A study by researchers at UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found that MRI frequently underestimates the size of prostate tumors, which can lead to undertreatment. The accuracy of treatment depends on precise measurements of both tumor size and PI-RADS score.
Researchers have found that cancer cells can enter a slow-dividing state to survive chemotherapy, similar to an embryonic survival program in mammals. Targeting these sleeping cells with novel therapies may prevent cancer regrowth and overcome drug resistance.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have discovered a promising treatment approach for preventing acute graft-versus-host disease, a common complication of blood stem cell transplantation. The study found that using the oral drug sitagliptin reduces the risk of GVHD by inhibiting immune T cell activation.
A survey of school nutrition staff in the US revealed significant concerns about COVID-19 transmission risks and lack of support from authorities. Respondents described feelings of exhaustion, fear, and stress due to high-risk working conditions.
A CABBI study shows energy sorghum behaves more like perennial miscanthus in its efficient use of water and light to produce abundant biomass. Energy sorghum has higher nitrogen emissions than maize but can be managed with careful fertilizer, offering a middle-road crop solution.
The University of Texas at San Antonio's MATRIX AI Consortium has received over $1 million in research funding to develop novel brain-inspired lifelong learning algorithms. Inspired by the honeybee brain, these algorithms aim to close the performance gap between modern AI systems and biological systems.
A new sequencing-based approach has been developed to determine infection clearance and microbiota recovery. The technique has shown promise in understanding the activity of microbial drug resistance mechanisms and identifying causative microbes.
Scientists are developing new solutions for honeybee colony collapse, a threat to global food security. The University of California's four-campus network will use breeding programs, medications, and monitoring tools to combat the issue.
Research finds that migration from high sunlight regions to low sunlight regions increases risk of vitamin D deficiency, associated with higher mortality rates from cardiovascular disease, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers. Vitamin D supplements may offer significant benefits in extending life years
Noncognitive skills, distinct from cognitive abilities, significantly impact educational attainment and life outcomes. The study identified 157 genetic locations related to these skills, which contribute equally to the heritability of educational attainment as cognitive ability.
A study by Weizmann Institute of Science researchers found that spontaneous brain activity in the visual centers can trigger vivid visual hallucinations in blind individuals with Charles Bonnet syndrome. The findings suggest a shared neural system for vision, imagination, and hallucination.
A new study found that a Mediterranean-style diet may help slow the progression of prostate cancer in men who are not seeking immediate treatment. Men with localized prostate cancer who followed a more plant-based diet had a lower risk of cancer growth or advancement, regardless of their age, PSA levels, or tumor volume.
Researchers at Friedrich Schiller University Jena have developed a refined process for thermally tempering thin glass, removing limitations on strength. The new method uses a liquid coolant to create a thermal gradient, enabling the production of high-strength glasses without thickness restrictions.
Researchers found thousands of Wuhan residents infected with asymptomatic COVID-19 cases after initial control measures. The study suggests a large number of asymptomatic carriers existed after reported cases were eliminated.
A new study finds that Black patients are four times more likely to be hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis due to type 1 diabetes and COVID-19. The study also reveals disparities in the use of diabetes technology among minority patients.
A team of researchers identified an antibody called 2B7 that neutralizes the NS1 protein, a key factor in dengue virus replication and disease. The findings offer a potential strategy for developing effective treatments and vaccines against dengue and similar diseases.
The genomes of platypus and echidna have been published in Nature, providing a valuable resource for research on mammalian biology and evolution. The study sheds light on the unique biology and reproductive strategy of these animals, offering new leads for drug development and genetic management of threatened populations.
Researchers developed an mRNA vaccine that restored tolerance to self-proteins in mice with autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model for multiple sclerosis. The vaccine suppressed immune responses and promoted regulatory T cells to control the disease.
Scientists at the University of Birmingham have identified a potential new treatment for open angle glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease affecting over 70 million people worldwide. ILB has been shown to normalise matrix deposition and lower intraocular pressure in a pre-clinical model, paving the way for anti-fibrotic therapies.
Researchers at the University of Freiburg found that sleep is essential for brain recovery and improvement in performance after intense training or work. During deep sleep, brain activity strengthens relevant connections and weakens unused ones.
Recent surveys indicate a fluctuating willingness to be vaccinated, with 60% willing and 51% unwilling; experts propose 12 strategies, including analogy and explanation, to boost vaccine uptake and achieve 100% follow-through.
