Research at Brothers submarine arc volcano reveals distinct microbial communities shaped by magmatic gases and hydrothermal fluids, highlighting the complexity of subsurface geology in forming high biodiversity. Over 90 new bacterial and archaeal families are discovered, providing insights into life's evolution on Earth.
A new study by MIT neuroscientists demonstrates that neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex project connections into an evolutionarily older region called the superior colliculus, overriding its basic commands for reflexive movement. The research shows how inhibitory control from the ACC modulates the SC's response to facilitate exec...
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that preschool children struggle to recognize scenes when asked to remember only the scene, but can easily distinguish between objects. This bias towards object-focused attention may be linked to early infant development and language acquisition.
A nationwide effort aims to increase COVID-19 testing in Louisiana's Black communities, which have been disproportionately affected by the virus. The project seeks community-driven approaches to reduce testing barriers and improve access to tests.
A new study by Queensland University of Technology found that esports players are up to 21% healthier than the general population, with many engaging in over an hour of physical exercise per day. The research also showed that top esports players were significantly more physically active and less likely to smoke or drink daily.
Climate change has led to an eight-fold increase in the annual area burned by high severity fires across western US forests from 1985-2017. This trend poses significant risks to forest ecosystems and human safety, as severe fires can lead to long-term forest loss.
A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that potentially harmful use within the Tor system clusters disproportionately in liberal democratic regimes. Only 6.7% of users globally employ Tor for malicious purposes on an average day, with most users using it for benign web content.
New research from Lehigh University explores the link between drought, food insecurity, and HIV among women in less-developed countries. The study finds that drought escalates food insecurity, leading to reduced access to education, healthcare, and autonomy, ultimately increasing the percentage of HIV cases among women.
Recently, N-heterocyclic phosphines have emerged as a new group of promising catalysts for metal-free reductions. Their excellent hydricity rivals or exceeds that of many metal-based hydrides, making them suitable alternatives for reducing unsaturated compounds.
A new study suggests that the climate in inner East Asia has reached a tipping point, where recent hot and dry summers may be irreversible. The study used tree rings to reconstruct changes in soil moisture and frequency of heat waves, revealing that the region has not seen these conditions in over 260 years.
A study of US adolescents aged 15-17 found that those who had not used substances exhibited enhanced neural responses when observing peers making safe choices. Peer influence was associated with safer health risk behaviors in adolescents.
Baikal seals' unique comb-like teeth allow them to expel water while retaining prey during high-speed hunting. Their small size enables a net energy gain from consuming tiny amphipods, which are challenging for other aquatic mammals to eat.
Scientists at Kyoto University have discovered a new method for producing artificial spider silk by combining acidification and liquid-liquid phase separation. This breakthrough could lead to the development of sustainable, high-strength fibers with potential applications in manufacturing.
Researchers have developed a new method called Raman holography, which uses surface-enhanced Raman scattering to image and analyze single particles in three dimensions. This technology has the potential to revolutionize fields such as live cell imaging and anti-counterfeiting.
Adults can acquire a complex language through cross-situational statistical learning, solving the chicken-and-egg problem of word meaning and sentence structure. By keeping track of associations between words and scenes across hundreds of trials, learners can figure out word meanings and roles in sentences.
The University of Technology Sydney led collaboration created a nanocrystal growth method that produces programmable atomic thin layers, arbitrary barcoded nanorods with morphology uniformity. The result is millions of different kinds of nanobarcodes for future nanoscale sensing applications.
AlphaFold's breakthrough could accelerate biological research, unlocking new possibilities in disease understanding and drug discovery. The system determines highly-accurate structures in a matter of days, achieving a median score of 92.4 GDT across all targets.
Singapore's smart city initiatives harness data and digital tools to design a greener, more livable and sustainable city. However, experts caution that these technologies must be balanced with material infrastructure development to address issues like inequality.
A new study by Swansea University scientists has found that mycosporine-like amino acids, nature's UV sunscreens, are increased when exposed to far-red light. This discovery challenges current understanding of their role in temperature regulation and environmental balance.
Researchers at Drexel University have developed ultrathin spray-applied MXene antennas that surpass copper antenna performance in terms of thinness, flexibility, and durability. The new technology has the potential to enable significant advancements in IoT technology and mobile communication networks.
A new statistical physics method reveals patterns of selection in HIV evolution, distinguishing adaptive mutations from random variations. This approach could inform HIV vaccine design and develop better treatments against the virus.
