A review article summarizing IBS research in China aims to bridge the gap in global literature and improve management of the disorder. The study reveals high prevalence rates, recognized risk factors, and effective treatments, including probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine.
A study published in The Lancet found that survival rates for babies born with intestinal tract birth defects differ significantly across countries, with low-income countries facing a higher mortality rate. Improving antenatal diagnosis, surgical care, and perioperative care are key to increasing survival rates, the researchers say.
The study reveals that microswimmers propel themselves through nematic liquid crystals with non-random trajectories to minimize elastic energy. The speed of a microswimmer varies depending on whether it pushes or pulls the surrounding fluid, and becomes slower when pushing with a stronger force.
Researchers at TUM used organoids to investigate mechanical influences on organ growth, finding that collective cell movements deform collagen matrix, controlling further growth. This discovery provides a new model for simulating and investigating organ development.
Middle- to older-aged adults who eat at least three servings of whole grains daily have smaller increases in waist size, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels over time. Whole grains may protect against heart disease by reducing these risk factors.
A new study in rats reveals that empathetic responses to fellow group members drive the desire to help them, but not strangers. This finding suggests a common biological mechanism driving socially biased behavior in humans and potentially other mammals.
A recent study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that 43% of US COVID-19 mortality variability is linked to county-level socioeconomic indicators and health vulnerabilities. Allocating vaccines to these areas could minimize severe outcomes, particularly deaths. The research suggests a correlation between he...
Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln discovered that SARS-CoV-2 mutations occur in predictable locations, similar to its closest relatives. This finding helps inform predictions of how the virus will continue to evolve and could aid in developing effective vaccines.
Researchers created nano-scale borate bioactive glass, which effectively reduces biological toxicity and promotes skin repair. The material accelerates wound healing by slow-releasing essential elements and promoting collagen deposition.
Researchers identified three oral inflammation phenotypes: high, low, and slow responses. The 'slow' response was found in subjects with low clinical responses and demonstrated a delayed strong inflammatory response. A novel protective mechanism, utilizing neutrophils, was also discovered to save tissue and bone during inflammation.
Researchers identified the distribution of resin fractions using liquid-adsorption chromatography and MALDI spectroscopy. The results showed a decrease in molecular weight after catalytic treatment with a hydrogen donor.
A team of scientists from Michigan State University is using artificial intelligence to analyze plant genomes and predict the functions of unknown genes. With a $1.4 million NSF grant, they aim to help farmers grow crops that can withstand drought and disease.
Researchers found clear evidence of shingleback lizard poaching and smuggling for the exotic pet trade. The study highlights a major loophole in Australian legislation that is being exploited to export native live species internationally.
A new study from the University of Georgia reveals that older Mexican Americans living in linguistically isolated neighborhoods face significant health risks, including higher mortality rates. The researchers found that language barriers hindered access to healthcare and social connections, leading to poorer health outcomes.
Researchers found menopause in two distinct killer whale ecotypes, with striking similarities between them. The study suggests that the evolutionary benefits of grandmothering may be a key factor in the development of menopause.
This special issue of the Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine explores the challenges of healthcare disparity and limitations of access in cerebral palsy care. Experts provide practical insights and recommendations to optimize enablement, functioning, and participation for all patients with CP.
A new study by UTA researchers shows that building seawalls along the San Francisco Bay shoreline could increase flooding and incur hundreds of millions of dollars in damages. The team's findings suggest that non-traditional approaches, like strategic flooding, can provide more sustainable solutions for coastal communities.
Researchers have developed a new, efficient on-body energy harvester that produces 300 millijoules of energy per square centimeter without mechanical input. The device is powered by lactate in sweat and can be worn on the finger, making it suitable for self-sustainable wearable electronics.
Researchers at Utrecht University found shelter dogs rest less and have higher stress hormone levels than pet dogs, indicating a need for adaptation time
Researchers found impaired neurotransmitter release and synaptic signaling in human-derived neurons from patients with schizophrenia and a rare genetic mutation. This discovery provides insight into the cellular pathways perturbed in schizophrenia and offers a lead for studying this biology.
