An international team has discovered an effective method for controlling the frequency of confined light at the nanoscale in phonon polaritons. By intercalating alkaline and alkaline earth atoms in van der Waals materials, researchers can extend the range of working frequencies, enabling broader technological applications.
The Cassini spacecraft captured high-resolution images of Saturn's Hexagon, revealing a multilayered haze system with particles as small as 1 micron. The team discovered that the hazes are organized by gravity waves and may be responsible for the hexagon's formation.
The NIH is enrolling hospitalized adults with COVID-19 in a trial testing the safety and efficacy of remdesivir plus anti-inflammatory drug baricitinib. Patients who received remdesivir had a statistically significant shorter time to recovery compared to those on placebo.
A new 15-minute antigen test for COVID-19 has shown high accuracy in detecting infected patients, potentially helping to identify new outbreak foci and implement quarantine measures. The test could also help screen healthcare workers and populations in low-income countries where molecular assays are limited.
Researchers have found that the new radiotracer 18F-PSMA-1007 offers advantages over established agent 68Ga-PSMA-11 in staging prostate cancer. The study showed near-equal performance between the two tracers, with 18F-PSMA-1007 detecting additional lesions in four patients.
Researchers found that RNAi machinery primarily localizes at apical adherens junctions in healthy colon cells but becomes mis-localized in colon cancer. This localization plays a crucial role in maintaining epithelial homeostasis, with restoration of the RNAi machinery potentially serving as a brake on tumor progression.
The University of Queensland's new Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) guidelines aim to personalise antibiotic treatment for critically ill patients in ICU. By using advanced software to predict accurate drug dosages, the guidelines have shown promise in reducing adverse outcomes and improving patient response.
A new study found that an individualized mosaic of microbial strains is transmitted from the maternal gut to the infant gut during birth, influencing the infant's metabolic disease susceptibility. Researchers used a 'fingerprint' method to track mothers' microbial strains inherited by infants.
A new method uses CAR-T therapy to eliminate leukemia stem cells and blood stem cells selectively, sparing mature blood cells and other tissues. The treatment is achieved through genetic modification of immune cells, which then target and destroy only the leukemic stem cells.
Scientists at Columbia's Zuckerman Institute mapped the brain's complex calculations to link distinct events separated in time, shedding light on anxiety and trauma-related disorders. The hippocampus uses bursts of activity to form associations, saving energy by encoding information in synapses rather than constant electrical activity.
A study in mice suggests gene therapy can build significant muscle mass quickly and reduce the severity of osteoarthritis, even without exercise. The therapy also prevented obesity and improved cardiovascular health.
Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory used computer vision and X-ray tomography data to understand how nickel-manganese-cobalt cathodes degrade over time. They found that particles detaching from the carbon matrix contribute significantly to battery decline, contradicting previous assumptions about making smaller particle...
Menkes disease is a rare genetic disorder caused by a copper deficiency, leading to severe brain damage and neuromuscular deficits. Researchers from Texas A¼M have found promising results using the cancer drug elesclomol to deliver copper to tissues and restore energy production.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science have discovered a molecular 'alarm' system in plants that protects them from predators. The study identified two novel receptor-like kinases, GmHAK1 and GmHAK2, which trigger defense responses in soybean leaves when exposed to oral secretions from the cotton leaf worm.
A study led by Nanyang Technological University warns that global sea-level rise could exceed 1 meter by 2100 and 5 meters by 2300 if emission targets are not met. The study, which surveyed over 100 climate experts, found stark differences in sea-level projections for low versus high emissions.
The human brain balances complexity and accuracy when processing patterns, with errors playing a crucial role in learning and cognition. The new model suggests that the brain constantly strives to represent things in simple terms, with participants showing quicker responses to sequences generated by modular networks.
Research by University of Delaware reveals that hiring and retaining effective principals and teachers leads to significant gains in student achievement. Effective teacher retention strategies, such as financial incentives, were found to be persistently effective in reform efforts.
Osaka University researchers have generated immortalized human eccrine sweat gland myoepithelial cells (iEM cells), which can be cultured for over ten generations. This achievement has the potential to develop next-generation antiperspirants and promote research on sweat dysfunction and regeneration.
Researchers developed a post-processing algorithm to increase the quality of reconstructed CT images while reducing noise and radiation exposure. The new method enhances tissue discrimination by 60%, enabling better decision-making for further treatments.
