A team of Penn researchers has received a $3.2 million grant to develop an AI-powered system that can accurately predict the likelihood of cardiac patients accepting or rejecting a new heart. The project aims to reduce rejection rates and improve patient outcomes by analyzing cardiac biopsy tissue images.
The CODA trial found that antibiotics can avoid surgery for more than 70% of patients with appendicitis. However, patients with an appendicolith may face higher complications and a greater risk of needing surgery.
Oregon State University (OSU) will take over systems management of Ocean Observatories Initiative's cyberinfrastructure in September 2023. The team will handle data storage and delivery for the OOI, which consists of five instrumented observatories collecting over 800 instruments' data.
A UC Riverside study found that HPV vaccination mandates did not lead to increased vaccine uptake or equal access among diverse populations. Mandates aimed at standardizing age of uptake were ineffective in improving compliance rates, highlighting the need for more targeted strategies.
Researchers found that the formation of the Isthmus of Panama led to a significant reduction in native South American mammal diversity, allowing North American immigrants to thrive. The resulting asymmetry has lasting effects on modern species distribution.
A study by Washington State University scientists has identified two dozen exoplanets that could potentially support complex life. These superhabitable planets are characterized by being older, slightly warmer, and possibly wetter than Earth, with some orbiting stars that may be more suitable for life than our sun.
The Murdoch Childrens Research Institute will establish a biobank of biological samples from people with Prader-Willi Syndrome and Angelman Syndrome, two rare genetic diseases affecting 1 in 15,000 people. The biobank will help researchers better understand the causes of these disorders and develop new treatments.
The University of Texas at Austin has been selected by the Department of Energy to establish a Multidisciplinary Simulation Center, focusing on developing next-generation exascale predictive simulation capabilities. Researchers will combine computational simulations and physical experiments to improve predictive power.
A nationwide survey in Japan reveals that deeper grief correlates with lower quality of life, increased medical reliance, and higher rates of medical costs. Factors like funeral satisfaction and social support can predict who needs help in bereavement.
Scientists have discovered that tiny point mutations in a gene can modify T cells to be less aggressive, leading to reduced inflammation and autoimmune responses. This finding has potential implications for stem cell transplantation, where T-cell transfusion is used to prevent severe side effects.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Tennessee discovered a way to slow phonons, waves that transport heat, in photovoltaic materials. This discovery holds promise for improving novel hot-carrier solar cells, which convert sunlight to electricity more efficiently than conventional solar cells by harnessing...
Researchers find dust plays a significant role in melting snow in the western Himalayas, with implications for agriculture and human consumption. The study suggests that dust affects snowmelt at high elevations more than soot and other pollutants.
A randomized controlled study found that acupuncture before surgery significantly reduced pain and opioid consumption in veterans. Researchers used both traditional and battlefield acupuncture techniques, with the latter showing promising results in reducing opioid use and improving patient satisfaction.
A new algorithm called Variational Fast Forwarding (VFF) can simulate quantum systems for longer periods than current quantum computers can handle. This allows scientists to tackle complex problems that were previously unsolvable due to decoherence, which degrades quantum coherence.
A study from the University of Guam's Children's Healthy Living Program found that over 27% of children aged 2-8 on Guam are obese or overweight, with factors including excessive screen time, processed foods, and poor sleep habits contributing to the high rate.
The study found that urbanization leads to decreased soil acidity and increased carbon concentrations, with tree trunks shrinking by 40-60% in crowded areas. The school covered five climatic zones, combining teaching and research, fieldwork and expert consultations.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have developed a blood-clotting agent that can improve survival rates for severely injured trauma patients. The drug, tranexamic acid, was found to be safe and beneficial in certain subgroups of patients who received it early.
The University of Texas at Arlington is launching a public transportation pilot program with free rides for students, featuring autonomous vehicles provided by May Mobility. The program aims to develop efficient, safe, and accessible transit networks in low-density settings.
Astronomers using Gemini South's adaptive optics system have captured detailed images of the Carina Nebula with a resolution comparable to the Webb Space Telescope. The high-def images reveal intricate structures within the nebula, including parallel ridges and fragments being sheared off by strong winds.
A UCSF study found parents are more likely to know their child is using e-cigarettes if they're older and male, but less aware of vaping compared to smoking. Parents setting strict household rules can help prevent tobacco use in children.