Researchers at UTA are developing a new diagnostic tool for small breast tumors, using nanoparticles and ultrasound to detect temperature differences in the body. The technique has the potential to reduce anxiety and costs associated with biopsy procedures, while also improving treatment outcomes.
A UTA marketing expert has developed a framework for businesses to use digital avatars in customer service, citing studies that show 62% of online shoppers abandoned purchases due to lack of real-time support. The avatars can fill the void at a fraction of the cost of hiring human salespeople and service employees.
A new USC study forecasts significant water shortages downstream of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which could reduce Egypt's water supplies by over one-third. The research projects economic losses to agriculture reaching $51 billion, with potential unemployment of 24% and displacement of people.
A study of over 1,200 consumers found that many are unfamiliar with common dairy processing terms and perceive them as unnatural. Providing education about these terms improves understanding, leading to increased positive perception and purchases.
A new study found that decreases in local government funding over recent years probably contributed to declines in life expectancy in some areas of England. The research linked annual local government funding data with life expectancy and mortality data between 2013 and 2017, revealing a significant impact on the most deprived areas.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found a spatial relationship between COVID-19 mortality and population-level health and socioeconomic indicators. The researchers identified 9 key indicators, including chronic kidney disease and nursing home prevalence, which had the largest individual effect on COVID-19 mortality rates.
Infection prevention organizations recommend COVID-19 vaccination as a condition of employment for healthcare personnel. The vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective in preventing infection and reducing transmission, with benefits including protecting patients, healthcare personnel, and communities.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University have developed a food generator concept that turns plastic waste and inedible biomass into edible protein. The project, which won the 2021 Future Insight Prize, uses microbes to break down plastics and non-edible plant biomass into safe and nutritious food.
Researchers have resolved magnetic structures of different topological semimetals using advanced techniques. For PrAlGe and DySb, the study reveals a uniaxial magnetic interaction in PrAlGe with antiferromagnetism and a field-induced tricritical phenomenon in DySb.
Researchers successfully synthesized crenarchaeol, a complex organic lipid found in archaea membranes. The correct structure reveals 22 chiral centers and an uncommon cyclohexane group, with implications for understanding oceanic nitrogen cycles and reconstructing past sea temperatures.
Nearly 54% of US-born minor migrants in Mexico are underinsured, with limited access to quality care and financial protection. The study calls for transborder policies to address place-based inequities and recommends solutions such as reintegration policies and expedited dual-citizenship application processes
Researchers propose a new method to realize Majorana zero modes in monolayer Fe(Te,Se) using an in-plane magnetic field and electric gating. The study demonstrates that the material is a promising platform for topological quantum computation with scalability and electrical tunability.
A new study published in PAIN found that what parents say in the first minute after a vaccine is crucial in reducing children's distress. The researchers recommend keeping kids calm with physical strategies and delaying verbal coping statements until they're over initial distress.
Researchers have discovered that rat whiskers act like antennae to amplify tiny stick-slip motions caused by friction, enabling the brain to perceive surface textures. This breakthrough has far-reaching benefits for design of textured surfaces for visually impaired and robotic safety in low light environments.
A new clinic has significantly improved the mental health and well-being of transgender young people in Melbourne. The First Assessment Single Session Triage (FASST) clinic reduced initial wait times to just 10 months, resulting in lower levels of depression and anxiety.
Research found that adult patients under 65 had less trouble paying for medications, dental care, and delayed treatment due to cost. The ACA's key features, including the Health Insurance Marketplace, led to a significant decrease in financial burdens.
Researchers have identified four main types of SCOBY microorganisms that contribute to kombucha fermentation, allowing brewers to narrow down variables and produce consistent flavors. The study, which used high-throughput DNA sequencing approaches, provides a comprehensive picture of SCOBY microbial community ecology.
A recent study assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among individuals aged 50-80 in São Paulo, Brazil, found that the prevalence of depression and anxiety remained relatively stable. The study, which involved over 2,000 participants, revealed a decrease in symptoms of both conditions during the pandemic period.