Researchers used data science and machine learning to forecast urbanization patterns, predicting a 1.8-5.9-fold increase in urban areas by 2100. Global simulations show countries transitioning from rapidly to steadily to urbanized over time, with varying impacts on environment and society.
Researchers found that surface runoff alters microbial communities in cave pools, with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria replaced by human contaminants during heavy rains. The study highlights the impact of surface pollution on groundwater sources and cave ecosystems.
Researchers emphasize the need to balance individual patient treatment decisions with well-designed clinical trials to test the efficacy and safety of repurposed drugs like hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and remdesivir. Controlled, randomized trials are crucial to justify larger-scale trials during future disease peaks.
A study by North Dakota State University and HSE University found a positive correlation between Russian's latent dissent at work and emotional burnout. Employees often express dissent through venting to co-workers or friends rather than management, leading to burnout and work-life imbalance.
Researchers investigated hydrogen's role in nickelate superconductors, explaining experimental difficulties in synthesizing superconducting nickelates. Hydrogen incorporation changes material electronic properties.
Researchers identify thousands of previously rare bouts of extreme heat and humidity worldwide, particularly in the US Gulf Coast region. The study found that these conditions are already appearing, with outbreaks increasing in frequency and intensity, surpassing human survivability limits.
A new University of Stirling study investigates the health impacts of COVID-19 on people who use drugs in Scotland, exploring how social distancing affects their purchasing and using behaviors. The research aims to inform pragmatic risk reduction messages for this vulnerable group.
A study led by Dr. Karl Hansen aims to investigate the health risks associated with two types of frozen embryo transfers used in IVF, one with a natural cycle and the other with artificially stimulated cycles. The research hopes to identify which protocol carries a lower risk of pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia.
A new study from UC Davis shows that Neandertals selected bones from specific animals to create a lissoir, a tool used to work hides into leather. The analysis of collagen protein residues using ZooMS revealed a preference for bovine ribs over deer bones, suggesting deliberate tool choice.
Researchers developed an optical brain-to-brain interface that supports fast and accurate information transmission for locomotion control. The interface uses fiber photometry to record population Ca2+ signals from identified neurons, achieving a three-fold increase in information transfer rates compared to previous BtBIs.
Women have a good chance of having a second child with IVF, according to new study. The chances of a second ART baby decrease with maternal age, but successful pregnancies are more likely if treatment is continued and frozen embryos are used.
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed major deficiencies in the US healthcare system, highlighting the need for improved health maintenance and emergency preparedness. The article argues that public health systems are underfunded and understaffed, leading to inadequate responses to slow-moving mass casualty incidents like COVID-19.
The new book Twitter - A Biography explores the journey of Twitter from its inception to its current status as a global platform for news, political messages, and crisis communication. Professors Jean Burgess and Nancy Baym argue that Twitter's original social value has been lost amidst noise of antagonistic debate and self-promotion.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics have successfully measured infinitesimal changes in mass of individual atoms for the first time, opening a new world for precision physics. The team discovered a previously unobserved quantum state in rhenium, which could be interesting for future atomic clocks.
CHI studies could accelerate vaccine development, but raise significant ethical concerns due to risks and potential harm to participants. An expert framework outlines conditions under which such studies would be ethically acceptable.
A new 3D atlas of the mouse brain provides cellular-level detail, identifying previously unseen structures and nerve fibers. The Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework (CCFv3) is an average of serial images from 1,675 mice, allowing for comparison and integration of diverse data types.
A world-first study led by Monash University demonstrates significant benefits to premature babies' heart and brain function when held by parents in skin-to-skin contact. One hour a day of kangaroo care significantly improved blood flow to the brain and cardiac function, compared to measurements done while in the incubator.
This review highlights Kedrostis foetidissima's phytoconstituents with medicinal properties like antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The plant's nutritional potential and therapeutic effects are attributed to its unique phytochemical composition.
A small observational study of 29 Italian patients with severe COVID-19 and hyperinflammation found that high-dose intravenous anakinra was associated with respiratory improvements and reduced signs of cytokine storm in 72% of patients. The treatment was generally safe, but more research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness.
Researchers have created a new tool for quantum technologies by coupling atoms with nanomechanical membranes using laser light. The technique enables strong interactions between quantum systems over longer distances, opening up possibilities for quantum networks and simulations.
A team of engineers has created hardware that can learn skills using a type of AI that currently runs on software platforms. The hardware, made of a quantum material, is capable of learning numbers and demonstrates artificial tree-like memory at room temperature.