Cell Press launches a new initiative to promote inclusion and diversity in research, allowing authors to share their efforts in paper statements. The pilot program will track progress and provide data for benchmarking goals, aiming to increase diversity and monitor outcomes.
The growing wolf population in Germany threatens legally binding nature conservation goals due to increased attacks on livestock. The researchers propose simplifying regulatory measures, actively managing the wolf population, and providing financial support for farmers to implement conservation efforts.
Scientists regenerate parts of the skull using stem cells, correcting skull shape and reversing learning and memory deficits in young mice with craniosynostosis. The study holds great potential for less invasive therapies for children with this common birth defect.
A Danish study examines the association between childhood experiences and early adulthood outcomes, finding a link between negative experiences in childhood and adolescence and poorer outcomes. The research uses population data from Denmark to investigate how age at exposure to adverse experiences affects adult life.
A £1.2M grant will upgrade the CLIMB COVID-19 project's computational equipment to process genomic data globally. Researchers can analyze genomes from local populations in relation to global datasets, facilitating equitable data sharing and fighting pandemic diseases.
A study by Virginia Commonwealth University found that over 10% of dental hygiene students felt anxious about the future of dentistry, with 40% in their final year changing their career plans. Students who planned to change careers had higher stress and anxiety scores than those who didn't.
The Hubble imaging Probe of Extreme Environments and Clusters (HiPEEC) survey investigates how star clusters form and evolve during galaxy mergers. The study reveals large and rapid variations in star cluster properties, with the most massive clusters formed towards the end of the merger phase.
A new antibody has shown broad-spectrum protection against multiple flaviviruses, including dengue, Zika, and West Nile. The discovery could provide a blueprint for safe and effective vaccines against these deadly diseases.
Researchers at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics successfully synthesized bio-based Methylcyclopentadiene through direct hydrodeoxygenation of 3-methylcyclopent-2-enone derived from cellulose. The process achieved a high carbon yield of 70% and opens up a new horizon for the production of valuable products.
Researchers found that focused ultrasound improved parkinsonian symptoms by 10 points in treated patients, with potential benefits for those with asymmetrical symptoms and limited treatment options. However, further refinements of the technology are needed to ensure reliability and safety.
The study identified three distinct subtypes of HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) with varying prognoses. The subtypes CIN, Basal, and Immune showed potential for different treatments, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Researchers have found unusual sex chromosomes in platypus, emu, and duck using cutting-edge sequencing techniques. The studies reveal that platypus has ten sex chromosomes paired together in a head-to-tail manner, whereas birds have ZW sex chromosomes.
The European Research Council has awarded €8.25 million in ERC Proof of Concept grants to 55 researchers, enabling them to explore the commercial and societal potential of their work. This funding will support the development of new technologies, such as a low-cost COVID-19 test and clean energy producing technology.
A University of Arizona-led research team discovered bands and stripes on the closest brown dwarf to Earth, hinting at processes churning its atmosphere. The findings reveal high-speed winds running parallel to equators, mixing atmospheres and redistributing heat.
Research suggests that crocodiles' slow evolutionary rate is a result of their versatile body plan, allowing them to adapt to environmental changes. This efficiency may explain why they thrived during the Cretaceous period when dinosaurs perished.
Researchers identified five novel toxin-antidote pairs in nematode species Caenorhabditis tropicalis and C. briggsae. The study found that these elements can delay reproduction or kill non-carriers, causing defects in over 70% of progeny from a single cross.
A new study suggests that shortening the COVID-19 infectious period by half a day could avert up to 1.4 million cases and over 99,000 hospitalizations, saving $209.5 billion in direct medical costs. Expanding treatment to 75% of infected individuals could avert 29.7 million cases and save $856 billion.
Scientists from Jülich researchers found an alternative cause for the dip in energy spectrum attributed to the Kondo effect. They propose new experiments based on their predictions, suggesting that much of what was thought about the Kondo effect needs re-examination.
Two ERC-funded innovation projects will develop nanometric sensors for brain surgery and flexible X-ray detectors for medical imaging. The projects aim to reduce damages and improve efficiency in healthcare and industrial non-destructive testing.
Researchers developed a machine learning model to predict electronic density of states (DOS) for materials properties. The model demonstrates transferability across different phases and scalability to large system sizes, making it applicable to address long-standing open questions in materials science.
