A team of scientists found that groups of living organisms that move through squirming exhibit distinct collective properties depending on their velocities and bottom-heaviness. These characteristics can lead to intriguing emergent behaviors, such as clusters forming at the bottom or top of a container.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have figured out how X and Y chromosomes pair up properly during meiosis. They discovered that a repeated sequence of DNA in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) attracts double-strand break-related proteins, leading to frequent DNA breaks in this region.
Researchers at UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found that combining toll-like receptor 9 agonists and NKTR-214 with PD-1 blockade can induce a potent immune reaction against resistant tumors. This combination therapy is being assessed in human clinical trials to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes.
A PNNL-led study found that environmental changes are transforming forests worldwide, leading to a dramatic decrease in tree age and stature. Rising temperatures, carbon dioxide, and increased disturbances like wildfire and drought are contributing to this trend.
High-resolution imaging of human placenta reveals uniform oxygenation levels and efficient blood flow, while also discovering rapid draining from veins and utero-placental pump contractions that facilitate better circulation and fetal growth. These findings improve placental models and optimize MRI protocols for better diagnosis.
Researchers found that stem cell treatment eliminates sun-damaged elastin network and replaces it with normal tissues and structures, even in deeper layers of skin. The treatment triggers cellular- and molecular-level pathways involved in skin repair and regeneration.
A three-year study of Westerlund 2, a massive young star cluster, reveals that the material surrounding stars near the centre is mysteriously devoid of dense clouds of dust. This is caused by the brightest stars eroding and dispersing the discs of gas and dust of neighbouring stars.
Research shows that neighborhood values are driven by unique local amenities, leading to self-reinforcing negative effects on low-valued areas. Direct investments in these neighborhoods can help spark development processes.
A $2.6M NIH award will examine how sex differences impact cognitive impairment and dementia, with a focus on the brain vascular system. The project aims to uncover personalized molecular targets for therapy and improve treatment of dementia.
A randomized phase 3 trial found no improvement in progression-free survival for carfilzomib compared to the standard treatment bortezomib. Carfilzomib was associated with higher very good partial response rates but more severe toxicities, including cardiac and renal issues.
A new study reveals that environmental groups are increasingly focused on advocating for climate change and environmental justice. The researchers found that more than 40% of the most powerful organizations prioritize these areas in their mission statements.
Researchers studied how hoverflies process visual information to control their flight movements, finding that descending neurons adapt like sensory neurons but also persistently fire like motor neurons. This unique integration of responses offers insights into the brain-behavior link in flies and potentially all vertebrates.
A new Oregon State University-led study reveals that the reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park has led to an increase in the height of willows in northern Yellowstone. The researchers found that a reduction in elk browsing over the last two decades allowed willows to grow taller, despite a warming and drying climate.
A team of scientists proposes a memristive neurohybrid chip to create compact biosensors and neuroprostheses with high adaptability. The system combines neural cellular and microfluidic technologies for real-time registration, processing, and stimulation of bioelectrical activity.
A study by Colorado State University researchers found that microgreens are acceptable to consumers, with high scores for appearance, flavor, and texture. The findings suggest that microgreens could become a key food source for preventing nutrient deficiencies and promoting global health and environmental sustainability.
Researchers propose a novel 'higher-order' Kuramoto model combining topology with dynamical systems to characterize synchronization in higher-order networks. The study found that higher-order synchronization occurs explosively, revealing how topology induces dramatic changes in dynamics at the onset of synchronization transition.
A new research-based framework helps companies balance economic and sustainability factors when producing biochemicals. The framework assesses the true sustainability of biochemicals by combining economic and environmental impacts into a monetary single score.
A Mount Sinai research team has identified the scaffolding protein histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) as essential for proper skin development and barrier formation. Mice lacking HDAC3 in the epidermis fail to develop a functional skin barrier, leading to dehydration and death shortly after birth.
A study by Duke University scientists found that native communities hundreds of kilometers away from gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon have high levels of mercury exposure, leading to intellectual deficits and IQ losses. Children with higher mercury levels in their hair showed cognitive effects, even at lower exposure levels.
Astronomers found that stars in the cluster's periphery have planet-forming dust clouds, while those near the center lack them. The observations suggest that location plays a crucial role in planet formation, and massive stars may alter disk properties, making it harder for planets to form.
Researchers investigated COVID-19 patients with recurrent positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results after hospital discharge. The study found these patients experienced prolonged viral persistence, indicating a need for extended monitoring and potential long-term treatment strategies.
