Researchers found that somatostatin neurons, involved in emotional processing and addiction, are impacted by alcohol withdrawal. Targeting these neurons may be a viable candidate for treating depression related to alcohol withdrawal.
A recent study found that children's motor skills are positively associated with activity and attention span persistence. Participation in organised sports also supports motor skill development. Parents and educators should be aware of individual factors like temperament traits to encourage motor skill growth.
Researchers discovered that a brief ozone layer collapse led to the extinction of plant and freshwater aquatic life 360 million years ago. This finding has profound implications for our warming world today, as Earth's temperatures may reach comparable levels, potentially triggering a similar event.
Researchers found that people who believe depression is biologically caused tend to think it is more severe and long-lasting, but are also more optimistic about treatment. Those with a genetic or brain-related perspective on depression are less likely to hold negative attitudes towards individuals with the disorder.
Scientists develop method to preserve beneficial properties of polyphenols and flavonoids in cancer treatment, resulting in highly effective and low-toxicity therapies.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that e-cigarette users' mouths contain potent infection-causing organisms, similar to those found in people with periodontitis. The study suggests that vaping can lead to gum disease and cancer, even in healthy individuals who have not smoked. The findings challenge the claim that e-cigarettes...
Researchers identified WWP1 mutations as a genetic driver of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome-associated cancer. The study found that WWP1 variants lead to abnormal activation of the enzyme inhibiting PTEN function and contributing to cancer development, suggesting a new therapeutic target.
Dresden scientists have created a periodic surface structure that repels water and ice, while also removing dirt particles solely by rolling water drops. This technology has potential applications in the automotive, food, and home appliance industries.
A study by the Hubrecht Institute found that oviduct cells are more prone to develop into tumors than ovarian surface epithelium cells. This suggests a possible shift in treatment approach, with earlier removal of fallopian tubes considered as a preventive measure for high-risk patients.
The new LiDAR receiver technology boasts long-wavelength sensitivity and ultra-low noise, promising improved performance and eye safety. The invention enables higher-power operation within the 2-micrometer window, considered eye-safe for night-vision imaging applications.
A new study published in The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics found that phosphate buffered saline (PBS) can reliably transport COVID-19 samples to testing labs for up to 18 hours. This inexpensive and commonly available solution overcomes the shortage of virus transport media, enabling faster diagnosis and more widespread surveillance.
Researchers at Marshall University discover a sequence in Na/K-ATPase essential for stem cell differentiation and organogenesis. The study provides the first genetic evidence of this functionality, revealing a previously unrecognized common mechanism underlying animal embryonic development.
A study found that only 16% of commercially insured patients received timely follow-up care after an opioid overdose, with black patients being half as likely to receive treatment. The lack of care is attributed to barriers beyond insurance status and highlights the need for increased adoption of pathways to initiate buprenorphine in EDs.
Researchers developed a promising immunotherapy treatment for glioblastoma using CD133-targetting CAR-T therapy, which showed enhanced activity in preclinical models of human glioblastoma. The therapy was considered successful due to reduced tumor burden and improved survival rates.
A study used satellite images and machine learning to analyze forest fragment degradation and regeneration in the Atlantic Rainforest. Researchers found that certain tree species indicate forest regeneration, while others mark degraded areas.
Researchers found similarities between COVID-19 deaths and severe rheumatic illnesses, suggesting that treatments boosting immune-regulating NK cells may help. Regular exercise is also recommended to enhance NK cell activity in non-infected individuals.
Researchers have created iron-based and organic building blocks that connect to form tetrahedral cages, capturing certain PFAS. The traps bind to the outside of the cages instead of getting caught inside, providing insights into how they work.
A UCL brain imaging study found that highly confident individuals tend to ignore contradictory evidence, while less confident ones process it accurately. This phenomenon, known as confirmation bias, may be stronger in real-world scenarios where people are motivated to stand by their beliefs.
A hybrid sensor is being developed to detect diabetes from exhaled breath using nanoparticles loaded on 1D metal oxides. This innovative technology aims to provide a non-invasive, affordable, and rapid detection method for continuous diabetes monitoring, potentially reducing serious health problems and life-threatening side effects.
Numerical simulations suggest asteroids Ryugu and Bennu may have formed from the disruption of a single parent asteroid. Analysis of return samples will verify this by measuring their composition and determining their formation age.
