Changes in gut mucus may be contributing to bacterial imbalance and exacerbating symptoms of neurological diseases. Gut mucus plays a critical role in balancing good and bad bacteria in the gut.
Researchers create a new sorbent to extract hazardous radionuclides cesium (137Cs) and strontium (90Sr) from contaminated water. The sorbent can be used in both static and dynamic modes, with high filtration efficiency, and can be regenerated for up to five cycles.
A phase III clinical trial found that the addition of cediranib to olaparib and standard platinum-based chemotherapy did not improve progression-free survival outcomes, but showed similar activity in patients. The study suggests potential for non-platinum based alternatives in certain biomarker subgroups.
Researchers found that children with birth defects are more likely to develop certain types of cancer, including neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma, and are diagnosed earlier in life. The study compared data from nearly 14,000 children with cancer to those with cancer and one or more birth defects.
The NRG Oncology trial RTOG 1010 found that adding trastuzumab to neoadjuvant trimodality treatment did not improve disease-free survival for patients with HER2-positive local and locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma. The study also showed no significant differences in treatment-related toxicity between the two arms.
A University of Minnesota Medical School researcher used functional MRI to demonstrate differences in visual motion perception among individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Brain responses show less neural suppression in the visual cortex, which may explain symptoms like sensory hypersensitivity.
A new gallium oxide-based transistor can handle more than 8,000 volts, surpassing silicon and other mature technologies. This breakthrough could lead to smaller, more efficient electronic systems that improve the range of electric cars, locomotives, and airplanes.
A new method dubbed 'DEEP-Clear' allows researchers to visualize individual cells and their extensions in complex tissues like the brain. This approach enables scientists to capture 3D images of cells and tissues without sectioning, opening up new avenues for studying neural stem cell biology.
Researchers discovered that SAR11 bacteria host a unique virus with a two-pronged survival strategy, allowing it to thrive in the oceans. The virus can multiply and split, producing large numbers of free viruses, contributing to its survival.
A method to investigate healthcare data quality using a systematic approach has been developed by researchers at the University of Maryland Baltimore County. The software automatically detects data defects effectively and efficiently, reducing the prevalence of errors in some existing healthcare datasets.
A large international trial found that pembrolizumab more than doubled the progression-free survival time of patients with a specific subtype of advanced bowel cancer, compared to chemotherapy. The treatment also showed durable benefits, with 48.3% of patients experiencing no disease progression after two years.
A team of researchers generated a developmental map of the mouse inner ear's sound-sensing structure, providing insights into genetic programs that drive cell formation. The study sheds light on underlying causes of hearing loss linked to Ehlers-Danlos and Loeys-Dietz syndromes.
New study finds Paid Sick Leave mandates increase worker absences by 4.5 percentage points, particularly among women and low-wage industries
Researchers at Colorado State University used riboflavin and UV light to eliminate a large amount of SARS-CoV-2 virus from plasma and whole-blood products, demonstrating its feasibility as a pathogen reduction technology.
Researchers used statistical physics models to study biological complexity and found that organisms are restricted to a low level of dimensionality. This means that their essential building blocks appear to be linked to each other, with variations fitting a one-dimensional curve or low-dimensional surface regardless of the environment.
A nationwide EHR study found that patients treated with phenylephrine had a lower mortality rate (24.5%) compared to dopamine and norepinephrine, even in patients with acute comorbidities. The study suggests phenylephrine as the optimal treatment for nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.
A UTEP study found that active coping, denial, emotional support, humor, and religion are effective coping strategies for individuals with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aimed to understand how these individuals perceive the pandemic and how their coping mechanisms relate to their well-being.
Scientists at Bielefeld University have created a method to produce a biologically significant precursor of jasmonic acid, a hormone that helps plants defend against predators. The new approach mimics how plants naturally produce the hormone, using enzymes as plant catalysts in a synthetic process.
A new UC San Francisco study found that precise synchronization of high-frequency brain waves is crucial for learning to let go of old rules and make way for new updates. Disrupting these synchronized waves can lead to perseverative behaviors, a common symptom in schizophrenia.
A new study proposes that SARS-CoV-2's emergence was facilitated by genetic recombination among bat and pangolin coronaviruses. The virus' receptor binding motif was introduced through recombination with pangolin coronaviruses.