A University of Maine-led team developed a model, Power Theory, which suggests that demography played a crucial role in the transition from egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies to centralized authority. The researchers found a correlation between population density and size, and the change in power dynamics in early Peruvian societies.
Princeton University researchers have developed a new method to design and control complex mixtures with multiple phases, mimicking the arrangement of Russian matryoshka dolls. This approach uses graph theory to predict final arrangements of phases in a mixture when surface energies are known.
A QUT-led study reveals jaguars in the Amazon can cope with drought and flood, but repeated exposure leads to rapid decline. The species' long-term survival is threatened by climate change and food scarcity, with predictions suggesting a potential population crash in 30 years.
An AI model developed at Duke University successfully identified patients with Alzheimer's disease from retinal images, suggesting its potential as a predictive tool. The study provides proof-of-concept for machine learning analysis of certain types of retinal images to detect the neurological disease in symptomatic individuals.
Scientists at Far Eastern Federal University have developed a method to encode, transmit, and process information using skyrmions. By reducing the size of skyrmions to 10 nm, they aim to achieve high computing power and energy efficiency in future electronics devices.
Researchers at Northwestern University found that bacteria in low-iron environments reroute their metabolic pathways to favor producing iron-scavenging compounds. This study provides insights into the impact of iron on carbon cycling in bacterial cells, with implications for ecosystem health and environmental biotechnology.
A recent supplement to Annals of Internal Medicine highlights the need to address maternal mortality and morbidity in the US. Research suggests that focusing on prenatal care, addressing inequities and disparities, and improving healthcare access are crucial steps forward.
Holographic fluorescence imaging combines sensitivity, resolution, and specificity to track individual particles in 3D. The technique uses lateral shearing-interferometry to access phase information of each photon, enabling single-molecule sensitivity.
Researchers found that both pigs and dogs stay close to their owners if alone, but only dogs stay near humans with a stranger present. Pigs prefer physical contact with their owners, often touching or climbing onto them.
A KAIST research team used simulations to identify an enzyme that can reverse cellular senescence, a natural process contributing to aging and age-related diseases. By targeting the enzyme PDK1, cells were able to re-enter the cell cycle without proliferating abnormally.
Al-phase D mineral discovered to transport and host water up to 1200 km in lower mantle, improving stability against pressure and temperature. Researchers measured sound velocities and density of Al-phase D using synchrotron X-ray techniques, providing clear understanding of seismic velocities of hydrous rocks.
Researchers at RIKEN develop a material that can change from soft to hard and back again in response to temperature changes, mimicking the properties of sea cucumbers. The material's structure is manipulated using electrostatic repulsion and gold nanoparticles, enabling rapid and reversible shape shifts.
Researchers have developed a gallium arsenide-based ferromagnetic semiconductor that can act as memory by quickly switching its magnetic state in the presence of an induced current. The new material suppresses instability and lowers power consumption, offering highly efficient memory.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University have discovered a new end-to-end cyber-biological attack that can trick scientists into generating dangerous toxins in their labs. The attack uses malware to interfere with biological processes within the victim's lab, exploiting weaknesses in biosecurity screening protocols and cybersecurity controls.
Researchers found that green tea and muscadine grape extracts can inhibit the Mpro enzyme in SARS-CoV-2, while dark chocolate and cacao powder showed reduced activity. The study suggests that these plant compounds could be used to develop new treatments for COVID-19.
A new study using VERA data has revised Earth's velocity around the Galactic Center from 220 km/s to 227 km/s, making it faster. The revised calculation places Earth approximately 2000 light-years closer to the supermassive black hole at the Galaxy's center.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open found that a plant-based diet increased after-meal calorie burn by 18.7% in overweight participants, leading to significant weight loss and cardiometabolic benefits. The study also showed reductions in fat mass, visceral fat volume, and liver and muscle cell lipid levels.
Joint projects to fight cholera include vaccination for 540,000 people in Nepal and 250,000 in Mozambique. Enhanced surveillance capacity will also be strengthened.
Human fingerprints have a self-regulating moisture mechanism that helps avoid dropping objects, enabling the development of better prosthetic limbs and virtual reality environments. By regulating skin moisture, fingerprints maximize friction on various surfaces, giving primates an evolutionary advantage in dry and wet conditions.
