A University of Oklahoma researcher is using fluid dynamics principles to improve climate modeling, with a focus on turbulent transport in the lower atmosphere. The project aims to enhance predictability and accuracy in weather and climate patterns.
Scientists have created the first chromium complex that emits light in the longer wavelength NIR-II range, a significant breakthrough for biomedical imaging. This achievement is expected to lead to cheaper alternatives for luminescence-based applications.
The InSight mission has successfully mapped the internal structure of Mars using seismic waves detected by the SEIS instrument. The analysis revealed an estimate of the core size, crust thickness and mantle structure, providing valuable information on the planet's formation and thermal evolution.
A University of Otago study found that people attempting to switch from cigarettes to vaping reported highly varied smoking and ENDS use patterns. The researchers recommend that individuals persist in their attempts to transition away from smoking, even if progress feels slow and uncertain.
Spain's university R&D&I expenses have increased moderately, driven by growing public spending on teaching staff, which rose from €5.55B in 2012 to €6.51B in 2019. The IUNE Observatory reports a surge in scientific production and international funding, with the top universities in Spain attracting significant research grants.
The American College of Surgeons surveyed its members on firearm safety, with strong consensus for policy initiatives and safe storage. Most respondents support preventing people with serious mental illness from buying firearms and cracking down on illegal sales.
Researchers have discovered a Roman road submerged in the Venice Lagoon, indicating potential permanent settlement and connections to wider Italian Veneto Region. The findings suggest that the road may have been used by travellers and sailors, providing new insights into ancient trade routes.
The InSight mission has unveiled Mars' internal structure, revealing a large liquid core and an altered crust. The study analyzed seismic waves from over 600 Martian quakes, identifying discontinuities in the crust and determining the upper mantle's structure.
A $1 million NASA grant supports the development of a new carbon monitoring system for East Africa, which combines satellite data with ecological modeling to quantify regional carbon stocks and fluxes. The system aims to improve climate mitigation efforts and inform food-security policies.
Researchers found that higher GABA levels in young people were associated with greater math fluency, while lower glutamate levels were related to better math skills. In adults, the opposite was true: low GABA concentrations were linked to greater math fluency and high glutamate levels to poorer performance.
Scientists develop novel technology to recover multiple metals from various types of industrial waste using carbothermal reduction, reducing costs and enhancing sustainability. The approach also allows mixing different waste streams, enabling processing of large amounts of waste.
Scientists successfully produce and characterize a crystalline complex with a two-dimensional equivalent of silicon, defying geometric expectations. The resulting structure displays surprising physical and chemical properties, opening up new avenues for catalysis and materials research.
A University of Surrey AI model predicts compound properties that promote healthy ageing, identifying flavonoids, fatty acids, and organooxygens as promising candidates. The discovery paves the way for pharmaceutical innovations targeting age-related diseases.
Experts from European and US universities warn that new EU battery regulations could hinder the global transition to electric vehicles if not implemented globally. The researchers argue that a coordinated, global approach is needed to make the supply chain predictable and powerful.
A study of 924 kidney transplantations reveals that natural killer cells play a major role in organ rejection, leading to improved risk assessment and potential new treatments for kidney transplant rejection. The findings suggest genotyping donors and recipients for MHC and KIR proteins can help predict rejection.
A recent study found that controversial posts on Reddit spread faster and reached more people than noncontroversial posts, with over 60,000 comments on the former. The researchers analyzed over 47,000 posts to understand why controversy can make online content more attention-grabbing.
King's College London researchers have automated brain MRI image labelling by leveraging radiology reports, enabling the labelling of over 100,000 exams in less than half an hour. This breakthrough tackles a bottleneck in deep learning image recognition tasks for complex datasets like MRI.
Research suggests that global warming could reduce the spread of dengue fever by making mosquitoes more sensitive to warmer temperatures. However, it may also limit the effectiveness of Wolbachia, a bacterium used to control viral infections in mosquitoes.
The OSA Advanced Photonics Congress will discuss the latest developments in integrated photonics, including photonic device research and their applications in networks. Renowned speakers will present on topics such as quantum science, free space communications, and artificial intelligence.
Sylvia Frazier-Bowers, an Associate Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry, has been awarded the AADR National Student Research Group Mentor Award. She is recognized for her efforts to bridge the gap between clinical profession and scientific advances in dentofacial variation research.