Researchers identify SARS-CoV-2's entry route into the central nervous system and report neurological complications of COVID-19 in a narrative review. Potential tissue targets are also identified for future research to understand the neuropathogenesis of coronaviruses.
Two University of Cincinnati students developed an interactive dashboard to track COVID-19 cases and deaths. The COVID-19 Watcher displays data from every county and metropolitan area, allowing users to compare their city's progression with others.
Kamesh Subbarao, a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Texas at Arlington, has been elected as a fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society. He is recognized for his contributions to robotic controls and navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles.
Researchers at George Mason University received $6,200 from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to develop science and technical requirements for the ORCAS mission. As part of the project, an undergraduate student will assist in exoplanet science case development.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 originated from a bat coronavirus and gained the ability to infect humans through exchanging a gene fragment with a pangolin coronavirus. The virus's genetic material was altered to bind to host cells, making it possible for it to infect human respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells.
Human activity significantly disrupts the natural balance of nitrogen, posing a threat to terrestrial and aquatic life. The special issue examines the cascading consequences of rising nitrogen levels in circulation.
A new test developed by researchers at the University of Birmingham uses complex sugars to detect prostate cancer earlier and with greater accuracy. The test identifies glycans in blood that are associated with different cancers, allowing for more precise diagnoses.
Physicist Ming Yi receives a prestigious $1.6 million grant to study correlated quantum materials, aiming to gain fundamental understanding of their electronic phases and control their behavior.
Researchers at Saarland University have developed a non-contact method to transform 3D-printed metal parts into precision-finished components with complex geometries and tight tolerances. The technique combines metal 3D printing and electrochemical machining to produce high-precision functional surfaces.
Tel Aviv University and IDC Herzliya researchers discovered a DNS vulnerability that could have enabled a massive DDoS attack, potentially disabling critical parts of the internet. The 'NXNSAttack' technique takes advantage of vulnerabilities in common DNS software to overwhelm servers with false requests.
The ESPRESSO spectrograph has confirmed the existence of Proxima b, a planet the size of Earth orbiting Proxima Centauri in just 11.2 days. The discovery reveals that Proxima b is located in its star's habitable zone and could potentially harbor life.
A new study reveals that global environmental changes are leading to a decrease in the age and stature of forests worldwide. Rising temperatures and carbon dioxide have been altering forest dynamics, causing increased stress and mortality among trees.
A case series of 30 pediatric patients with COVID-19 found that 77% had negative chest CT findings, while the subset with positive results showed common patterns such as bilateral ground-glass opacities and lower lobe predominance. Age correlated with increasing severity of findings.
Researchers used MRI to investigate blood flow to the placenta in healthy and pre-eclampsia pregnancies, identifying differences in blood flow and a new phenomenon called the 'uteroplacental pump'. This finding could help explain why babies born to mothers with pre-eclampsia are often small and premature.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant reduction in cardiac surgeries worldwide, with an average of 50-75% decrease in procedures. Hospitals are now working to resume operations while protecting patients and staff from SARS-CoV-2. Experts have developed recommendations for safely resuming cardiac surgery activity.
Researchers developed solid state and time-step VCD methods to study chirality amplification in supramolecular systems. These enhancements allowed detection of chiral gels, metal complexes, and molecular pairs on solid surfaces, opening a new horizon for VCD spectroscopy.
A phase 3 trial found that surgery and radiation after initial systemic therapy did not improve overall survival for women with stage IV breast cancer. The study suggests that these treatments should not be routine practice, instead focusing on proven therapies to prolong life.
Researchers found high frequencies of theropod bite marks on large-bodied sauropods, armored Mymoorapelta, and other dinosaurs at the Mygatt-Moore Quarry site. The data suggests an ecosystem where dinosaur remains lay out for months, providing a food source for multiple predators and scavengers.
A unique microscope, called DIVER, uses phasor approach to fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) to examine kidney tissue samples. The device can quickly analyze scarring in damaged kidneys, providing valuable insights for treatment decisions.
Researchers are developing the BAND framework to provide a publicly available set of computational tools for physicists, improving uncertainty quantification and predictive modeling in nuclear physics. The five-year grant will support regular software releases and workshops to train other scientists on using the tools.