Tropical cyclones exhibit non-uniform strength, with stronger sides extending higher into the troposphere. NASA's AIRS instrument captured cloud top temperatures of -63°F, indicating a strong storm capable of heavy rain. The storm's structure has improved since Sunday, with deep convection and a more circular shape.
Researchers found that excessive folic acid intake during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on the brain development of embryos. The study suggests a 'Goldilocks effect,' where too little or too much folic acid is harmful, and more investigation is needed to determine the optimal dosage for pregnant women.
The CODA Trial found that antibiotics were not worse than surgery in measuring overall health status, allowing most people to avoid operations in the short term. Patients treated with antibiotics more often returned to the emergency department but missed less time from work and school.
A new EU project aims to develop prototypes of a molecular solar thermal energy storage system (MOST) for larger scale applications. The technology can store and release solar power on demand, generating interest worldwide.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine discovered that IL-21 is critical for the development of effective immune responses to chronic infections in the central nervous system. Injecting IL-21 into cerebrospinal fluid reduced deficiencies in mice with impaired CD4 T-cell production and gene expression related to TRM cells.
The US has seen a significant increase in catheter-associated bloodstream and urinary tract infections among critically ill infants and children. From 2013 to 2018, the rates of these infections rose sharply, highlighting a growing public health concern.
Patients who use cannabis before surgery require more anesthesia, report higher pain levels, and consume more opioids while in the hospital. Researchers emphasize the importance of disclosing cannabis use to anesthesiologists for optimal care.
Researchers from Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology evaluate subseasonal prediction skill for heatwaves in Yangtze River basin using long-term hindcast data from three operational models. They found that superior model fidelity is crucial to predicting heatwave occurrence, intensity and duration at longer lead times.
Researchers aim to develop treatments that can prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease with two large-scale studies on pre-dementia conditions MCR and brain stimulation techniques.
A recent study led by ASU researcher Chris Wharton found that a values-based intervention can reduce household food waste by an average of 28%. The intervention used clear plastic bins to track food waste and highlighted the impact of cost, health, and environmental concerns. Participants reported that watching their waste build up pro...
A new experiment reveals that fungal endophytes, which live inside plants, play a key role in invasion success and invasional meltdown in multi-species communities. The study found that alien species share fewer soil microbes with each other than with native species, making them less negatively affected by each other.
Researchers found that wild red abalone mothers provide their offspring with an energy boost from yolk lipids, making them more tolerant of ocean acidification. However, fast-growing farmed abalone are more susceptible to dying under the same conditions.
A study on fossils reveals that native South American mammals were disproportionately extinct, leading to a higher number of North American ancestors in the region. This biotic exchange event resulted from the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.
A Duke University-led team has discovered how malaria parasites can survive fevers by producing a special lipid molecule and binding to heat shock proteins. This could lead to new ways to fight resistant strains of the disease. The findings also suggest caution when using fever reducers with artemisinin-based compounds.
Kathleen Smits' innovative approach links environmental data with gas concentration readings to understand leak severity and migration. The research aims to examine reoccurrence of leaks, urbanization effects, and repaired leaks that continue to vent, providing critical insights for industry and regulators.
Researchers found that relaxation of physical distancing measures led to a rapid reversal of public health gains against COVID-19, with most states reversing course. Only nine of 51 states remained at low transmission rates eight weeks after restrictions were lifted or loosened.
A new research project funded by TxDOT aims to examine the effectiveness of green pavement markings on Texas streets. The study will investigate the use, safety, longevity, and performance of these markings, which are painted green to increase visibility for cyclists, pedestrians, and motorists.
Research team successfully visualized intracellular calcium concentrations in the Venus flytrap, revealing that its short-term memory can be explained by changes in calcium concentration. The study demonstrates how a single contact event triggers a burst of calcium ions, which then trigger a second stimulus to close the trap.
Researchers at KAUST developed semiconductive photocatalysts that efficiently absorb solar energy, reducing the energy required for a bioelectrochemical process to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals. The technology has the potential to reduce carbon emissions while generating useful products.
