Scientists at the University of Oxford have discovered a new way for T cells to attack cells infected by viruses or cancer. Supramolecular attack particles (SMAPs), released from cytotoxic T lymphocytes, can autonomously kill targeted cells, providing a complementary mechanism of cytotoxicity.
A new study published in Frontiers in Pediatrics finds that children with digestive tract symptoms, fever, and/or history of exposure to COVID-19 should be suspected of having coronavirus infection. The research also suggests an alternative route of infection through the digestive tract.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered that three Göbekli Tepe structures were initially planned as a single project, showcasing early use of geometric patterns and architectural planning. The site's complexity contradicts previous assumptions about hunter-gatherer capabilities.
A study published in the Journal of Dental Research found no association between community water fluoridation and an increased risk of osteosarcoma. The research, which analyzed data from over 500 patients, suggests that living in a fluoridated area is not a risk factor for osteosarcoma.
A new article proposes a systems approach, Classification-Coordination-Collaboration (3C), to promote the overall realization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The approach consists of classification, coordination, and collaboration, which interact with each other to achieve SDG goals.
The rotavirus vaccine has led to significant reductions in hospitalizations and child deaths due to severe diarrhea in Kiribati. The study found a 37% decrease in acute gastroenteritis inpatient admissions and a 44% decline in outpatient presentations among children under five.
A new study found that zebra finches' material preference for their first nest is shaped by their juvenile experience of the material, but only in the presence of an adult. Birds who had access to an adult or material during adolescence built their nests faster and preferred materials accordingly.
A new study has identified a crucial role for the protein RTEL1 in the survival of cancer cells, with potential implications for treating various types of cancer. Researchers found that RTEL1 prevents damaging clashes between DNA replication and transcription processes, and promotes a process called MiDAS, which is common in cancer cells.
The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened health inequities among vulnerable populations, with increased racial and ethnic biases impacting healthcare decisions. Remote diagnosis and care technology access also affects patient outcomes.
Melbourne researchers have identified a microscopic protein, RPL6, that can be added to a malaria vaccine for efficient protection. The combination offered complete protection against malaria in mice, building upon the 2016 discovery of T cells resident in the liver and the 'prime and trap' vaccination strategy.
Researchers at Duke University use plasmonics to boost fluorescence in diagnostics, increasing test brightness by over 150 times. The approach could make point-of-care diagnostics more widespread and affordable.
A recent study from Turkey found that women experienced increased sexual desire and intercourse frequency during the pandemic, but lower overall satisfaction. Menstrual disorders became more common and sexual function scores decreased compared to pre-pandemic periods.
The study found that CPC practices significantly increased their staffing with care managers and behavioral health staff, while non-CPC practices remained relatively unchanged. The authors suggest further research on the impact of team-based care and staff composition on healthcare costs and patient experience.
A new study by Syracuse University researchers links repetitive head impacts in NFL players to an increased risk of premature death. The study found that cumulative head impact index scores were associated with all-cause mortality among NFL players.
A new machine learning tool can calculate the energy required to assemble or pull apart a molecule with higher accuracy than conventional methods. The team's innovations made calculating a basic molecule's electronic structure simpler and faster.
A new study suggests that machine learning and AI in medical image reconstruction algorithms can result in myriad artefacts and major errors, leading to false positives and false negatives. The effects were typically not present in non-AI based imaging techniques.
A team of researchers from Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center adapted their lab to test patient samples for SARS-CoV-2 with a 'home-brew' assay, achieving over 3,000 tests with under 24-hour turnaround time. The test's flexibility and scalability make it an essential tool in the fight against COVID-19.
Researchers successfully demonstrated the feasibility of quantum key distribution systems to enhance cybersecurity and extend range, ensuring compatibility across different vendors. This technology provides a secure solution for utilities without administrative headaches, simplifying operations.
Research by Marta Moita and her team found that social animals acquire fear of freezing through auto-conditioning, which requires both pain and immobility. The team discovered a neural map in the brain's fear-learning center and auditory system that underlies this learning mechanism.
A new study by the University of Bonn reveals that platelets exacerbate immune responses by activating inflammasomes and increasing IL-1 production. This finding has significant implications for treating autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism and diabetes.