JGU is welcoming renowned physicist Gilad Perez to Mainz to tackle the mystery of dark matter. His research aims to identify the nature of dark matter and develop innovative detection methods in the laboratory.
Researchers at POSTECH developed a variable color filter using metal-hydrogel-metal resonator structure and combined it with solar cells to create a self-powering humidity sensor. The sensor detects changes in surroundings by converting light's energy into electricity, making it suitable for use in IoT technology.
A study led by the University of Plymouth found that sea snakes' vision has been modifying genetically over millions of generations, enabling them to adapt to new environments. The research reveals that diving sea snakes share their adaptive properties with some fruit-eating primates.
Researchers used seismic data to calculate the maximum speed at which an ice sheet can retreat, revealing historic retreat rates that are almost ten times faster than those observed today. The study found that the ice sheets surrounding Antarctica's coastline retreated at speeds of up to 50 meters per day during regional deglaciation.
Researchers at MIT develop an automated tabletop machine that can synthesize hundreds of amino acids within hours, reducing the time required to generate synthetic proteins. This technology could speed up the manufacturing of on-demand therapies and enable scientists to design artificial proteins with superior biological function.
The gnomAD Consortium has published its first major studies of human genetic variation, revealing new insights into rare types of genetic variation. The research provides better tools for clinical geneticists to diagnose patients with rare genetic diseases and evaluate proposed drug targets.
Scientists found rare codons at the beginning of a sequence do not enhance translation, contrary to previous hypotheses. However, additional start codons and specific sequences like Shine-Dalgarno boxes are beneficial for efficient translation.
A study found that replenishing the SV2 protein can restore synaptic function and prevent cells from dying in a genetic form of ALS. This suggests that SV2 is a promising therapeutic target for slowing disease progression and prolonging muscle strength.
Researchers from SUTD developed a simple method to fabricate reproducible planar microstructures of polysiloxane without changing its properties. The new approach, embedded ink writing (EIW), enables direct patterning of polysiloxane on different soft and rigid substrates.
A Phase Ib/II trial found that adding idh1 inhibitor ivosidenib to either venetoclax or azacitidine resulted in a high complete remission rate of 78% overall, with 100% for treatment-naïve patients. The combination may ultimately lead to a new therapeutic regimen and tailored treatment options based on molecular profiles.
Researchers at UNH found that forest fires in the Arctic can significantly impact stream chemistry, altering nutrient levels and potentially harming humans who depend on these waterways. The study showed that aftereffects of a burn can last up to five decades, with decreased carbon and increased nitrogen affecting local streams.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have developed an adenovirus that specifically replicates in and kills cancer cells using RNA-stabilizing elements. The virus, AdARET, was found to be effective against a range of cancer types, including those without a mutated RAS gene.
Researchers have identified cannabis and frankincense on two Iron Age altars in a biblical Judahite shrine, shedding new light on cult practices. The study suggests cannabis was used as a psychoactive to stimulate ecstasy during ceremonies.
A new study found that patients with lower socioeconomic status and additional illnesses are less likely to be put on transplant waiting lists in the UK, despite universal healthcare. The study suggests that patient factors, such as age and health literacy, play a significant role in determining access to transplantation.
A study on DNA data from 110 skeletal remains in West Asia dated 3,000 to 7,500 years ago found evidence of long-term genetic mixing and subtle population movements. The researchers suggest that this gradual change in genetic profile spread across the region over a thousand years, influencing the rise of urbanism.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine found that CBD significantly reduces inflammatory molecules and immune cells associated with arthritis in dogs. The study showed that CBD treatment improved quality of life in 90% of the dogs, supporting future scientific evaluation of CBD for human arthritis.
A global survey of health professions schools reveals that 63% offer climate change education, with most commonly integrated into core courses. However, many schools face institutional challenges and limited resources in developing curricula.
Research by the University of Exeter suggests that climate change could lead to sudden changes in British vegetation, particularly in regions with warmer and wetter conditions. This increase in plant growth is expected due to factors such as CO2 fertilization, but soil drying out can also cause rapid decreases in vegetation productivity.
Oncologists are calling for more time spent on education about palliative care and discussing 'bad news' with patients. Research shows cancer doctors have limited coaching in this area, which can impact patient preferences for treatment or palliative care.