New studies reveal that low noradrenaline activity during sleep allows us to block sensory responses, while high noradrenaline levels may lead to hyperarousal. Researchers also found that anesthesia disrupts communication between cortical regions, leading to loss of consciousness.
Researchers argue that deliberate infection can be done ethically and speed up vaccine development, with safeguards in place. The study provides guidance for regulators and researchers on maximizing benefits and minimizing risks.
Research reveals that cyclones can cause significant damage to coral reefs as far as 1000 kilometres away from their paths. The study found that Scott Reef lost 50% of its Porites corals and virtually all its Acropora coral species due to Cyclone Lua's high seas.
Researchers at CU Boulder have discovered a synthetic molecule that mimics natural antifreeze proteins, minimizing freeze-thaw damage and increasing the strength of concrete. This new method challenges conventional approaches and has the potential to reduce costs and decrease carbon emissions.
Researchers found evidence of continental growth starting as early as 4.4 billion years ago, indicating that tectonic plate movement began more than a billion years earlier than previously believed. This discovery challenges our understanding of Earth's geological history and suggests a complex process involving the recycling of crust.
A team of researchers found that dinosaur skulls from northern Alaska belong to the genus Edmontosaurus, not a newly proposed genus. The discovery suggests these plant-eating dinosaurs existed over a broad range, extending from northern Colorado to the Arctic.
Researchers have introduced polymer molecules that mimic nature's antifreeze proteins into concrete to prevent ice crystal growth. The new concrete mix has been shown to withstand 300 freeze-thaw cycles and maintain its strength, offering a potential solution to the damage caused by freezing and thawing.
A new study by the University of Córdoba and Trinity College Dublin finds that recovering energy from water distribution networks can save 12.8% of energy annually. This emerging technology uses pumps as turbines to generate electricity, reducing carbon footprint and financial burden on farmers.
A global study involving over 46,000 participants found that younger people report greater feelings of loneliness than older adults. The study also revealed cultural differences in loneliness levels, with individuals in collectivist societies experiencing lower levels of loneliness.
A special collection in SLAS Discovery highlights new screening tools and assays for ion channel drug discovery. The articles cover various techniques such as optical and automated patch clamp electrophysiology to identify new chemical matter for medically relevant membrane protein targets.
Researchers created a mouse model that produces human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2), the receptor SARS-CoV-2 binds to. The mice exhibited robust viral RNA replication in the lung and brain, as well as interstitial pneumonia. These features replicate those observed in COVID-19 patients.
A new study finds that e-cigarettes cause a proinflammatory response in the oral microbiome, coating commensal bacteria with slime and disrupting healthy colonization. The glycerol/glycol vehicle in e-cigarettes appears to drive these changes, according to researchers who analyzed bacterial genes in plaque samples from e-cigarette users.
Scientists have mapped proinsulin's vast network of interacting proteins, revealing a key player in proper folding and insulin production. Boosting PRDX4 levels may offer a novel therapeutic approach to improving type 2 diabetes treatment.
A novel technology that simulates human kidney functions could transform treatment options for those in the final stage of renal disease. The device, developed by University of Arkansas researchers, can filter blood and control chemistry using an electric field.
Scientists create vertical spin valves using 2D van der Waals materials, eliminating the need for a spacer layer. The devices exhibit low resistance-area products and low operating current densities, making them suitable for future spintronics applications.
Researchers discovered that superworms can degrade polystyrene plastic with the aid of a specific strain of bacteria in their gut. The bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce an enzyme called serine hydrolase that breaks down the plastic.
Researchers propose target trials to gather human drug exposure data for pregnant people, offering a basis for causal inference. Genomic data and organ-on-a-chip technologies will help validate results, making this a valid and ethical workflow for large-scale drug screening.
The Purdue team's testing showed that SOPHIA achieved significant benefit over default and static-optimized database configurations, with improved throughput across various workload types. The technology was tested on metagenomics, high-performance computing, and IoT workloads, demonstrating its versatility.
A study found that no-deductible preventive drugs reduced out-of-pocket costs by $612 per year, leading to a significant increase in medication use among low-income diabetes patients. The results showed that lower-income patients benefited the most from these policies.
