A global climate model simulation suggests that a cloud greenhouse effect could have warmed early Mars to support liquid surface water, with low clouds and warm stable climates emerging near surface water-ice patches. The results are consistent with geological data indicating a warm, arid early climate for the planet.
Using bioprinting, researchers successfully repaired traumatic injuries to the skin and bones of the face and skull in a rat model. The technique involved printing both bone and soft tissue layers, achieving 100% closure of soft tissue in four weeks and 80% closure of bone in six weeks.
Australian researchers have identified neutralizing nanobodies that block the SARS-CoV-2 virus from entering cells, paving the way for alternative treatments. The discovery of a nanobody recognizing emerging global variants and original SARS virus suggests potential cross-protection against human coronaviruses.
A new study used autopsy data to evaluate the AT(N) framework, a standard tool for assessing Alzheimer's risk. The researchers found that even in the highest-risk group, a third of individuals did not develop dementia, highlighting the complexity of Alzheimer's disease and the need for additional biomarkers.
Researchers found that using gain language, which highlights positive benefits, can increase eco-friendly behavior. Anthropomorphism, such as giving objects human characteristics, also boosts green compliance. The study suggests that businesses can save money by shifting customers' behaviors to be greener.
The International Society of Feline Medicine has published guidelines for blood transfusions in cats, emphasizing the need for careful consideration due to risks and limited donor availability. Blood typing and cross-matching are crucial to prevent potentially fatal reactions.
An international team of researchers searched for pieces of the small asteroid 2018 LA, tracked in space and observed to impact Botswana on June 2, 2018. The recovered meteorites showed it likely came from Vesta, a second-largest asteroid in our Solar System.
Researchers observed dense networks of sponge spicules indicating mobility in Arctic sponges. The trails suggest the sponges may be searching for food or reproducing, with further studies needed to confirm the reasons behind this surprising behavior.
A new study by Henry Ford Health System has found that a non-opioid approach to managing pain after knee surgery is just as effective as traditional opioid-based methods. The novel multimodal pain management protocol, developed at Henry Ford, brings immediate pain relief without the use of powerful opioids.
A new systematic review suggests that corticosteroids are not an effective treatment for COVID-19-induced smell loss. Instead, 'smell training' - a process of sniffing different odours twice daily for several months - is recommended as a cheap and side-effect-free treatment option.
Research found a significant increase in stroke mortality during the first lockdown, with higher case fatality rates among patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Despite stable hospital admissions for stroke, quality of care was preserved and some areas showed improvements.
Researchers found that shift working could be just as important a risk factor as already known high risk features such as ethnicity and living in poorer areas. Shift workers were more likely to test positive for Covid-19, with those doing irregular night shifts being three times more likely.
Research from DTU found that young people experience better work-life balance, but more uncertainty about their work. Managers report higher efficiency and less lack of important work tools compared to employees. The six factors can help organizations understand how to promote efficiency and well-being when working from home.
The Interstellar Probe mission aims to study how our Sun interacts with the local interstellar medium and learn more about the formation and evolution of the heliosphere. The probe will take 'images' of the heliosphere using energetic neutral atoms and observe extragalactic background light, shedding new light on the region.
Researchers estimate economic inequality using satellite sensing of nighttime light emissions and population density data. The study finds that inequality is lower in high-income countries and hotspots are evident in Russia, China and Southeast Asia.
Researchers evaluated hand hygiene compliance during COVID-19 in a hospital using an automated monitoring system. The study found improved adherence to hand hygiene protocols, resulting in reduced healthcare-associated infections.
A national study of 20,000 patients in Ireland identified chronic heart disease, neurological conditions, and cancer as associated with more severe COVID-19 outcomes. The research informs national public health policies and future treatment strategies for high-risk individuals.
A $2.5 million grant from the National Science Foundation will support algebra teachers' professional development at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The goal is to create new online materials that help students better understand algebra and develop critical thinking skills, ultimately leading to improved learning outcomes.
Researchers have identified a novel autoantigen in narcolepsy, which mimics a protein from the H1N1 virus. Immune cells in narcolepsy patients mounted stronger responses against viral peptides and human proteins, leading to the discovery of a self-protein that triggers an autoimmune response.