New research reveals that certain internal clock neurons in fruit flies, previously thought to send time-keeping cues to the brain, actually receive cues from the external environment. This finding has significant implications for understanding circadian rhythm disruptions and their associated health problems.
Researchers analyzed data from 27,334 individuals across 12 European countries to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status, education, and diet. The study found that higher educational status was associated with improved nutritional intake, particularly iron and total folate. This highlights the need for targeted policies ...
Dione will collect energy input and ionospheric-thermospheric data, providing insights into atmospheric drag and improving space weather forecasts. The mission complements the Geospace Dynamics Constellation and marks a new era for CubeSats in gathering similar data.
Scientists discovered a new phenomenon allowing for three-dimensional RI modification in transparent materials, enabling the fabrication of compact photonic devices. The technology has potential to significantly miniaturize 3D photonics circuits, increasing optical quantum computer capacity.
A recent study published in Risk Analysis suggests that breathing and talking may contribute to the spread of COVID-19 through the release of aerosol particles. These particles can remain airborne for extended periods, allowing them to travel significant distances and potentially infect others.
A nationwide study reveals that only 2% of hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder receive life-saving medications during and after discharge. This finding highlights a critical gap in care, as evidence-based treatment is rarely prescribed in US hospitals.
A team of researchers argues that repurposing existing medicines for COVID-19 treatment could be a rapid alternative to vaccine development. The focus is on targeting key proteins on cell surfaces, such as ACE2 and TMPRSS2, with approved or clinical trial drugs like remdesivir.
Experts recommend prioritizing surgical treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes or severe obesity due to the risk of complications from their disease and COVID-19. Bariatric and metabolic surgery can lead to significant weight loss, reduced cardiovascular risk, and improved survival.
A recent study by IIASA researchers found that there is an 85% probability of a new recession occurring before 2020, with the likelihood even higher before the Coronavirus crisis. The study developed a diagnostic model to estimate the duration of expansion periods and the onset of the next recession.
A new meta-analysis by Jeffrey Newport found no association between prenatal antidepressant use and autism in children, despite previous studies suggesting a potential link. Limited access to healthcare among ethnic minority and immigrant mothers was identified as the root cause of bias, leading to inaccurate study results.
Researchers have found that stem cells in planarians can postpone their own death to respond to an injury, allowing them to gather around the site of the wound and mount a response. This unique ability has implications for cancer research and therapies, particularly when examining chemotherapy and surgery options.
Researchers found that marketing mix elements mitigate sacrifice, engaging individuals in donation tasks and increasing likelihood of continued giving. Nonprofit organizations can address various types of sacrifice using product, place, price, promotion, people, and process components.
A new measuring method called Higgs spectroscopy helps understand the dynamics of paired electrons in superconductors, revealing typical precursors of superconductivity even above the critical temperature. The technique uses a multi-cyclic terahertz pulse to excite Higgs oscillations and measure them precisely.
Researchers discovered that controlling laser power can mitigate spatter issues in L-PBF printing, reducing the formation of defects and deformations. This breakthrough could lead to more reliable and high-quality prints, revolutionizing manufacturing in advanced fields.
Providing contraception to adolescents and young adults during the pandemic is crucial for their reproductive health. The authors emphasize that access to reproductive healthcare during this time is essential for young people's overall well-being.
A new study found that middle-aged adults reported more daily stress and lower well-being in the 2010s compared to the 1990s. The researchers attribute this increase to the added responsibilities of childcare, eldercare, and work, as well as the pace of technological advances.
A new study reveals that everyday hygiene practices, such as hand-washing, can reduce the risk of common infections by up to 50% and the need for antibiotics by up to 30%. This could help prevent hundreds of thousands of deaths from antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally each year.
University of Stirling-led projects aim to reduce risk of infection among informal carers and support workers. The apps will provide peer support, learning resources, and minimize feelings of isolation.
A new study has found an association between low average levels of vitamin D and high numbers of COVID-19 cases and mortality rates across 20 European countries. Vitamin D modulates the response of white blood cells, preventing excessive inflammatory cytokine release, which is a key factor in COVID-19 severity.
Researchers propose using recovered individuals as a shield to reduce transmission rates and support expanded economic activity. Modeling suggests that such an approach could cut deaths from 71,000 to 20,000 in worst-case scenarios.