Researchers identify ALK as a candidate gene for thinness by studying Estonian population cohort and finding it is involved in regulating energy expenditure and sympathetic tone. ALK deficient mice exhibit reduced fat mass and protected against diet-induced obesity.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati are developing a reusable face mask that can kill viruses caught on its surface using heat. The design features a thin, breathable film made from engineered carbon nanomaterials as a heatable filter retrofitted onto commercial masks.
A new Stanford Medicine study provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular effects of exercise, shedding light on how physical fitness is determined at a molecular level. The research reveals a strong correlation between specific molecules and an individual's aerobic fitness, paving the way for the development of a blood test tha...
A new study suggests that northern pintails are caught in an ecological trap, favoring cropland over scarce alternative nesting habitat, leading to nest failures and population decline. Climate change and drainage practices also contribute to their vulnerability.
The study profiles 14 subtypes of immune cells in 100 brain tumor samples and reveals five types that predominantly sculpt the brain TME. The researchers found distinct patterns of immune cell composition and function among different glioma subtypes, including low-grade and high-grade gliomas.
The study reveals strong genetic resemblance among Bronze Age Southern Levant populations, including a significant Caucasus/Zagros component and Chalcolithic Zagros ancestry. The movement of people from the northeast into the region started as early as 4,500 years ago and continued throughout the Bronze Age.
The Fast Loaded Dice Roller (FLDR) algorithm simulates the roll of loaded dice to produce random integers with the best combination of speed, accuracy, and low memory requirements. FLDR can use up to 10,000 times less memory storage space than existing methods.
A team from the University of Córdoba validates a solar-powered air heating system, which can cover 75% of heating demands on 75% of days. The system uses Unglazed Transpired Collectors to absorb heat generated by sunlight and preheat ventilation air.
Researchers found that changes in ocean temperature and krill abundance affect the whales' feeding grounds, with cooler waters providing nutrient-rich areas. Understanding these relationships can help reduce threats to New Zealand blue whales from climate change and human impacts.
A recent study by cardiologists at the University of Alberta found that combining a blood-thinning drug rivaroxaban with aspirin daily reduces major adverse events and mortality rates in patients with chronic coronary disease who have had an angioplasty. The treatment was found to be significantly better than aspirin alone in preventin...
Research suggests that if physical distancing measures are relaxed too much or too quickly, hospitals may be overwhelmed with COVID-19 patients and experience exponential growth in deaths. The study found that increasing contacts above 50% of pre-pandemic levels would lead to a spike in hospitalizations and deaths.
Researchers found that a single intense bike ride increases Ubiquitin tagging on worn-out proteins, leading to their degradation and removal. This process helps maintain muscle health and function by replacing damaged proteins with new ones.
Intensifying tropical cyclones strengthen ocean eddies feeding the Kuroshio Current, accelerating it and transferring more heat energy to mid- and high-latitude ocean waters. This phenomenon highlights a positive feedback loop between TCs and climate warming, potentially impacting future climate predictions.
A new study maps the potential for 'solar-wind-water' strategies in West Africa, finding that flexibly dispatched hydropower can increase renewable power generation by over 30%. Hydropower plants can support solar and wind energy, reducing CO2 emissions and environmental impact
Researchers found that up to 28% of students in Moscow chose a university below their academic ability, limiting life opportunities. The study highlights the impact of family background and parental influence on undermatching, with parents from lower socioeconomic status often advising less prestigious universities.
Researchers at the University of Barcelona discovered two marine molecules, meridianine and lignarenone B, that can alter GSK3B activity without causing neurotoxic effects. These compounds promote neuronal plasticity and may offer a promising starting point for developing new drugs against Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that cancer therapy can trigger the formation of large, aggressive cells with multiple chromosomes. A scientist is now developing a drug to prevent or treat these rogue cells, which can lead to cancer recurrence.
Researchers found a collective resonance in 11B that explains the mysterious β-delayed proton decay of the neutron halo ground state of 11Be. The resonance has features similar to a nearby proton emission channel, suggesting that it may be involved in a quasi-free decay process.
Researchers at RIKEN found that knocking out a single proton from a fluorine nucleus transforms it into a neutron-rich isotope of oxygen. This transformation has a significant effect on the state of the nucleus, defying conventional wisdom and sparking further investigation.
Archaeogenomic analysis reveals two influential genetic events and evidence of long-distance individual movement in Anatolia, Northern Levant, and the Southern Caucasus. Genetic mixing and individual mobility were key factors in the development of regional genetic melting pots and early state-level societies.