Researchers stabilized electrochemical interfaces using boron Lewis acids, resulting in ultralow leak current and improved cyclic stability. The study demonstrates potential for designing high-performance boron-doped carbon materials towards energy storage applications.
A team of scientists at Baycrest's Rotman Research Institute is investigating the effects of prior knowledge on learning and memory in bird experts. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electrical currents, they aim to determine whether a similar process takes place in the human brain.
A new algorithm, MMRDetect, identifies tumours with mismatch repair deficiencies that can be targeted by immunotherapies. The algorithm uses mutational signatures from genome sequencing data to personalize cancer treatments.
A study by WSU College of Nursing faculty found that nurses perceive touch as an essential tool for emotional care and comfort. Nurses see massage as a valuable resource in patient care, but express concerns about boundaries and assessment of patient openness to touch.
The study found substantial variations in undernutrition across villages, with some areas having rates as low as 5% and others exceeding 70%. A machine-learning model was developed to predict the prevalence of undernutrition in every village, enabling policymakers to prioritize villages struggling with high burdens of undernutrition.
The use of CRISPR technology demands more robust public engagement to harness its benefits without crossing ethical lines. Effective communication that incorporates social science research can facilitate nuanced debates about the societal implications of genetic editing.
A new Mount Sinai study found that patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have a small but significant risk of developing heart failure, even without a previous history of heart disease or cardiovascular risk factors. The study's findings may prompt clinicians to monitor for signs of congestive heart failure more closely in these patients.
Researchers have developed a class of materials that manipulates thermal radiation, allowing for efficient energy conversion systems and improved sensing technologies. By directing heat in specific directions over broad spectra, the new material offers capabilities for imaging, sensing applications, solar heating, waste heat recovery, ...
A small study from Mayo Clinic researchers raises concerns that some transplant patients may have a limited immune response after receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. The study found that infected vaccinated solid organ transplant recipients had a 10 times higher infection rate compared to the general population.
A Johns Hopkins University study reveals that stories about pollution, such as a man's death from contaminated shellfish, increase willingness to buy eco-friendly products among Democrats by 17%, whereas it decreases their spending by 14%. In contrast, Republican participants showed no change or even decreased spending after hearing th...
KAUST researchers create a new approach to capture evolving periodicity in variable star brightness, expanding cyclostationary theory. This allows for modeling of phenomena like solar irradiance and climate change.
A novel COVID-19 test has been created by pairing mass spectrometry with machine learning, achieving high accuracy rates of 98.3% for positives and 96% for negatives. The test uses a mass spectrometer to analyze nasal swabs in minutes, providing rapid results.
A new study predicting human exodus in Bangladesh due to sea-level rise and climate change has significant global implications. The research model considers economic and human behavior factors, predicting that districts along the Bay of Bengal will be the first impacted, triggering a ripple effect across the country.
A new report highlights the need for a comprehensive system of care for miscarriage, including testing, treatment, pre-pregnancy counselling, and psychological support. The authors estimate that approximately 23 million miscarriages occur every year globally, affecting up to 15% of all pregnancies.
Researchers found that newborns' brains can process voice pitch but struggle with the spectral and temporal fine structure of sounds. The study's findings suggest that neural encoding of speech sounds develops over time, providing a potential biomarker for early detection of language impairments.
A team of scientists has discovered that sponges leave trails on the sea floor in the Arctic deep sea, leading to speculation about their possible active movement. The findings, published in Current Biology, challenge previous assumptions that most sponges are attached or passively moved by ocean currents.
One in five pharmacies in the US refuse to dispense buprenorphine, a vital medication for opioid use disorder patients. This study highlights the need for reduced stigma and increased collaboration between pharmacists and healthcare providers.
Research suggests that fish may experience painful events despite lacking certain brain regions associated with human pain processing. The UTA team drew on contemporary neuroscience to argue that the brain can compensate for such regions, implying a higher likelihood of pain in fish.
Engineers at Duke University have created the world's first fully recyclable printed electronics by demonstrating a fully functional transistor made from three carbon-based inks. The researchers successfully reclaimed nearly 100% of all-carbon-based transistors while retaining their future functionality.
Researchers at Duke University developed a digital app that assesses eye gaze patterns of young children to identify potential autism symptoms. The app uses computer vision and machine learning to track attention patterns, potentially providing an early screening tool for autism.
