Astronomers have estimated the universe's age to be nearly 14 billion years old using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the European Space Agency's Planck satellite. The findings match the predictions of the standard model of the universe, resolving a discrepancy that had sparked debate in the astrophysics community.
The decline of freshwater mussels in Japan has heightened hybridization between native and introduced bitterling fish species, threatening the native population. The loss of host mussels increases competition for breeding substrates, leading to a cascade of extinctions.
A new study finds that soil moisture exerts a negative feedback on surface water availability in drylands, offsetting some of the expected decline. This means that as soil moisture decreases, it can reduce evapotranspiration and enhance surface warming, leading to more frequent droughts and floods.
Researchers have developed a new method using tetra-unsaturated alkenone (C37:4) molecules to reconstruct sea ice abundance and distribution from the ancient past. This discovery could aid in understanding human-induced climate change by providing a reliable proxy for sea ice concentration through time.
Scientists have created a new material, a higher-order topological insulator, which confines electrons to one dimension, enabling the creation of ultra-high-speed and low-power devices. This innovation has significant implications for spintronics, a field that may replace traditional electronic systems in the future.
Experts discuss microbial-based solutions to combat COVID-19, including vaccine candidates and production platforms. The webinar explores learnings from vaccine development, innovative approaches to address systemic inflammation.
Researchers at the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown discovered a direct link between prolactin and the male refractory period is unlikely. They found that artificially increasing or blocking prolactin levels had no effect on the animals' sexual behavior, contradicting the long-held theory.
A new satellite-based program, GLAD, has shown promise in reducing deforestation in African nations by 18% and offering carbon sequestration benefits worth hundreds of millions of dollars. The system delivers alerts to subscribers via the interactive web application, Global Forest Watch, enabling them to take action to save forests.
A new study by RAND Corporation found that significant psychological distress among Americans surged during the pandemic's early months, comparable to the entire previous year. People with pre-pandemic distress were more likely to experience it again, highlighting the need for targeted services to vulnerable populations.
A new data-driven global climate model projects significant urban heat stress and reduced relative humidity in cities by the end of this century. The study's findings emphasize the need for local urban climate projections to support city planners' adaptation strategies, such as green infrastructure interventions.
Scientists discovered a way to create supersolids using ultracold quantum gases, a state that exhibits both crystalline order and particle flow. The researchers found that by draining the superfluid bath, the droplets lose communication and behave like independent systems, but can be revived by replenishing the bath.
A study by Uppsala University found that parents of children diagnosed with cancer are differently financially affected. In contrast to previous research, which showed that mothers were more affected than fathers, this study reveals that fathers experience negative long-term effects on their income and employment.
The development of programmable metasurfaces at Princeton University has the potential to significantly increase data transmission rates in wireless systems. The technology uses terahertz waves to focus transmissions in specific directions, overcoming challenges such as obstacles and distance limitations. This breakthrough could enable...
A recent study found that pregnancy causes the immune system to become sensitized to transplanted organs, particularly those from the father of the child, while becoming tolerant to the fetus. This paradoxical effect increases the risk of transplant rejection.
Researchers used X-ray laser to directly measure formation of polarons, fleeting distortions that affect material's behavior. The study reveals that polarons form large, expanding bubbles that travel along with electrons, potentially explaining why lead hybrid perovskites achieve high efficiencies in solar cells.
A research team from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics regenerates deactivated catalysts in the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process by transforming coke to active intermediates. This approach promotes light olefin formation and recovers catalyst activity, achieving high selectivity rates.
A large data analysis of over 7,100 U.S. adults found that vaping combined with smoking results in similar levels of inflammation and oxidative stress as smoking cigarettes exclusively. Researchers also found that dual use of both products does not reduce risk.
Researchers Matt Kasson and Angie Macias are studying the association between millipedes and fungi, revealing tremendous fungal diversity among colobognathan millipedes. The team plans to document fungal diversity associated with half of the US species, potentially uncovering new undescribed fungal species.
A recent study of over 5,500 US nursing home residents with COVID-19 found that increased age, male sex, and impaired cognitive and physical function were independent risk factors for all-cause 30-day mortality. These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions to improve outcomes for vulnerable populations
Using a new combination of emitter molecules, researchers achieved devices that produce pure-blue emission with high efficiency, maintain brightness for relatively long times, and lack expensive metal atoms. The approach uses a tandem structure to effectively double the emission, leading to nearly doubled lifetime at high brightness.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that sweetened beverage sales rebounded quickly after the Cook County tax was repealed. Despite a significant decrease in consumption during the tax's four-month period, sales returned to pre-tax levels, suggesting that price point alone drove down demand.