Scientists at Imperial College London used gene drive technology to create an all-male population of malaria-carrying mosquitoes, leading to a total collapse in the population. The modified mosquitoes produce more male offspring, causing females to be born and eventually leading to no females being present.
A study of nearly 200,000 Medicare patients found that starting pulmonary rehabilitation within 90 days of COPD hospitalization significantly improves one-year survival. Pulmonary rehabilitation combines exercise training and self-management education.
Research at NYU Langone Health found a link between elevated blood levels of toxic chemicals and an increased risk for celiac disease in young people. Young females were eight times more likely to become gluten intolerant, while males were twice as likely with fire-retardant exposure.
Researchers at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School have discovered a connection between tropical weather events and US rainfall during El Niño years. The study's findings show that when both an El Niño Southern Oscillation and Madden-Julian Oscillation occur simultaneously, the resulting pressure and rainfall anomalies in the US ...
A study found that ants use cooperative transport to overcome navigational challenges, demonstrating the potential advantages of group living and collective cognition in making certain environments habitable. The team discovered that non-carrying ants played a crucial role in guiding the group and extending their sensing range.
Virtual rounds and intercom communication systems enable compassionate and reassuring encounters while preserving PPE, reducing exposure time, and delivering exceptional care during mass contagion. The COVID-19 pandemic may transform outdated healthcare delivery methods and reveal new ways to use virtual care to improve patient health.
Researchers found strikingly high oxygen levels 2 billion years ago in ancient Russian rocks, contradicting previous models of Earth's carbon and oxygen cycles. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of complex life and suggests suitable conditions for eukaryotes to thrive earlier than thought.
The Department of Defense has awarded $10M to Sanford Burnham Prebys to develop broad-spectrum antivirals that can combat multiple respiratory viruses. The research aims to provide safe and effective therapies for U.S. military forces and the nation, reducing secondary infections and spread.
A new lung cancer screening cohort study demonstrates low adverse event rates and detects 70% of diagnosed cases at early stages. Family medicine plays a critical role in expanding lung cancer screenings to underserved populations.
A study using mouse models of Alzheimer's disease found that high calcium levels in mitochondria are associated with plaque deposition and neuronal death. Researchers propose targeting calcium entry to the mitochondria as a promising new therapeutic approach.
A study warns that water frog populations in Turkey's Ceyhan and Seyhan deltas are declining by 20% annually, threatening regional extinction by 2050. The authors recommend banning wild frog harvesting and encouraging sustainable frog farming to alleviate pressure on wild populations.
A risk score for COVID-19 patients was developed to predict critical illness risk. The score is based on patient characteristics at hospital admission and may aid in identifying high-risk patients.
PML bodies are found to physically restrict access to DNA methylation enzymes, suppressing gene activation. The study sheds light on a new role of PML bodies in regulating gene expression by manipulating 3D nuclear organization.
A new study by Meredith G. F. Worthen and Trenton M. Haltom investigates the relationship between leather identity and attitudes toward women, revealing a robust connection among hetero-leathermen. The findings highlight the importance of considering how leather identity shapes misogyny among men.
A team of researchers from the University of Seville and international partners successfully filmed quantic measurement for the first time. The experiment confirmed a subtle prediction in quantum physics, showing that the quantum state changes gradually during measurement rather than instantaneously.
Researchers at Duke University have devised a low-cost method for passively locating sources of radio waves, such as Wi-Fi and cellular communication signals. The technique uses metamaterials to create a coded aperture that boosts signal strength and allows for the characterization of radio wave frequencies.
A new study reveals that Alaska's rainforest fjords have an incredibly high concentration of lichen diversity, with over 1300 species found in the region. The research team, led by Toby Spribille, identified more than 900 species of lichen, including 27 previously unseen species.
A recent study found that genetic variations in estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) may be linked to clinically significant weight gain when using the etonogestrel contraceptive implant. Women with two copies of a specific variant on average gained over 30 pounds more while using the implant compared to others.
Researchers have discovered heteroligand complexes of copper with malonic or adipic acid dihydrazides and L-histidine, showcasing trans-influence. The study suggests that these complexes can serve as models for biological systems and potentially be used to enhance the biologically active properties of organic substances.
Scientists from Peking University and National Institute for Materials Science create anisotropic fluoride nanocrystals using facet-specific passivation. The approach enables controlled growth of fluorides with complex functionalities and promising applications in flexible antiferromagnetic devices and sensors.