A recent analysis reveals that Shark Week prioritizes sensationalism over scientific accuracy, with hosts relying on unproven methods and making false statements about shark biology. Researchers suggest improving diversity in expert representation and factually accurate storytelling to boost the program's credibility.
A computational analysis suggests that rapid antigen tests can achieve similar epidemiological outcomes as RT-PCR tests if enough people are tested. The study's findings have implications for policy changes and optimizing testing strategies in lower-income countries.
Research finds that drought changes the community of microbes living in rice plant roots, allowing them to tap deeper water sources after dry spells. This 'memory' of drought enables plants to grow more resilient roots, reducing crop losses in a changing climate.
Researchers have determined the crustal thickness of Mars for the first time, with values ranging from 20 to 39 kilometers. This independent measurement allows for a precise map of the planet's crust across its entire surface.
Rice University and Baylor College of Medicine researchers have developed a new model for studying intestinal infections, using custom hydrogel-based platforms. The study found that softer hydrogels promote bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, which is crucial for understanding the dynamics of infectious diseases.
A Yale study suggests that newborn mammals can anticipate and respond to visual stimuli even before birth. The research reveals that waves of activity emanate from the neonatal retina in mice before their eyes open, mimicking the movement patterns they'll encounter after birth.
A soft and stretchy ultrasound patch can monitor blood flow and heart function in real-time, detecting cardiovascular conditions like strokes and heart attacks. The patch is non-invasive and can penetrate deep tissue depths, providing a more comprehensive picture of internal organs.
Scientists investigate the Alum Shale rock to reconstruct processes of oil and gas formation, identify possible traces of past life on Mars, and explore its potential as a site for nuclear waste disposal.
A study found a strong association between pre- and post-transplant cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, with an estimated hazard ratio of 12.50. Pre-transplant CCVD was independently associated with high non-relapse mortality and inferior survival in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant.
A study of 44 elite rugby players found significant changes in white matter and volume over time. The research suggests that professional rugby participation may be associated with structural changes in the brain that could have long-term implications for player health.
A new IIASA-led study assesses future global food security projections, finding food demand will increase by 35-56% over 2010-2050, mainly due to population growth. To prevent environmental impacts, policymakers must develop long-term measures, including stimulating inclusive growth.
Researchers from ETH Zurich analyzed data from NASA's InSight mission, revealing that Mars' crust, mantle, and core have distinct structures. The findings suggest that Mars was once completely molten, but now has a thinner crust with a relatively high proportion of radioactive elements.
Researchers found five aspects underlie feelings of repugnance: moral outrage, regulation desire, monetary value translation, exploitation concern, and seller risk exposure. Transactions triggering strong repugnance often require policy interventions to protect vulnerable individuals or address unknown risks.
The authors argue that intranasal COVID-19 vaccines could provide additional layers of protection by eliciting immunoglobulin A and resident memory cells in the nasal passages. An ideal vaccination strategy may consist of an intramuscular vaccine combined with an intranasal booster, offering a dual approach to combat respiratory viruses.
Researchers discovered how the H3K27M mutation causes diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and successfully reversed its effects with an EZH2 inhibitor. They call for clinical trials to begin, offering hope for improved treatments in the future.
A study in mice and human blood samples found that HDL3 protects the liver by blocking gut bacterial signals that cause inflammation. The researchers identified a special type of HDL called HDL3 that is produced by the intestine, which blocks lipopolysaccharide signals that activate immune cells.
A new study led by University of Minnesota researchers shows that the stiffness of protein fibers in tissues is a critical factor in controlling cell movement. The discovery could have major impacts on fields such as regenerative medicine, wound healing, and cancer research.
Researchers have identified a new force in DNA that shapes genomes, revealing how transcription indirectly impacts genome organization. This discovery may hold future implications for understanding genetic diseases and developmental disorders.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have found that cattle are losing important environmental adaptations due to a lack of genetic information. They identified specific DNA variations associated with adaptations such as heat resistance and tolerance for high humidity, which could be used to create DNA tests for cattle.
UT Southwestern researchers report the first structural confirmation that endogenous molecules can trigger innate immunity in mammals through the TLR4?MD-2 receptor complex. The discovery has wide-ranging implications for treating and preventing autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Scientists have reported the discovery of freshened groundwater offshore the Maltese Islands, which may constitute a new source of potable water. The study suggests that this offshore groundwater body is isolated and not actively recharged, posing sustainability concerns for its exploitation.