Researchers found that Veillonellaceae family members contribute to disease by altering inflammation and metabolism in the cervicovaginal region. The study also identified three specific bacteria species - V. atypica, V. montpellierensis, and M. micronuciformis - that increase inflammation and promote cell death.
Children exposed to air pollution may experience poor inhibitory control and academic skills in early adolescence, including spelling, reading comprehension, and math. Interventions targeting inhibitory control might improve outcomes.
Researchers at North Carolina State University developed bite-proof textile materials using a computational model, tested with live mosquitoes and volunteers. The resulting fabrics prevented 100% of mosquito bites in experiments.
Researchers outline a four-stage process to facilitate pleasurable social atmospheres, including preparation, activation, unification, and memory storage. The study highlights the importance of cooperation between firms and consumers in creating successful social atmospheres.
A global study estimates that 4% of all newly diagnosed cancers in 2020 are associated with drinking alcohol, with men accounting for more than three-quarters of those cases. Moderate drinking was found to be problematic, contributing to over 103,000 cases.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have devised a unique means of achieving effective gate operation with electromagnonics. They can rapidly switch between magnonic and photonic states over a period shorter than the magnon or photon lifetimes, enabling real-time control of information transfer.
A recent study found that more Americans with opioid use disorder are receiving evidence-based treatment. However, significant gaps in care remain along racial lines, highlighting the need for policymakers and medical providers to address these disparities.
Researchers have developed a novel spectral-volumetric compressed ultrafast photography system that captures 5D information in a single snapshot. This breakthrough imaging technique enables new insights into ultrafast phenomena in physics and biochemistry.
Researchers developed graphene oxide membranes that maintain better filtration performance than commercial polymeric membranes. These membranes preserve the texture, flavor, and nutritional value of milk by rejecting fat, proteins, and some minerals.
University of Arizona engineers harness the power of perovskites to create ultra-thin and flexible solar cells with high efficiency rates. The new process, called RAPID, aims to reduce grain boundaries by 90% and improve stability, leading to significant impacts on perovskite production.
Researchers characterize Photorhabdus Virulence Cassette as potent effector Pdp1, responsible for cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells. The cassette enables direct translocation of effectors into mammalian macrophages to induce cell death.
The study improves laboratory constraints on exotic spin interaction, a key area of research for understanding dark matter and extra forces. By exploring velocity-dependent interactions, the team sets a four-order magnitude stricter limit than previous results, providing a new approach to probing beyond the Standard Model.
Researchers found that cannabis terpenes mimic the effects of cannabinoids, providing pain relief without increasing negative side effects. The study suggests terpenes may be used to boost the efficacy of THC and reduce psychoactive effects, leading to a potential dose-reduction strategy for pain management.
An international team has developed a method to analyze ancient DNA in museum specimens, allowing for their placement on the evolutionary timeline. The technique enabled researchers to trace the evolutionary history of several species over tens of millions of years.
A new model developed by Newcastle University's researchers tracks the vertical movement of algae-covered microplastic particles, identifying processes that underpin their trajectories. The study shows that particle properties and algal population dynamics determine the movement of microplastics below the ocean surface.
Lee Lynd, a renowned expert in plant biomass utilization, will lead the Advanced Second Generation (A2G) Biofuel Laboratory at the University of Campinas in Brazil. The lab aims to develop sustainable technology for producing bioethanol from agricultural products at lower costs.
A nationwide database of community assets was created to help municipalities craft development plans, finding that natural and cultural assets correlate most strongly with farmers' success. The research suggests that communities with nonprofits, social enterprises, and creative industries support DTC farm marketing efforts.
New research reveals that low-income neighborhoods and minority communities experience significantly more urban heat than their wealthier counterparts. The study, published in Earth's Future, found that land surface temperatures in these communities can be up to 4 degrees Celsius warmer during the summer months.
A new study published in Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine Journal found that teenagers knowing the results of their cardiomyopathy genetic tests do not harm family relationships or function. In fact, most adolescents were glad to receive their test results, suggesting improved mental health outcomes.
A global study found that certain countries perform significantly better than their neighbors in the effectiveness of their protected areas. The research estimated that overall, protected areas established between 2000-2012 prevented 86,062 square kilometers of forest loss.
