A new longitudinal study published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry found that children with autistic traits are more likely to develop eating disorder symptoms in adolescence. Autistic traits in childhood precede behaviors characteristic of eating disorders, suggesting a risk factor for developing eating disorders.
Researchers investigated the link between prenatal alcohol and tobacco smoking on newborn brain activity. The study found associations between these exposures and altered brain activity in infants.
Trained dogs can detect fire accelerants like gasoline in tiny quantities, making them more sensitive than conventional lab tests. The study provides a target for forensic labs when processing evidence flagged by detection dogs.
A scoping review of 405 studies reveals that AI research in primary care is at an early stage, with unique challenges to applying AI in a person-centric approach. To mature, value must be placed on developing rigorous AI and identifying impacts on care delivery and health outcomes.
Researchers found that immune receptor TLR4 suppresses neuronal activity in the normal brain to improve signal-to-noise ratio, while increasing excitability after injury. Inhibiting TLR4 signaling reduces long-term working memory deficits and improves memory function weeks to a month after brain injury.
Marine microbes, specifically thaumarchaea, play a crucial role in recycling carbon and phosphorus from marine algae. They fix approximately 3 moles of carbon for every 10 moles of ammonia oxidized, fixing roughly 3-fold higher rates than previously assumed.
A UCF team is exploring a novel approach to reduce COVID-19 transmission by making saliva heavier and stickier using candy or corn starch. The goal is to create a simple cough drop that can help sneeze and cough particles fall rather than float in the air, reducing transmission distance.
A study by University of Alberta scientists found that alpine butterflies with specialized diets are more vulnerable to climate change, while those with diverse diets are less likely to be affected. Climate change models suggest that fluctuations in food resources will have a significant impact on these butterfly populations.
A new literature analysis published in Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics provides a comprehensive review of evidence-based information for managing myopia. The paper discusses various safety and efficacy considerations for behavioral, optical, and pharmaceutical pathways, as well as potential future avenues for myopia management.
Flinders University researchers warn that social and community disruptions caused by COVID-19 restrictions may have a lasting effect on child wellbeing. The closure of playgrounds and schools has likely had significant impacts on children's opportunities for play and ability to exercise agency during this time of transition.
Primary care physicians can identify patients at risk of firearm suicide through improved health screening, and adding firearm safety questions to mental health screening can make it a more routine part of primary care. Physicians can also advocate for policy change and harness online momentum to influence the political discourse on fi...
Texas A&M researchers have developed a way to strengthen 3D printed parts by welding adjacent layers together using plasma science and carbon nanotube technology. The new technology increases the reliability of final parts, making them comparable to injection-molded parts.
A novel neural circuit has been discovered in rats that responds to the sound of silence, triggering defense responses. The study found that a specific combination of brain regions, including those involved in sound processing and emotional responses, are necessary for rats to freeze in response to silent danger.
A combination of fasting-mimicking diet and vitamin C has been found to delay tumor progression and even cause disease regression in multiple mouse models of colorectal cancer. The treatment works by regulating iron levels and molecular mechanisms involved in oxidative stress, making it a safer alternative to toxic treatments.
A research team at the University of California, Irvine has been awarded $3.8 million to investigate epigenomic changes in the brain caused by Alzheimer's disease. The team aims to identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early detection and treatment.
Researchers are developing a smartphone app to diagnose COVID-19 at home using acoustic sensing and AI techniques. The system measures changes in human airway mechanics, which are uniquely correlated to COVID-19 infection.
Researchers have discovered that patients with breast cancer develop alterations in monocytes, a type of leukocyte, early in the disease course. This finding paves the way for enhanced diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, potentially allowing for earlier identification of aggressive tumors and personalized immunotherapy strategies.
A recent article by Arman Grigoryan challenges the liberal notion that democracies prioritize democracy support. Grigoryan argues that the West's differing responses to Ukraine and Armenia's democratic movements reveal a pattern of supporting democracy when it aligns with material interests, but not when it conflicts with them.
Research by Newcastle University and the University of Nottingham found that dogs exhibit typical teenage behavior, such as ignoring commands and training difficulties, at around 8 months old. This behavior is more pronounced in dogs with insecure attachments to their owners.
Researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory created a new type of electronic component that surpasses the speed of 5G networks. The gallium nitride-based resonant tunneling diode displays record current outputs and switching speeds, enabling applications in millimeter-wave region and terahertz frequencies.
A new clinical trial will assess the effectiveness of adalimumab in preventing recurrence of uveitis and improving quality of life. The study aims to identify which patients with uveitis benefit most from this medication, both in terms of vision and treatment side effects.
A new study in mice reveals that a specific group of neurons in the brainstem control the direction of walking movements by applying the 'brake' to one side of the body. This discovery has significant implications for understanding motor disorders and could lead to new treatments.
Using convalescent plasma from recovered patients can provide instant, short-term fortification against COVID-19. This approach has shown effectiveness in previous pandemics and outbreaks of viral infections such as Ebola and SARS-CoV.
Researchers developed a deep-learning framework called Morpheus to perform pixel-level morphological classifications of objects in astronomical images. The tool can handle complex images and provide detailed classification results with confidence levels.
Researchers propose that incentivizing social media influencers could effectively promote social distancing behaviors amongst adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study suggests that peer-to-peer campaigns are more successful in changing attitudes than adult-led interventions.
Research finds that children and young adult burn survivors are more affected by staring, bullying, and uncomfortable questions than physical discomfort. The study suggests that burn units should incorporate supportive strategies to improve social interactions and overall quality of life.
The study reveals nearly 303 million existing cases of hip and knee osteoarthritis globally, with an estimated prevalence of 3754.2 per 100,000 people. Disability attributed to the condition has risen by nearly 10% since 1990.
A team of computational scientists, medicinal chemists, biochemists, and virologists have coalesced to rapidly identify drug-like molecules that inhibit SARS-CoV-19 replication. They are leveraging powerful supercomputers to screen millions of small molecules against all the major non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-19.
Adult skates have a specialized type of progenitor cell that creates new cartilage. Newly healed skate cartilage does not form scar tissue. This discovery may lead to better understanding of how to stop human stem-cell therapies from differentiating into bone, offering hope for cartilage repair therapy.
Scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys and Loma Linda University Health have demonstrated the promise of applying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the efficacy of using human neural stem cells to treat a brain injury. The researchers found that rats with larger penumbra areas surrounding brain injury, which received human neur...
Researchers found no clinically significant changes in metabolite levels after transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) treatment. The study's results support the understanding of tDCS as a safe treatment option, even when considering metabolic effects.
Researchers at HKU and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab have developed a new super D&P steel with an unprecedented strength-toughness combination, addressing safety-critical industrial challenges. The breakthrough results in a yield strength resistance of ~2GPa and superior fracture toughness of 102MPåm½.
Researchers investigate lopinavir and ritonavir's effectiveness for treating COVID-19, finding current dosing may be ineffective. Cytokine levels are reported in a patient with COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome, highlighting the potential role of cytokines in disease progression.
A recent study found that 3% of NHS hospital staff may be carrying the SARS-CoV-2 virus without realizing they are infected. This could lead to transmission to co-workers, family members, and patients. Regular testing for all staff is crucial to prevent infection spread.
A UCL study reveals that moths transport pollen from a wide range of plants, including those rarely visited by bees and butterflies, contributing to crop yields and plant diversity. Moth pollen transport networks are larger and more complex than daytime pollinators.
A new study using DNA metabarcoding reveals the dynamics of metacommunities in a threatened boreal wetland, detecting a broader range of biodiversity per sample compared to traditional methods. The study found that patterns of community assembly were nearly random, suggesting a strong role of randomness in the metacommunity.
A new study published in the Journal of Marketing finds that facial attractiveness plays a significant role in online sales, with hosts rated as attractive having a 6% higher annual occupancy rate than those with plain-looking faces. Meanwhile, unattractive hosts had a 4% higher occupancy rate on average compared to plain-looking hosts...
Researchers at Saarland University developed a personalized therapeutic concept that creates tailored implants to accommodate each individual fracture. This approach improves the fracture healing process by predicting precise load patterns and optimizing implant shape and structure.
The University of Guam has secured a five-year, $20 million grant from the National Science Foundation's EPSCoR program to enhance its research capabilities on coral reef survival. The project aims to understand the evolutionary and ecological processes that drive resilience in coral reefs under climate change stress.