Researchers at York University found that individuals differ in their reliance on visual information to interpret their environment, leading to varying perceptions of self-motion. This study's findings have practical applications for space travel, virtual reality game design, and understanding aging-related changes in mobility.
Researchers define surgical smoke as a hazardous vapor composed of aerosolized chemicals, with potential to obscure vision, cause respiratory issues, and even contain viruses. Laws mandating its evacuation from operating rooms are recommended to reduce health impacts.
Researchers have deciphered the structure of a protein found in parasites that cause elephantiasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis, enabling the search for more potent molecules capable of directly destroying pathogens. The study aims to reduce or avoid adverse side effects of current treatments.
Researchers discover pain and fear are transmitted through different brain regions in mice, with pain mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex to the nucleus accumbens and fear mediated by the ACC to the basolateral amygdala. This study provides insights into empathy and may offer a model for socially-induced pain relief among humans.
Researchers found a key gene, OsTCP19, that helps rice adapt to low soil nitrogen levels. By introducing this gene into modern cultivars, farmers can improve crop yields while reducing fertilizer use, leading to more sustainable agricultural practices.
Researchers developed GeoMEDD, a near-real-time spatial assessment of COVID-19 cases to help hospitals and health departments respond to clusters of outbreaks. The methodology enhances traditional mapping by analyzing data streams from various sources to identify emergent patterns.
A recent study by the University of Tsukuba found that drinking two cups of oolong tea a day can increase fat breakdown by about 20% in healthy volunteers. This effect was observed even when participants were asleep, suggesting a potential role for oolong tea in weight management.
Researchers at Purdue University developed a stabilized form of human calcitonin, a peptide hormone that inhibits bone resorption and increases bone mass. The new drug form, which is less prone to fibrillation, may provide a more effective option for osteoporosis patients.
A large-scale study by Bentley University found that 78% of biotech companies completing Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) from 1997-2016 achieved product approvals. The majority of these approved products were small molecule drugs, accounting for 75% of phase 3 products and 78% of approvals.
A Swedish registry study found that only 0.77 intensive care patients per 100,000 children aged 1-16 were treated for COVID-19 or multi-inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Despite schools being open during the pandemic, none of the children died within two months after their intensive care period.
A UK survey conducted before and during the pandemic reveals that women and ethnic minorities experienced a significant increase in average mental distress, with BAME men experiencing a greater average increase than White British men. The study suggests that the pandemic may have particularly affected the mental wellbeing of these groups.
A comprehensive study of the Antarctic's status quo and future reveals alarming changes due to climate change, including ocean acidification and increased biodiversity. The team forecasts a more intense 'greening' of coastal areas but warns that prolonged warming could lead to species extinction.
A new study suggests that fact-checking labels from health institutions and research universities can positively impact attitudes toward vaccines. The study found that these labels generate more positive attitudes than misinformation alone, with perceived source expertise making a difference.
A new study by Tel Aviv University reveals that a devastating earthquake measuring 6.5 on the Richter scale is expected to hit Israel in the coming years. The research analyzed 220,000 years of geological record from the Dead Sea and found that earthquakes with this magnitude occur every 130-150 years on average.
Georgia State University and Emory University collaborate to train nursing home staff in innovative telementoring model to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread. The ECHO model provides virtual community of learners, sharing best practices and knowledge on infection control, care for asymptomatic residents, and reducing social isolation.
A recent study found that Hawai'i drought is only associated with Eastern Pacific El Niño, while Central Pacific El Niño events result in deficient rainfall in Hawaii only 60% of the time. This new information has significant implications for water resource management and planning in Hawai'i.
Researchers developed a new approach using light-based processors to accelerate matrix-vector multiplications in neural networks. The photonic chips achieve parallel calculations using multiple wavelengths of light, enabling complex mathematical tasks to be processed at high speeds and throughputs.
A new advanced computing technique enables doctors to take fewer, more accurate tumour biopsies by combining computed tomography (CT) scans with ultrasound images. This method captures the patchwork of different cancer cell types within a tumour, critical for selecting the best treatment.
A new study from Bentley University finds that emerging public biotech companies generated over $100 billion in shareholder value despite a high failure rate. The research compares the financial performance of biotech and non-biotech companies with similar IPO timelines, revealing comparable success rates and economic value creation.