Researchers assess opportunities to improve nature monitoring, increase access to green spaces, and reduce pollution with robotics. However, they also warn of potential negative impacts on the environment, including waste generation and social inequalities.
A recent study published in JAMA Network found that abortions performed in Texas changed significantly after the state's executive order postponed nonmedically necessary surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers assessed abortion rates and gestational ages to compare changes between 2019 and the affected months.
A Northern Arizona University ecologist is studying pollinators in utility rights-of-ways to improve ecosystem health and biodiversity. The research project aims to evaluate the impact of different vegetation management treatments on plant and pollinator abundance in Arizona's electric power delivery lines.
A new study published in Geology has shed light on the mechanisms driving induced subsidence and seismicity in gas-producing sandstone reservoirs. Researchers analyzed drill core samples from the Groningen field, finding evidence of elastic strain plus inelastic compression of weak clay films within grain contacts.
Researchers found that brain tumour growth may be triggered by mutations in cells generated to replace damaged tissue after an injury. The study provides new insights into how glioblastoma develops and could lead to targeted therapies.
A biologist has created software tools to model cancer pathways and predict the efficacy of cancer drugs. The project aims to develop targeted treatments that target specific signaling networks in cancer cells, reducing harm to normal cells.
Scientists have created a new numerical model to estimate the dimensions of umbrella clouds contributing to volcanic ash deposits. This tool helps understand past large explosive eruptions and improve forecast of future events. The research was applied to the 2,500-year-old eruption of Pululagua volcano in Ecuador.
A comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 animal model study has identified two potential models: Indian rhesus macaques and African baboons. The macaque model shows promise for vaccine development, while the baboon model exhibits greater disease progression, making it suitable for evaluating anti-viral therapeutics and co-morbidities.
A study by UCLA researchers found that 74% of women who forgo breast reconstruction after a mastectomy are satisfied with their outcome. Despite support concerns, women pointed to faster recovery and body image as reasons for choosing 'going flat'.
A new study by Oregon State University researchers finds that co-developing land for solar photovoltaic power and agriculture could reduce US carbon emissions by 330,000 tons annually and create over 100,000 jobs. The proposed agrivoltaic systems would produce 20% of US electricity generation while minimizing crop yield impact.
The MOLLER experiment aims to precisely measure the electron's weak charge, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model. With a projected five times better precision than previous experiments, this measurement could uncover new physics at high masses.
A team of researchers from TUM has developed a highly efficient supercapacitor using a novel, powerful and sustainable graphene hybrid material. The new energy storage device achieves an energy density of up to 73 Wh/kg and performs better than most other supercapacitors at a power density of 16 kW/kg.
A new study found that tumors in the liver siphon off critical immune cells, rendering immunotherapy ineffective. However, coupling immunotherapy with radiotherapy restored immune cell function and led to better outcomes in mice. Researchers are now exploring potential clinical trials to understand the mechanisms at play.
The study confirms that nutrient imbalance in northeast Asian waters is disrupting phytoplankton species and marine ecosystems. Nitrogen pollutant inflow since the 1980s has led to changes in oceanic conditions, particularly near Ieodo Ocean Research Station.
Researchers have identified a promising new compound that activates bitter taste receptors to promote airway relaxation. The most potent compound, T5-8, demonstrates marked effectiveness in human airway smooth muscle cells.
Research suggests that state laws requiring flu vaccination for hospital workers can reduce pneumonia and influenza mortality rates, particularly among the elderly. A quasi-experimental study found a 2.5% reduction in monthly pneumonia and influenza mortality rates after law implementation, averting approximately 1,822 deaths.
A large-scale genetic analysis of over 200,000 men from diverse backgrounds identified 86 new risk factors for prostate cancer. The study found significant disparities in risk between racial and ethnic groups, with African American men inheriting twice the risk of European American counterparts.
Researchers found that acute intervention in epigenetic mechanisms produces antidepressant-like effects more rapidly than conventional drugs. The study used epigenetic modulators to 'erase' the damage done by stress to neuroplasticity, showing a potential faster route to treating depression.