A Baylor University study assesses the relationship between large-scale renewable energy and biodiversity conservation. The research suggests that while some renewable energy sources, like hydropower, have been well-studied, others, such as solar, have unknown impacts on local ecosystems.
A single dose of the Sputnik V vaccine elicits significant antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, with 94% of participants developing IgG antibodies within three weeks. Previously infected individuals show higher antibody levels after one dose compared to fully vaccinated volunteers.
The brain's globally sparse yet locally compact modular topological characteristics reduce resource consumption for establishing connections. The research model shows that rewiring the network to a more biologically realistic modular structure significantly reduces running consumption and building cost.
Researchers uncovered evidence of wild plant resources used to diversify the diet and supplement domestic staples, including tuberous plants and millet seeds. The analysis also revealed complex processing strategies and seasonal life cycles for these plants.
Researchers from Osaka University found that protein phosphatase 1 binds to RIF1 at broken DNA ends, blocking proteins that create single-stranded DNA tails, and promoting the non-homologous end joining repair pathway. This novel mechanism helps protect double-strand breaks from developing a tail, which is what Shieldin binds to.
Researchers at Graz University of Technology have demonstrated the absorption of energy from laser light by free electrons in a liquid for the first time. This breakthrough opens new doors for ultra-fast electron microscopy, crucial for investigating smallest objects at fastest time scales.
Researchers found a nearly 35,000% increase in COVID-19 vaccine and infertility Google searches following a misinformation event. The study highlights the dangers of misinformation campaigns on public perception and decision-making, particularly among pregnant patients.
A team of researchers developed a method combining electron microscopy and Gaussian process regression to measure atomic displacements more accurately, achieving precision of 0.2%. The technique was tested on gold nanostructures, revealing strain distributions varying by shape.
Researchers developed novel imaging approach to visualize eggs and embryos in live animals, revealing complex dynamics of egg and embryo transport. The findings have important implications for studies of fertilization, embryogenesis, and in vitro fertilization.
A recent study published in Cell Reports found that KIF5C plays a critical role in long-term memory formation by transporting RNA cargo to synapses. The research suggests that impairments in KIF5C could contribute to neurological disorders, such as intellectual disability and autism.
Leading cardiovascular organizations call for global action to improve clinician well-being, citing drivers such as lack of control over workload and misalignment of values. The organizations suggest strategies to prevent burnout, including supporting psychosocial health and creating healthy work environments.
Researchers found that cells in specific skin areas develop local memory to contact allergens, leading to faster reactions and a more complex picture of the disease. This discovery may lead to new treatment options for patients with contact allergy.
Researchers discovered that symbiotic bacteria living in shipworms' gills do not have the enzymes to break down lignin, a thick and difficult-to-digest layer of cellulose. Despite this finding, scientists are still trying to figure out what within the shipworm could be responsible for breaking down lignin.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School study how electrical impulses in the heart travel from cell to cell, using gap junctions. The connections between cells facilitate a local current flow due to voltage gradients and low electrical resistance pathways.
Researchers found a compound derived from turmeric essential oil has neuroprotective properties against Parkinson's disease, by enhancing cellular antioxidants and activating Nrf2. The findings suggest that compounds with anti-inflammatory effects on microglia may suppress dopaminergic degeneration, opening new avenues for treatment.
The University of South Florida has been awarded a four-year, $69.9 million NIH grant to continue its Type 1 Diabetes Research study. The study aims to identify environmental factors that influence autoimmune destruction of beta cells in young children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.
Researchers developed a miniaturized and high-speed quantum random number generator (QRNG) with an output rate of 18.8 Gbps, exceeding previous records. The QRNG uses a photonic integrated chip and optimized real-time post-processing to achieve this feat.
Researchers have developed high-performance polarization-sensitive photodetectors on 2D β-InSe, exhibiting excellent stability and strong anisotropic optical and electronic properties. The material's unique crystal structure enables direct detection of polarized light without optical filters or polarizers.
A WVU researcher led a task group to develop guidelines for reducing data transfer errors in radiation therapy. The measures aim to safeguard against medical errors in treatments that over half of all cancer patients receive.