Engineers produce high-impact multilayered coatings using chitin from shrimp, mushrooms, and other organisms, which can protect against bullets, lasers, toxic gas, and other dangers. The coatings aim to be biodegradable by design, reducing environmental impact.
A recent study on cruise ship passengers reveals that more than half tested positive for COVID-19, with only 19% displaying symptoms. This finding emphasizes the need for accurate global data on the prevalence of asymptomatic infections.
A collaboration between Otago University and ESR has received a grant to sequence all of New Zealand's positive COVID-19 cases. The team will create a web browser application to track the virus's evolution, epidemiology, and transmission chains in NZ.
A new study by Katie Welch and Marco Shappeck investigates the prevalence of 'LOL' in students' text messages, highlighting its potential applications in classroom learning. The research demonstrates how linguistic concepts can be effectively incorporated into courses that satisfy basic educational requirements.
A recent study found that delayed vaccinations and increased contact among young children, likely through 'measles parties', fueled the 2019 measles outbreak in NYC. Vaccination campaigns averted a huge spike in cases, but experts warn of potential future outbreaks as vaccination rates plummet.
A network of hospitals successfully implemented international cerebral palsy diagnosis guidelines, reducing the average age at diagnosis from 19.5 months to 9.5 months in just one year. The initiative involved five hospital systems and demonstrated the practicality and effectiveness of the guidelines for improving early interventions.
This case series from Wuhan, China describes the clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients. The study highlights key differences between the two groups, shedding light on the variability of COVID-19 presentation.
A health system implemented a three-pronged public health strategy to address the opioid epidemic, reducing opioid use by 19% and shortening duration of use. The strategy included primary prevention, safe prescribing guidelines, and access to treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.
Growing evidence suggests masks can prevent spread of COVID-19 via aerosols. Studies estimate up to 100,000 infectious aerosols can be generated in one minute of loud speaking.
A new study has found that neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in the blood can distinguish individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease at age 22, on average 22 years before their estimated age of cognitive impairment.
The National COVID Cohort Collaborative aims to turn coronavirus patient data into effective treatments and predictive tools. The secure database will enable diverse experts to analyze the data, identifying potential new drugs and treatments.
A new study suggests that operating with fewer traps and a shorter season in the US lobster fishery may be more profitable for fishermen while also protecting endangered North Atlantic right whales. The research found that Massachusetts fishers have caught more lobster since implementing a three-month fishing closure, while Maine's lob...
A new study found that training bystanders to intervene in domestic violence and abuse can significantly increase their confidence and likelihood of taking action. After receiving the training, 81% of participants reported being more likely to intervene, with this number rising to 89% four months later.
Researchers have identified two anti-inflammatory drugs that can inhibit the replication of the COVID-19 virus. The study used computational techniques to analyze 6,466 authorized drugs and predicted that Carprofen and Celecoxib could be effective in inhibiting the main protease enzyme responsible for the virus's replication.
Researchers developed a new spectroscopic nanoscopy technique that improves spatial imaging resolution and spectral precision. The approach enables full use of photons for both spatial and spectral analyses, leading to significant improvements in image quality.
A new study found that facial feminization surgery improves quality of life and provides a more feminine facial appearance in transgender women. The study, which analyzed 66 consecutive patients, showed median scores on a facial feminization score increasing from 47.2 to 80.6 at six months after surgery.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have developed a novel method for generating alkyl radicals under mild conditions using organoboron compounds and visible-light. The new protocol enables the generation of bulky tertiary alkyl radicals and unstable methyl radicals, which are useful carbon sources for chemical reactions.
A recent study reports a slight rise in hip fracture rates among long-stay residents in US nursing homes, with 36% of those who experience fractures dying within six months. The study suggests that underutilization of osteoporosis medications may be a contributing factor to the high rates.
A study found that nearly three-quarters of people with depression also suffered from anxiety, leading to a higher risk of long-term depression. The researchers highlight the need for integrated anxiety screening and culturally adapted therapies to address this complex combination of mental health issues.
A recent study found that public parks fulfill essential human needs, including social connection, self-determination, and community engagement. The use of parks is linked to improved overall well-being, making them a crucial component of sustainable development.
New research suggests nitric acid can boost particle growth in cold climates, forming particles even in highly polluted cities. This mechanism also affects the oxidation characteristics of organic compounds, potentially reducing aerosol formation and contributing to climate warming.