A new tool using machine-learning technology distinguishes the cause of different types of blood clots based on subtle differences in their shape. The intelligent platelet aggregate classifier (iPAC) can help physicians diagnose and select treatments for patients with specific clot types.
A simulated patient study in Northern California found that counties with limited new patient primary care appointments had higher rates of Medi-Cal patients' emergency room usage. Adequate access to primary care is crucial for improving health outcomes and controlling costs among Medicaid expansion beneficiaries.
DNA scientists have found genetic traces of species like the Brazilian cownose ray and Gulf kingfish in New Jersey's Barnegat Inlet, defying predicted migration patterns. The study used a harmless and economical method to monitor marine life movements, diversity, distribution, and abundance.
Four critically ill COVID-19 patients improved significantly after receiving the experimental therapeutic CAP-1002, which contains cardiosphere-derived cells. The treatment helped reduce inflammation and showed no adverse effects, with all patients discharged from the hospital.
The new method transforms electrospun nanofibers into complex 3D shapes with controlled pore sizes, allowing cells to seed and penetrate, and exhibits superelasticity and shape recovery. The technique has significant potential for applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and tissue modeling.
This review article discusses the features of challenging cold tumors and potential approaches to transform them into hot tumors, which are more responsive to immunotherapy. The authors summarize current strategies for enhancing T cell trafficking and discuss the limitations of existing immunotherapeutic approaches.
Researchers developed a single factor, 'p', combining different measures of psychiatric outcomes, which predicts patient prognosis and need for extra support. A high 'p' value is linked to adverse outcomes, such as suicide risk, criminality, or drug abuse.
Researchers at Waseda University have successfully developed a method for the total synthesis of cotylenin A, a plant growth regulator with promising bioactivity as an anti-cancer agent. The new method allows for the production of a stable and effective anticancer drug without the side effects associated with traditional treatments.
Researchers analyzed CDC data from 1999 to 2017 to compare changes in cardiovascular death rates in urban vs rural US areas. The study found significant disparities in mortality rates by age, sex, and race/ethnicity between the two regions.
Researchers confirm that the Earth's inner core is rotating, contradicting previous studies suggesting it was stationary. The new evidence comes from analyzing seismic data from repeating earthquakes and precise arrival time analysis.
A realist synthesis investigated how case management in primary care affects frequent users of healthcare services with chronic conditions. The study found that case management is an effective way to integrate all aspects of care, improving patient outcomes.
The article highlights Singapore's successful COVID-19 containment response in primary care, featuring triage, containment, and infection control measures. Additionally, it explores the benefits of routine lung cancer screenings and discusses the increasing use of artificial intelligence in primary care to improve diagnostic accuracy.
A researcher at Penn State is testing the efficacy of common disinfectants against viruses. The study aims to determine the optimal contact time for sanitizing surfaces to reduce the spread of COVID-19.
Scientists at the National MagLab used a powerful magnet to detect oxygen signals in proteins, revealing that water wires play a more significant role in cellular function than previously thought. This discovery has widespread ramifications for understanding how proteins interact with each other.
A new type of specially designed footwear has been shown to significantly reduce the pain associated with knee osteoarthritis. The biomechanical footwear was found to be effective in reducing pain scores, and may also have potential benefits for people with hip or back pain.
Researchers from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid analyze the physical behavior of hydrogen flames, revealing they can propagate in extremely narrow gaps and form fractal patterns. This unexpected behavior has significant implications for designing safe hydrogen storage systems and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
A study found that consuming a single meal rich in saturated fat negatively affects concentration and attention, even when compared to a similar meal made with unsaturated fat. Participants with leaky gut syndrome also showed reduced focus after eating the high-fat meal.
A randomized controlled trial found that intra-articular hypertonic dextrose injections significantly reduced knee pain in patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis. The study, conducted at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, involved 76 patients who received either the hypertonic dextrose or normal saline injection therapy.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that experiencing acute stress can dampen amplification of risk perception, while feeling stressed may contribute to overestimating risks. This has significant implications for public health efforts during global crises.
A multi-disciplinary team is studying how COVID-19 spreads and mutates in the environment, aiming to inform public health agencies and predict transmission risk. Citizen scientists can participate by collecting environmental samples and uploading data.