The ESMO Immuno-Oncology Congress 2020 discussed the latest developments in cancer treatment, including adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments, tumour microenvironments, and novel therapeutics. The event also examined the impact of COVID-19 on immunotherapy in cancer patients.
A recent study by a researcher at the University of Kansas found statistically significant associations between music achievement and reading/math achievement in over 1,000 middle-school students. The findings suggest that there may be general learning processes underlying all academic achievement, regardless of the subject.
An observational study found that receiving unemployment insurance is associated with improved mental health, better healthcare access, and lower health-related social needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study suggests a positive correlation between unemployment insurance receipt and these outcomes.
A systematic review of COVID-19 data in the US reveals disproportionately higher rates of infection and mortality among African American/Black and Hispanic populations. The authors call for urgent interventions to mitigate these disparities. Read the full text to learn more about the findings.
A UMass Medical School study finds that low levels of PAPPA, commonly screened for chromosomal disorders, are associated with adipose tissue remodeling and gestational diabetes. The protein is linked to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which promotes healthy adipose tissue development during pregnancy.
New research from CU Boulder finds that worst-case emissions projections used by the IPCC are not reflecting the slowing rate of growth in the global economy. This suggests that these high-emissions scenarios have already diverged from reality and may continue to do so over the coming decades.
Researchers analyzed data on over 45,000 patients hospitalized for their first heart attack between 2002-2016. The study found that women were older and faced more risk factors than men, which put them at a higher risk of developing heart failure after a heart attack. Women also had lower rates of prescribed medications and revasculari...
Researchers applied the Perturb-Seq method to study dozens of genes associated with autism spectrum disorder, identifying how specific cell types in the developing mouse brain are impacted by mutations. The study found that both neurons and glia are directly affected by different sets of risk genes.
A new study found that frequent peak air pollution exposure was associated with reduced math and English language arts test scores for third graders in Salt Lake County. Chronic exposure also had an impact on test scores, but the effect disappeared when controlling for social disadvantage factors.
Researchers from the University of the Basque Country found that pyroclastic materials protecting Pompeii paintings also cause damage when exposed to air and humidity. The study identified fluorine ions in the salts responsible for damage, suggesting a link between volcanic origin and salt crystallization.
A mass screening programme in Wuhan identified 300 asymptomatic COVID-19 cases with no viable virus detected, and close contacts did not test positive. The study suggests strict non-pharmaceutical interventions such as mask-wearing and social distancing reduced the virulence of Covid-19.
A study reveals that fingerprints facilitate grip by controlling friction through the interaction of sweat glands and moisture. The researchers found that fingerprint ridges effectively block sweat glands when in contact with a surface, resulting in maximum friction.
A new study investigates the closure of a marine area in the Pacific Ocean to fishing, revealing that it could drive up offshore fish prices and increase tourists' consumption of reef fish. However, offering tourists a local and sustainable offshore fish choice can avoid environmental impacts on nearshore reef ecosystems.
A team of researchers led by Nagoya University has discovered that killer electrons, resulting from the pulsating aurora, could be involved in ozone destruction. The high-energy electrons are believed to cause damage when they penetrate satellites, and their presence in the middle atmosphere is associated with the pulsating aurora.
Researchers found that shrews' brains reduce metabolic demands in winter by adapting neural structure and activity, including thinner layer 4 neurons and fewer parvalbumin-positive interneurons. These adaptations may help shrews conserve energy during winter.
A study found that firms tend to follow the pecking order theory, drawing down internal funds before relying on debt financing after negative E&S incidents. Firms with high CSR reputation are better able to cushion the impacts of such incidents. Financially constrained firms react differently due to limited access to equity markets.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst study recommends guidelines for the ethical handling of opioid use disorder information stored in the Public Health Data Warehouse. The research highlights concerns about public trust and potential misuses of big data, and proposes safeguards to prioritize health equity.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found that adding exercise to a genetic treatment for myotonic dystrophy type 1 reversed fatigue in mice. Exercise alone provided some benefit, whereas the treatment alone did not.
Local elected officials in the US are more likely to support refugee resettlement for families and single women, as well as those perceived as economically strong. Most officials favor resettling Christian refugees and those with higher education levels, indicating a nuanced approach to refugee resettlement.
A team of researchers from Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin have studied how SARS-CoV-2 reaches the brain and found that it enters through nerve cells in the olfactory mucosa. The virus is also transported via blood vessels to reach the brain, which may contribute to neurological symptoms such as loss of smell or taste in COVID-19 ...