A recent study from the University of Minnesota and Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute reveals racial and ethnic inequities in COVID-19 testing access. The study found that patients from different socio-demographic groups were more likely to seek care through outpatient or emergency department services, highlighting structural barr...
A recent study by UW researchers found that while some students experienced intense distress, others reported minimal impact on their mental health during the spring 2020 quarter. Problem-focused coping strategies protected students from negative effects of stress and anxiety.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a computational method to predict the cell-membrane permeability of cyclic peptides, exhibiting promising accuracy. The protocol has potential to aid in designing and discovering cyclic peptide drugs with high cell-membrane permeability.
A team of geneticists sequenced DNA from a 1,600-year-old sheep mummy from Iran's Chehrābād salt mine, revealing ancient sheep husbandry practices. The preserved DNA showed remarkable integrity, with longer fragment lengths and less damage than expected.
The VATRAC trial confirms VivAer's safety and efficacy in treating nasal airway obstruction caused by nasal valve collapse. Patients treated with VivAer showed significant improvement in symptoms compared to the control group, with superior responder rates and symptom reduction.
A population-based study of nearly 30 years of billing data reveals a significant payment gap between female and male ophthalmologists in Ontario, even after accounting for age and practice differences. The disparity is more pronounced among ophthalmologists compared to other surgical specialty groups.
Researchers found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, food-insecure individuals made fewer grocery shopping trips due to concerns about contracting the virus, unlike food-secure individuals. However, they did not increase spending per trip, highlighting a serious issue in how different populations are impacted by the pandemic.
Researchers discovered that physical load stimulates bone growth through the expression of osteocrin (OSTN), a peptide produced by osteoblasts. OSTN is critical to regulating bone growth and physical endurance, with its expression decreasing when load is reduced and increasing with load stimulation.
Researchers have discovered that a small percentage of drug-resistant cancer cells were already present before treatment, relying on alternative genes for survival. Understanding this mechanism is key to developing new treatments to eliminate both AXL- and EGFR-dependent cells from the start.
A new study suggests that Easter Island's demographic collapse did not occur, but rather experienced steady population growth until European contact. The researchers used Approximate Bayesian Computation to analyze radiocarbon dates and environmental changes, revealing that the islanders' resilience strategies were successful despite a...
Researchers predicted gamma ray bursts from a nearby magnetar and confirmed their prediction, showing periodic windowed behavior. The pattern of bursts was found to be periodic, but not perfectly regular, adding to the mystery of how magnetars produce radio and gamma ray bursts.
A University of Alberta study found that infant boys with a high Bacteroidetes gut bacterial composition scored higher in cognition and language skills. The researchers believe this association may be due to the production of metabolites called sphingolipids, which are instrumental for neuron formation and structure.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects 25% of the global population, leading to inflammation and fibrosis. Researchers discovered that hepatocyte reprogramming is controlled by molecular switches, resulting in dysfunction.
A diet rich in isoflavone may provide protection against multiple sclerosis-like symptoms when combined with specific gut bacteria that can break down the compound. The study found that mice fed an isoflavone diet had a microbiome similar to healthy individuals, while those without it lacked beneficial bacteria.
In a proof-of-concept study, researchers used DNA base editing in a prenatal mouse model to correct the single base mutation responsible for Hurler syndrome. The treatment demonstrated increased survival and improvement of metabolic, skeletal, and cardiac disease in prenatally treated mice.
Scientists investigate how bacteria develop resistance to silver nanoparticles, identifying a key genetic mutation and differences in motility. The findings suggest that silver nanoparticles may be effective against certain strains of bacteria, but caution is needed to prevent resistance.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Health Psychology found that providing information on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines can significantly increase willingness to be vaccinated. The research showed that adults who received information about vaccine effectiveness scored 20% higher on a measure of willingness to be vacc...
Researchers at IMIM-Hospital del Mar and CIBERONC discover a low-toxicity treatment combining chemotherapy and BRAF inhibitors eradicates malignant melanoma by preventing DNA repair. The strategy offers a new therapeutic perspective for patients with BRAF oncogene mutations.