A new study found that patients with sciatica who received four weeks of physical therapy experienced less disability in the year following their initial doctor's visit compared to those who followed a wait-and-see approach. Physical therapy significantly improved patient outcomes, including reduced pain and increased activity levels.
A single fungicide application at the silking stage provides the best foliar disease control in Kentucky corn crops, according to research by Carl Bradley and colleagues. This approach is more cost-effective than sequential applications, allowing farmers to improve their return on investment.
The SWOG Cancer Research Network will share innovative approaches to cancer care, including telemedicine and quality improvements, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The network's trials have led to significant advancements in cancer treatment and patient outcomes.
A new report in Health Affairs highlights the need for policymakers and local governments to implement evidence-based programs that address poverty, family supports, and universal healthcare. These interventions could substantially reduce the risks faced by children from poverty and early adversity.
By straining diamond to change its electronic properties, researchers can dial it from insulating to highly conductive, or metallic. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new optical devices, quantum sensors, and high-efficiency solar cells.
A new study models groundwater use and crop production as a predator-prey interaction, predicting declining irrigated food production in the US High Plains. By 2050, Nebraska is expected to have nearly 10 times the groundwater-based food production of Texas due to higher recharge rates.
A prospective study of employment and multiple sclerosis found individuals at risk tend to have progressive disease, fatigue, poorer coping mechanisms, and less MS self-efficacy. The study identified factors and behaviors that may be targeted for interventions to maintain employment.
Red abalone energy provisioning and larval metabolism are strongly correlated with survival under ocean acidification. Ingesting lipids differently, they grew more slowly but survived higher rates under acidic conditions.
A study found that social similarity reduces individual risk of suicide for those under 45 living with others who share similar characteristics, such as employment status and ethnicity. However, high ethnic homogeneity in isolated areas may increase suicide risk among specific populations.
NURTURES, an early childhood STEM education program, will be offered to 135 teachers, 2,700 students, and 10,800 military-connected family members nationwide. The program aims to enhance teaching and learning in pre-K-through-third-grade STEM subjects.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a non-invasive method for concentrating and releasing drugs in the brain with pinpoint accuracy using focused ultrasound. The new technique aggregates drugs at specific sites, reducing dosage requirements by 1,300 times, and preserves physiological barriers between blood and nervous tissue.
Researchers identify key risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), including higher baseline serum creatinine levels and higher doses of nicardipine, which increase the risk of AKI and death within three months
A study by University of Arizona researchers found that Black and Hispanic people are more likely to live in areas at high risk of flooding. The study suggests that certain reforms to the National Flood Insurance Program could disproportionately negatively impact these groups.
A new study published in Nature Energy reveals that nuclear power does not deliver sufficient carbon emission reductions and should not be considered a low-carbon energy source. Renewable energy investments are found to have stronger correlations with CO2-emission reductions, particularly in countries with lower GDP per capita.
A meta-analysis of over 100 animal species found that hunger during development increases risk-taking behavior in later life. The study suggests a correlation between poor nutrition and increased willingness to take risks, which may also apply to humans.
The team used adaptive optics on the Gemini South telescope to reveal a wealth of detail in the nebula, including unusual structures and evidence for a jet of material ejected from a newly-formed star. The image provides the sharpest view to date of how massive young stars affect their surroundings.
Researchers found that antibiotics were not worse than surgery in terms of overall health status, allowing most people to avoid operations. Patients treated with antibiotics often returned home faster but missed less time from work and school.
Preliminary results from two large clinical trials investigating a new PD-1-based immune therapy for metastatic cervical cancer suggest improved response rates and potential new treatment options. The trials involved over 150 patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer and tested the combination of balstilimab and zalifrelimab.
Researchers at Flinders University have developed a non-invasive breath test that accurately differentiates between head and neck cancer patients and those with benign diseases. The test uses volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath to detect the presence of cancer, showing high sensitivity and specificity rates.
A new Danish study from the University of Southern Denmark found that athletes can cycle longer by placing their glycogen close to force-producing structures in muscle cells. This discovery challenges traditional views on carbohydrate storage and its impact on endurance performance.
Researchers found evidence of a quantum spin liquid in ruthenium trichloride, which could lead to new insights into magnetic materials and their applications. The discovery was made using a novel technique called resonant torsion magnetometry, which precisely measures the behavior of electron spins.