A novel 3D imaging technique reveals the degeneration of nerves in the liver, correlating with the severity of liver pathology in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The study suggests a 'vicious cycle' where compromised nerve function contributes to disease progression and worsens metabolic challenges.
Scientists discover gene therapy that protects optic nerve cells and preserves vision in mouse models of glaucoma. The study suggests a way forward for developing neuroprotective therapies for glaucoma, a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness.
The InSight mission provides clues to Mars' composition, mapping its crust, mantle, and core for the first time. Researchers find a multi-layered crust with an average thickness of 24-72 kilometers and a thick lithosphere beneath.
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute announces 50 new Gilliam fellowships to support graduate students conducting research in life sciences. The program aims to create an inclusive academic environment through mentorship and financial support.
A research team has developed a new concept to study astrophysical processes in the laboratory using laser pincers. By creating an antimatter jet and accelerating it efficiently, scientists can simulate extreme conditions found near neutron stars.
Researchers found that newly-hatched pterosaurs had strong bones capable of sustaining flight, but their wing size was smaller than adults, likely making them more agile fliers. This suggests they may have used their flying abilities to escape predators and chase prey in dense vegetation.
A clinical trial in Malawi showed a five-drug combination chemotherapy provided curative benefit for people diagnosed with lymphoma, compared to current standard-of-care-therapy. The treatment was also found to be cost-effective, preventing more than seven disability-adjusted life years at a lower cost per DALY prevented.
A team at the Natural History Museum is testing spectral instruments for the ExoMars rover to identify meteorites on Mars. The rover's success rate is significantly higher than dedicated meteorite hunts on Earth, with one meteorite found per kilometre travelled.
A new study reveals that AI tools analyzing tumor images can make inaccurate predictions due to shortcuts introduced by institutions submitting the images. The models often rely on location-specific signatures rather than biological characteristics, leading to biased outcomes for patients from certain medical centers.
The Alpha variant of COVID-19 spread rapidly across the UK due to biological changes and large-scale human mobility. The study found that the variant emerged from Kent and Greater London, spreading to all but five counties in Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and England by mid-January.
A 2018 Martian dust storm destroyed a southern hemisphere cold air vortex and brought an early spring, whereas the northern hemisphere's vortex remained stable. The storm had profound effects on the atmosphere, including altering wind patterns and suppressing waves in the northern hemisphere.
Scientists at Duke University have developed new tests to detect coal ash contamination in soil, finding high levels of arsenic, selenium, and other toxic elements. The tests revealed significant fly ash accumulation near coal-fired power plants, posing health risks to nearby communities.
A new technique called HT-MEK enables the simultaneous performance of thousands of enzyme experiments, allowing scientists to deeply probe into enzyme functions and structure. This could reveal clues about how enzymes work together to achieve their remarkable reactivity, enabling researchers to 'do enzymatic tricks' themselves.
A study found that higher omega-3 acid levels in the blood are associated with a significant increase in life expectancy, similar to quitting smoking. The researchers analyzed data from over 2,200 people aged 65 and found that four types of fatty acids, including omega-3, can predict mortality risk.
Researchers at Texas A&M University developed a framework to assess community resilience after natural disasters by analyzing location-based data from essential establishments. The study found that communities with low resilience experienced more flooding, but the level of impact did not necessarily correlate with recovery time.
A new dietary supplement, K.Vita, has been shown to reduce seizures in children and adults with drug-resistant epilepsy, with a mean 50% reduction in seizures or paroxysmal events. The study found that the supplement was well-tolerated and palatable, with fewer than 10% of participants producing significant ketones.
Gladstone researchers have discovered a molecular mechanism that boosts the 'noise' of gene expression in stem cells, accelerating their ability to differentiate into other cell types. The DiThR pathway involves a DNA repair process that increases noise across the genome, making cells more responsive to signals guiding their fate.
A miniature radar device, MAPrad, can scan almost twice as deeply below ground as existing technology, identifying minerals, ice deposits, and voids like lava tubes. The device will be tested at the Undara caves in Australia to map one of Earth's largest accessible systems of lava tubes.
Astronomers have detected previously unseen tracers of massive star formation in the Milky Way, including compact regions of hydrogen gas and radio emission from methanol molecules. The survey more than doubled the number of supernova remnants found in the region.