A USC analysis found that ICE violated its own medical care standards in 78% of cases, often ignoring warning signs of critical illness. Many deaths were preceded by delayed or inappropriate care, and researchers recommend improved reporting, independent reviews, and rehabilitation for facilities with recurrent violations.
Researchers have discovered a new set of signals that control the production of goblet cells in the lung, which are often increased in lung diseases. The study found that altering these signals can increase or decrease goblet cell production, offering potential therapeutic avenues for treating conditions like asthma and COPD.
Researchers analyzed a large US COVID-19 dataset to assess clinical severity and identify risk factors for severe illness. The study found that machine learning models can accurately predict SARS-CoV-2 infection severity among US adults.
A Rutgers-led study found that lesbian and gay smokers, particularly bisexual female smokers, prefer menthol cigarettes. The study reveals a preference rate of 54% among bisexual females and 50% among lesbian/gay females compared to the overall smoking population.
MicroED can solve high-resolution crystal structures from sub-micron-sized crystals, aiding small-molecule drugs and transient polymorphs determination. This approach helps guide synthesis strategies and inform production decisions.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that PRP injection provides no benefit for patients with debilitating Achilles tendon pain. The researchers recommend against using PRP treatment for these patients due to its lack of effectiveness and potential short-term harm.
A Skoltech team developed a model to assess infection risks for supermarket customers. The composite model incorporates social forces and retail space layout, suggesting that social distancing is the primary factor in reducing infection rates. Filling stores to capacity has little economic sense during the pandemic.
A study by Queen Mary University of London and University of Oxford found that lateral flow tests are 95% effective in detecting Covid-19 when used at the onset of symptoms. The findings support using lateral flow tests as an alternative to PCR testing among symptomatic patients.
Agricultural economist Thomas Daum argues that farm robots could lead to a utopian future with rich fields, diverse crops, and conservation of biodiversity. In contrast, large, tractor-like robots could result in a dystopian scenario with environmental degradation.
The RAPID Trial found that administering a full dose of heparin early to moderately ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19 could reduce the risk of severe disease and death. The study showed a significant reduction in all-cause death with therapeutic heparin compared to low-dose treatment.
A blood test that measures ACE2 protein and fragments can track SARS-CoV-2 infection evolution, according to a study. Patients with COVID-19 show reduced full-length ACE2 protein levels and increased lower molecular mass fragments.
A new study published in The Economic Journal found that the presence of adult entertainment establishments in New York City significantly decreases sex crimes. Researchers combined crime data with opening dates of these establishments to find a 13% reduction in sex crimes within one week of opening.
A KAIST research team developed a hydrogel-based flexible brain-machine interface that can detect neural signals for up to six months. The device minimizes foreign body responses by mimicking the properties of surrounding tissues when exposed to body fluids.
A team of scientists at NTU Singapore has developed a way to convert tamarind shells into carbon nanosheets, which can be used as an energy storage material in vehicles. The process is eco-friendly and reduces waste, making it a promising alternative to industrially produced counterparts.
A new study by CNIO researchers has found that blocking the RagC protein's signals can delay the onset of follicular lymphoma in animal models. The strategy may also be effective in treating autoimmune diseases.
A study found that teenagers who have self-harmed five or more times in their life have a significantly higher threshold for pain compared to adolescents that have not. This has clinical potential as an effective test for identifying youths at the highest risk of suicide.
Researchers have developed a new type of nanocarrier that combines photothermal, chemo-therapy, and chemodynamic therapy to target and destroy cancer cells. The nanoclusters, which are responsive to near-infrared light, show a significant inhibitory effect on mouse tumor growth in vivo experiments.
A recent study found that over a quarter of COVID-19 patients still experience symptoms six to eight months after initial diagnosis. Commonly reported symptoms include fatigue and shortness of breath. The study's findings highlight the need for timely healthcare resource planning for post-COVID-19 care.
Researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed a new wearable device that can generate electricity from human sweat, even when the wearer is asleep or sitting still. The device, which requires no physical input from the wearer, collects sweat from the fingertips and converts it into electrical energy.