Researchers used synchrotron-based holographic X-ray nano-tomography to study the internal structure of nacre, finding that structural defects attract and cancel each other out, leading to the formation of a perfectly regular tissue. This mechanism could drive not only nacre but also other biogenic structures.
Researchers at Oregon State University found that specific beneficial microbes can improve glucose metabolism and reduce obesity risk in mice fed a western diet. The study identified four bacterial species with potential therapeutic applications for type 2 diabetes, opening new avenues for probiotic treatments.
Scientists developed a machine-learning framework to identify potential repurposed drugs for diseases, using massive amounts of data from patient care records. The analysis suggested six candidates, including metformin and escitalopram, which are currently being tested.
Galectin-1, a sugar-binding protein, may fuel inflammation and worsen sepsis in patients at risk. Researchers found elevated levels of galectin-1 in sepsis patients and suggest it as a potential biomarker for identifying those at risk.
A team of microbes in kefir works together to survive and thrive, each providing something another needs. The dominant Lactobacillus bacteria feed on each other's metabolites to create a complex and cooperative community.
An international research team is creating an AI-powered moderator for social media to mitigate conflict escalation. The virtual mediator uses artificial intelligence to identify hostile comments and intervene in discussions.
A California survey study found a strong association between the COVID-19 pandemic and increased self-reported worry about violence for oneself and others. The study also reported changes in firearm acquisition and storage practices, highlighting public concern during this time.
A study of 52,000 participants found that those with detectable brown fat were less likely to suffer cardiac and metabolic conditions. Brown fat burns energy, and its presence was linked to lower risk of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease.
Scientists at University of Münster have successfully synthesized the least accessible form of vicinal aminoalcohols using a photo-initiated reaction method. This breakthrough enables the efficient production of high-quality organic compounds found in everyday products, with potential applications in pharmaceuticals and natural products.
A Rutgers-led study identifies chemical indicators of heat stress in corals, allowing scientists to pinpoint species at risk from climate change. The discovery could inform conservation efforts and protect coral reefs worldwide.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital resolved a long-standing debate about PRC2's targeting mechanism, revealing RNA motifs as the key to specific interactions. This finding has significant implications for cancer treatment and development of new therapeutics.
Researchers discover new cog in the circadian clock - a genome-wide regulatory layer made up of small chains of non-coding nucleotides known as microRNAs. The study found that 110-120 miRNAs modulate circadian rhythms, with tissue-specific impacts on human health.
A comprehensive analysis of 16 previous trials found that providing supplemental oxygen to mothers during labor and delivery has no benefit for infant health. The study suggests that the practice could be safely discontinued for many women, potentially reducing unnecessary interventions and healthcare costs.
A new study by geoscientists finds that the reactivation of Steamboat Geyser does not foretell any upcoming volcanic eruptions in Yellowstone National Park. The researchers discovered a relationship between the column height of the geyser and the depth of its reservoir, with deeper reservoirs resulting in higher eruption jets.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on children with disabilities, with those requiring rehabilitation often facing delays in care. Telemedicine is emerging as a vital tool to mitigate this impact and improve healthcare outcomes for vulnerable populations.
Researchers are using cutting-edge MRI sensors to map brain responses to drugs of abuse and identify genes that promote neuron survival. They plan to apply this technology to study Parkinson's disease, hoping to uncover new therapeutic targets.
Patients with autism spectrum disorder in Taiwan showed a higher risk of substance use disorder compared to the general population. The study, published in JAMA Pediatrics, used health insurance data to investigate this association and found that individuals with autism were more likely to die prematurely due to substance-related causes.
A new study found that subscriptions to satellite alerts from Global Forest Watch resulted in a 18% decrease in deforestation in African countries. The carbon emissions avoided were worth between $149 million and $696 million, highlighting the potential of automated alerts in reducing forest loss.
Researchers from China and Hong Kong have broken the limit of multi-parameter quantum measurement without sacrificing precision. By relating simultaneous multi-parameter estimation to Heisenberg uncertainty relations, they achieved a 13.27 dB improvement over the shot-noise limit.
A new study found that one in four physicians report being attacked and sexually harassed on social media, with women disproportionately affected. The study highlights the need for medical institutions to have a plan in place to respond to online harassment and support physicians' careers.