Researchers found an unexpected connection between electron imbalance in liver cells and many metabolic problems, including cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. The study identified a biomarker, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, to test for reductive stress and suggests LbNOX as a potential treatment.
Researchers analyzed long-term first bloom dates dataset using Bregman block average co-clustering algorithm with I-divergence, revealing spatio-temporal differentiation of spring phenology in China. The study identified three spatial patterns and five temporal categories, with most areas belonging to the stable state.
Scientists from GIST developed a novel peripheral serotonin antagonist, which showed promising results in obese mice with impaired liver function. The compound improved symptoms of fatty liver disease and reduced body fat. Researchers hope the drug candidate will offer relief to patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Researchers found tepary bean offers rapid forage yields with a higher leaf-to-stem ratio, outperforming guar and soybean. Tepary bean is suggested as an alternate to soybean for producers, but further research is needed on its management strategies.
A new report from the Institute for Scientific Information on Coffee suggests that coffee consumption may have beneficial effects on digestion, including reducing the risk of gallstone disease and pancreatitis. Moderate coffee consumption is also associated with improved gut motility and supporting beneficial gut bacteria.
A study by the University of Surrey and Australian partners highlights the importance of adequate ventilation in indoor environments to prevent airborne transmission of COVID-19. Improving building ventilation is proposed as a key strategy to reduce the risk of infection, particularly in areas with high population densities.
A new study published in the Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery found that ischemic stroke patients are arriving at hospitals and treatment centers an average of 160 minutes later during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to a similar timeframe in 2019. This delay has severe consequences, including impacting survival and recovery.
The National Academy of Engineering has received a $3 million gift from the Grainger Foundation to support its Frontiers of Engineering symposia. The program recognizes outstanding early-career engineers and facilitates interdisciplinary collaboration among engineering's next generation of leaders.
A multinational consortium reports that people with cancer have a higher risk of dying from COVID-19, particularly those with active cancer and impaired performance status. The study found no association between cancer treatments and 30-day mortality, suggesting that these therapies can continue during the pandemic with caution.
The new guidelines aim to improve stroke care by speeding up treatment and preventing the spread of COVID-19. The recommendations emphasize the use of telemedicine to connect patients with UVA stroke experts before arrival at the hospital.
A phase III clinical trial has shown that immunotherapy drug 'avelumab' significantly improves survival in patients with the most common type of bladder cancer. Treatment with avelumab resulted in a 31% reduction in risk of death and extended median survival by over seven months.
Scientists at the University of Tokyo have discovered a way to speed up chemical reactions involving amide bonds, which are key components of proteins. By applying a slight twist to their structure, they increased reaction rates by up to 14 times, potentially benefiting medical research and drug development.
Researchers at Cornell University used single-molecule tracking and protein quantitation to study the mechanism of bacteria's resistance to toxic metals, revealing a complex series of steps that lead to detoxification. The discovery could lead to the development of more effective antibacterial treatments.
Nanoscope Technologies has developed a novel, non-viral gene delivery approach using low-power near-infrared lasers to target the retina. The method sensitizes cells to ambient light, improving visual response and offering a unique therapy option for dry-AMD patients.
A recent study published in SSM - Population Health examined the impact of 18 major life events on wellbeing, including marriage, death of a loved one, and bankruptcy. The study found that some events had profound impacts on wellbeing, while others had little to no effect.
Researchers at the University of São Paulo's Engineering School have developed a low-cost mechanical ventilator that costs approximately 7% as much as conventional ventilators. The device has already been tested in animals and humans and shows promise in treating patients with acute respiratory syndrome, a severe outcome of COVID-19.
Argonne researchers created a new active material by self-organizing microscopic spinning particles into a lattice-like structure. The material exhibits interesting transport properties, allowing cargo particles to move through it quickly and efficiently.
Scientists at Columbia University developed a new method to analyze cell shapes in fruit fly embryos, revealing that tissues can behave like fluids during rapid changes. By combining experimental studies with theoretical modeling, the team found that anisotropy plays a crucial role in predicting tissue flow and elongation.
Researchers identified an enzyme, p38α kinase, as crucial for metastasis, which is the primary cause of cancer deaths. By blocking this enzyme using an inhibitor, they successfully reduced melanoma's spread to the lungs and prolonged survival time.
A new methodology for assessing the credibility of historical global land use/cover datasets has been proposed, addressing temporal and spatial changes. The approach evaluates accuracy, rationality, and likelihood assessments through five case studies, providing a framework for improving data quality.