Researchers will gather new data on pyrogenic carbon and investigate its behavior in tropical savannahs, including the impact of soil depth and fire frequency. The study aims to update models and provide better forecasts of carbon cycle dynamics, informing land management and climate change policies.
Researchers have developed hollow-core fibers that can preserve light's essential attributes over long distances, overcoming challenges in optical interferometric systems and sensors. The technology has the potential to enhance performance in applications such as gravitational wave sensing and inertial navigation.
Researchers have discovered that increasing levels of lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids can turn off inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2, a hallmark symptom of severe COVID-19 illness. This approach may be as important as antiviral therapies or vaccines in reducing associated organ damage and mortality.
Researchers found that silent transmission can enable the pathogen to infect greater numbers of people, but also has drawbacks such as reduced infectious particles. The study's findings inform public health control measures like quarantines and testing.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine are developing coronavirus vaccines using their years of experience in tropical diseases. They highlight experimental evidence showing the challenges and critical points for vaccine development, including the need for a robust antibody response and balanced cellular immunity.
Researchers discovered that cancer stem cells' ability to synthesise proteins is the essence of their pluripotency and contributes to unlimited tumour growth. By blocking this capacity, tumours can be halted in an irreversible manner.
Primary care clinicians perceive their role in caring for cancer survivors, but approaches vary widely. Researchers recommend coordinating care between primary care and oncologists to address complex needs.
Researchers propose a scheme to realize selective directional coupling of near-field longitudinal waves based on inherent geometric properties and symmetry analysis. The work enables the creation of Janus and Huygens sources, which selectively couple with one side or two sides of the near-field pattern, respectively.
Surgically treated patients fared better than those with functional bracing, showing faster recovery and improved outcomes one year after the injury. However, problems were observed in bracing-treated patients, including 30% requiring reoperation due to fracture union failure.
A new study by Queen Mary University of London has shown that distinguishing between male and female dinosaurs is challenging due to limited sexual dimorphism. Researchers analyzed skulls from gharials to identify sex differences, finding only the presence of a bony growth on snouts to be reliable.
A study published in Comunicar found that lower mother's education level and professional status correlate with increased mobile device consumption among children. The results suggest the economic gap influences screen time habits in young Spanish children.
Rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome have plateaued, with NAS per 1,000 live births stabilizing in 2016 after peaking in 2014. The study found significantly higher rates than 20 years ago, highlighting the need for continued action to improve outcomes.
Novotech was recognized for its expertise in Asia-Pacific and commitment to meeting customer needs. The CRO won awards in key categories including Compatibility, Capabilities, Quality, and Reliability.
Researchers found that prediction errors can be accessed during final processing stages of perception, contradicting previous theories. This means the brain simultaneously keeps track of past, current, and future image contents, allowing for stability and flexibility in rapid image sequences.
Researchers have introduced a new concept for designing photocatalytic systems with reversed configurations, which significantly improve light absorption, charge separation, and surface catalysis. This design concept can be extended to other systems and reactions to promote solar-to-chemical conversion.
A new study reveals evidence of human prehistory beneath the seas in places that were dry during the Last Glacial Maximum. The researchers found many unknown, transitory islands that would have acted like stepping stones luring travelers eastward across the Bering Strait.
A new wearable device aims to prevent SUDEP, a deadly complication of refractory epilepsy. The device monitors key biomarkers and sends alerts to caregivers when abnormalities are detected.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a new method to distribute bioactive molecules in three-dimensional space, allowing them to guide the growth of nerve fibers and other biological processes. This innovation has potential benefits for medicine, including improving recovery from neural injuries.
A large-scale study of Danish workers found that physically demanding jobs are associated with shorter working life expectancy, more sick leave, and unemployment. The research highlights the need to address physical work demands in relation to increasing statutory retirement ages.
Tropical Storm Vongfong is consolidating and organizing into a tropical cyclone, with higher cloud top temperatures indicating stronger storm conditions. The storm is expected to strengthen over the Philippines archipelago, bringing scattered to heavy rain showers and strong winds.
Satellite data and airborne measurements show that methane emissions from lakes in the Arctic have been overestimated, with most emissions coming from smaller thermokarst lakes in organic-rich sediments. The study also found that low-emitting large lakes play a crucial role in regional flux estimates.