Arkansas researcher Darya Zabelina found that caffeine significantly improves convergent thinking, while having no impact on divergent thinking. Caffeine consumption did not affect working memory, but improved mood and reduced feelings of sadness in test subjects.
Scientists have developed a free computer program called HemoSYS to quantify structural and functional changes in tumor blood flow networks. The tool provides insights into cancer progression and metastasis, potentially accelerating the development of new therapies targeting tumor blood vessels.
Researchers found that pesticide-contaminated freshwater bodies support larger snail populations, which can increase the risk of schistosomiasis. The study suggests reducing pesticide use near waterways and improving sewage systems as key measures to mitigate the disease.
Researchers discovered a new function of neurofibromatin, directly repressing estrogen receptor-alpha expression and causing treatment resistance in ER+ breast cancer. A combination therapy of SERD and MEK inhibitor was shown to be effective in animal models and is being tested in clinical trials.
An international team of scientists has launched a comprehensive overview of all proteins expressed in the human brain, published in Science. The Brain Atlas resource offers medical researchers an unprecedented resource to deepen their understanding of neurobiology.
Researchers at Wyss Institute and collaborating institutions aim to develop biomaterials-based approaches to enable anti-cancer immuno-therapies. The center will focus on boosting tumor-specific activities of cytotoxic T cells using innovative biomaterials and DNA origami.
A study examines family views on eduCAT1x1 programme, finding parents feel unrest managing out-of-school laptop uses, which compete with academic activities. The research suggests the need to coordinate education reforms with family dynamics.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University and Weizmann Institute of Science developed a new sleep method that uses smell to strengthen memory retention in the brain. The technique, which administers a specific scent to one nostril, has shown promise in boosting memory consolidation during sleep.
Purdue University researcher Alexander Chubykin is working on developing new biomarkers to diagnose autism and schizophrenia. He believes understanding how the brain predicts future events can help individuals with these disorders better navigate their environments and manage sensory overload.
Researchers identified two genetically distinct 'urban' and 'rural' fox populations in Berlin, influenced by physical barriers and human activity levels. Foxes from the city population are bolder but prefer to avoid areas of high human activity, highlighting their risk management strategies.
Researchers at ETH Zurich create a five-metre long microwave quantum link, demonstrating the feasibility of quantum local networks. The breakthrough could enable the development of powerful quantum computers by connecting smaller devices in a cluster.