The rapid spread of COVID-19 pandemic misinformation on social media is a significant concern. Researchers propose strategies to counteract its adverse effects, including digital data surveillance and partnering with trusted messengers.
An international research team has developed a new zinc-air battery chemistry using a non-alkaline, aqueous electrolyte, overcoming previous technical obstacles. The new battery exhibits higher chemical stability and electrochemical reversibility, with potential to compete with lithium-ion batteries.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a novel drug targeting LAT1 to deliver radionuclides into malignant tumors, selectively killing cancer cells. The approach offers high therapeutic effects with few side-effects, revolutionizing radionuclide therapy for pancreatic cancer and other malignancies.
Researchers from Aalto University developed 13 communication principles based on self-determination theory to foster voluntary compliance in a crisis. The guidelines support autonomy, competence, and relatedness, aiming to awaken motivation rather than defiance.
Researchers at University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center discovered NIK protein essential for T cell metabolic shift during activation, regulating anti-tumor immunity. Elevated NIK activity in T cells may improve adoptive therapy efficacy.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology developed rotational varifocal moiré metalens that can tune focal length along a wider range than previously seen. This breakthrough could lead to ultra-compact imaging systems for future smartphones, virtual reality goggles, drones, or microbots.
Despite panda conservation efforts, some species suffer from habitat loss and degradation under 'umbrella' policies. Research found that Asiatic black bears, forest musk deer, and Chinese serows are negatively impacted by panda-centric management.
Scientists at UC Santa Barbara have developed a new approach to addressing the challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by replacing antibiotics with fluoride. The method uses a genetically engineered cell that can survive in the lab but dies when exposed to fluoride, preventing its propagation into the natural environment.
Researchers from University of Illinois Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory developed alloy nanoparticles with high entropy, showing exceptional stability and durability during chemical reactions. These findings have potential applications in energy storage and conversion technologies, such as fuel cells and solar cells.
Researchers from Incheon National University propose a novel solution in the form of antiperovskite oxides, which exhibit spontaneous electric polarization and ideal band gaps for efficient sunlight absorption. This discovery opens up endless possibilities for diverse applications, including wearable devices like smartwatches.
A new study published in Cancer suggests that inflammation from ADT is linked to higher levels of fatigue in prostate cancer patients. The researchers found an increase in the inflammation marker IL-6 in this group, which may contribute to symptoms.
Researchers have identified six distinct subtypes of prediabetes, differing in disease development and risk. These subtypes can be used to predict individual risk of developing diabetes and secondary diseases, enabling targeted prevention measures.
Research found that men and women endorsing traditional forms of masculinity were more likely to vote for and have positive feelings towards Trump. Hegemonic masculinity, a culturally idealized form of masculinity emphasizing strength, dominance, and power, was linked to increased sexism, racism, and xenophobia.
A new study by Washington State University reveals frequent travelers are happier with their lives than non-travelers. Individuals who frequently discuss travel plans and take regular vacations (75 miles or more away from home) report a significant increase in overall well-being.
Researchers from the University of Kent's Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology found that elephant ivory is still being sold on eBay, often disguised as bone. The study reveals that only a small percentage of these items were removed by eBay, highlighting the ongoing challenge of combating illegal wildlife trade.
Researchers analyzed public mobility and social media attention in response to COVID-19 in Sweden and Denmark from February to June. The study found that Denmark's lockdown measures had a significant impact on reducing public mobility, while Sweden's more limited restrictions had a lesser effect.
A new study from the University of East Anglia estimates that breast cancer chemotherapy in the UK results in over £248 million in annual costs. These costs include lost productivity and personal expenses such as wigs and medication. Better targeting of treatment could help reduce these unnecessary costs.
Researchers developed a gene expression signature that robustly predicts patient survival in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, a form of metastatic gastric cancer. The signature is associated with tumor cell populations and lineage compositions, offering potential for tailored treatment strategies.
A novel film developed by NUS researchers can evaporate sweat six times faster and hold 15 times more moisture than conventional materials. This breakthrough technology can power small wearable devices like watches and fitness trackers.
New research suggests that phosphorous and calcium levels in Amazonian dark earth are orders of magnitude higher than in surrounding soil, correlating with 16 trace elements that indicate pre-settlement river flooding delivered nutrients. This finding challenges the long-held theory that controlled burning created these fertile sites.