A new tool called PhenoBench standardizes data analysis for traumatic brain injury (TBI), enabling researchers to identify patient subgroups for personalized care. The study aims to provide tailored treatments that improve recovery and reduce long-term consequences of TBI.
A new study reveals that critically ill patients' cells adapt to their conditions by producing energy more efficiently, with differences observed in survivors versus non-survivors. The research found that cell complexes transport electrons more effectively in those who survived, suggesting a possible key to human resilience.
The study provides global and country-level estimates of humans living at high altitude, with 81.6 million people found to live above 2,500m. This data is crucial for understanding the impact of life at high altitude on human physiology, adaptation, health, and disease.
A new Australian study found that changes in lifestyle patterns during early childhood are longitudinally associated with concurrent changes in body mass index (BMI) z scores. The study identified three trajectory groups of child lifestyle patterns and BMI z scores, with a healthy lifestyle pattern being the most distinctive in reducin...
Exposure to secondhand smoke increases oral cancer risk by 51%, according to a review of existing research. Long-term exposure is associated with significantly higher risk, highlighting the need for effective prevention programmes.
Research finds that supporting social hierarchies is associated with increased police use of force by White officers. Non-White officers show no significant correlation between social hierarchy support and force use.
Researchers have developed a method called 'quasi-symmetry' that can minimize the negative effects of magnetic field errors in fusion reactors, improving stability and energy confinement. This breakthrough could accelerate the development of fusion energy as a safe and limitless source of power.
A new study by an interdisciplinary team of scientists has discovered a vast microbial ecosystem living deep within the Earth's crust that traps massive amounts of carbon. The microbes, called chemolithoautotrophs, sequester carbon produced during subduction by using chemical energy to build their bodies.
Researchers discovered that damage to lung epithelial polarity drives pre-cancerous growth, providing insight into disease onset. Targeting specific signals, such as Neuregulin-1, may allow for prevention and treatment of pre-cancer lesions.
A study by RMIT University found that Australian government-owned airports could produce up to 10 times more electricity than residential panels in Bendigo, offsetting greenhouse gas emissions annually. The research suggests that installing large-scale rooftop solar systems at airports could power 136,000 homes and contribute towards a...
A new Stanford University-led study estimates that single-family homes in floodplains are overvalued by nearly $44 billion collectively, with the average home losing around 2% of its value. The study suggests that inadequate disclosure laws and unaware buyers drive up financial risks, which could destabilize the real estate market.
A simulation study found a 10% carbon tax on glyphosate use would incur $98 million annual net economic loss but provide $6 million in human health benefits per year. The findings suggest caution in regulating glyphosate due to its environmental and economic concerns.
University of Delaware researchers report a breakthrough process that can convert hard-to-recycle plastics into usable molecules. The hydrocracking process requires less energy than other technologies and can treat various plastics, even when mixed together.
A new study from Children's Hospital Los Angeles finds a surge of patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes. Insulin levels in the blood may drop too low for too long due to COVID-19, causing DKA.
New research by Richard York found that adding alternative meat sources like poultry and fish increases overall meat consumption, rather than suppressing traditional grazing animal sources.
A majority of Generation Z gay and bisexual teenage boys report being out to their parents, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. However, stigma and religious beliefs still prevent some young people from disclosing their sexual identity.
Researchers uncover novel cell division mechanism in Haloferax volcanii, a microorganism from the archaea realm. This discovery offers new insights into the evolution of life and potential biotechnological tools for delivering vaccines or drugs.
Researchers at Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center identified distinct mutational and molecular changes in four SCLC subtypes, providing new insights into treatment resistance. The findings suggest that subtyping patients before systemic therapy could play a role in drug development and therapy selection.
Researchers used Facebook data to map participants' social connections and found that brain activity patterns reflected the distance between individuals, with closer people having similar patterns. Information about each connection's personality was encoded in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Researchers have developed an optical cochlear implant that uses light to stimulate auditory neurons, potentially improving frequency and intensity resolution. The new technology was tested on rodents and non-human primates, showing promise in enhancing speech comprehension.
A recent study by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology found that children's mental health promotes physical activity during COVID-19 lockdowns. The research team analyzed data from over 1,700 children and adolescents and discovered a strong correlation between good mental health and increased physical activity.