The monograph Migration Culture: A Comparative Perspective offers a new approach to understanding migration by analyzing the cultural and value differences between migrants and locals. Key findings include that migrants prioritize self-direction over security, and that values tend not to change rapidly in emigration.
A study from North Carolina State University found that Bahamian mosquitofish in fragmented habitats are more exploratory but also more stressed and have smaller brain regions associated with fear response. The research cautions against damaging adapted populations in environmental restoration projects.
An 83-year-old man was diagnosed with HIV after experiencing fever and weight loss. He was treated with antiretroviral therapy and achieved an undetectable viral load. The case highlights the importance of targeting older adults for HIV testing, as they are often diagnosed late and at higher risk of death.
A team of PSU faculty will examine data and stories of STEM faculty to identify systemic inequalities and develop a strategic equity plan. The project aims to understand the impact of policies, practices, power structures, places, and people on retention and attrition among marginalized faculty.
A study examined how humans remember past locations using GPS tracking and sound recordings. Participants' memories were often incorrect, especially when events were similar or involved similar sounds/movements, highlighting the fallacy of an airtight alibi. The findings have implications for alibi generation and investigation strategies.
Researchers identified 421 previously unknown interactions between Salmonella proteins and host cell proteins, including those involved in cholesterol trafficking. This approach sheds light on how Salmonella survives inside host cells by manipulating protein machineries and pathways.
A team of researchers found that wild birds can learn to avoid distasteful prey by observing what others eat, resolving a long-standing evolutionary problem. This breakthrough highlights the critical role of social information transmission in predator-prey dynamics and eco-evo processes.
A new iguanodon-like dinosaur has been identified from a jawbone fossil in Spain. The creature is believed to have been around 6-8m long and was closely related to species found in modern-day China and Niger.
The Obesity Society's new position statement confirms COVID-19 vaccines are highly efficacious in individuals with and without obesity. Trials demonstrate similar vaccine efficacy in both groups against COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death.
Children's Hospital Colorado is part of a national clinical research network studying pediatric asthma. The hospital will conduct a seven-year study on early-life determinants of chronic asthma to potentially reduce exacerbations and prevent development.
A global team led by Case Western Reserve University's Beverly Saylor will investigate how ecological factors influenced the evolution of early human ancestors using advanced technology. The project aims to gain a more granular understanding of two fossil sites in Ethiopia and their distinct records of the human genus' early predecessors.
Researchers have developed a new method to rapidly monitor snow leopard stress levels in the wild using widely available equipment. The method extracts hormones from faecal samples and analyzes them on-site, allowing for quick and easy assessment of stress status.
New research reveals that increased atmospheric acidity is disrupting the ecological balance of oceans by altering nutrient transport and productivity. The study found that atmospheric acidity affects the quantity and distribution of nutrients delivered to the ocean, leading to a direct fertilizing effect on marine phytoplankton.
A modified ketogenic diet was found to be safe and feasible for people with brain tumors called astrocytomas. The diet led to changes in metabolism in the body and brain, including decreased hemoglobin A1c levels, increased lean body mass, and alterations in brain metabolites.
Researchers developed chemical-free pretreatment methods and high-throughput phenotyping techniques for producing fuel from energycane. The studies found that energycane can produce up to 7.5 barrels of diesel per acre, surpassing soybean production, with lower costs and environmental impact.
A new study from the University of Maryland School of Medicine found hospitals are not adequately prepared for the next pandemic. The Hospital Medical Surge Preparedness Index (HMSPI) tool assesses a hospital's ability to handle sudden influxes in patients due to mass shootings, infectious disease outbreaks, or pandemics.
An international research team has mapped the current global landscape for musculoskeletal health and developed an action plan to address the growing global burden of disability. The blueprint prioritizes eight key areas, including community education, leadership, and research, to guide health systems reform and promote integrated care.
A new study by the University at Buffalo and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that children who eat faster are more likely to be impulsive and experience frustration. The research also suggests that kids who respond well to food cues exhibit more self-control and a lower risk of obesity.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified a metabolic control pathway that regulates T follicular helper cells, offering targets for drugs to stimulate the adaptive immune response and treat autoimmune diseases such as lupus. The finding holds promise for developing new vaccines and treatments.
Environmental education provision needs significant support and investment to address the complex issues of the climate emergency. Experts argue that governments must direct more funding to education innovation, making environmental education a cornerstone for social and environmental changes.
A new model simulates tortuous magma pathways feeding eruptions, identifying three forces: hotspot rise, volcanic rock weight, and buoyancy. This understanding lays foundations for predicting fissure eruptions and reducing dangers.
Research reveals that women with urinary incontinence are more likely to experience depression, lower self-worth, and poorer mental health outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of discussing mental health with patients undergoing treatment.
Scientists at KAIST developed a laser system generating highly interactive quantum particles at room temperature, which can recycle lost energy to achieve lower threshold energy levels. The system exploits parity-time reversal symmetry, allowing energy loss to be used as gain for high-efficiency and low-threshold lasers.
Despite widespread use, many common joint procedures like hip replacements and shoulder repair surgery have limited high-quality evidence to support their clinical effectiveness. The analysis highlights the urgent need for research and definitive trials to evaluate these interventions.
A new study found that lung metastases from triple-negative breast cancer contain a more diverse array of cancer cells compared to liver metastases. The researchers identified specific genes responsible for this difference, which may inform targeted therapies for breast cancer treatment.
Experts warn that mandatory vaccination for care home workers in England is unnecessary, disproportionate, and misguided. The authors highlight that uptake of the first dose of covid-19 vaccination among care workers is below 80% in only three London areas, but this can be attributed to very low numbers of staff employed by these homes.
Scientists use NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite 2 to map subglacial lakes under the West Antarctic ice sheet. The study reveals two new lakes and provides critical insight into freshwater exchange, which may alter ocean circulation and ecosystems.
Researchers at ETH Zurich used AI to identify target molecules of natural substances, paving the way for a new class of pharmaceutical agents. The algorithm successfully predicted human receptors and enzymes that interact with natural compounds, leading to the discovery of simpler, cheaper alternatives.
Researchers from Trinity College Dublin have made significant progress in developing a recipe for entirely renewable energy by splitting water to produce green hydrogen. The team has identified nine earth-abundant metal combinations as highly promising leads for experimental investigation, with chromium, manganese, and iron standing ou...
Researchers have identified a new generation of anti-cancer drugs that target aggressive childhood brain tumors. The genetic map of these tumours has helped predict the effectiveness of existing drugs, including Ixabepilone, in treating medulloblastoma.
Researchers developed a method to transform uncertainty-unaware controller models into robustified models that can safely behave under uncertainty. The method generates formulas representing the degree of uncertainty a controller can tolerate, enabling flexible analysis and consideration of real-world deployment situations.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that urban greenspace use is correlated with demographics, with women, older adults, and ethnic minority groups spending more time outdoors. The authors used GPS data from cell phone apps to track users' visits to local green spaces, revealing significant effects on trip duration and distance.
Researchers developed a predictive tool using machine learning and connectome analysis to identify neuronal network patterns and predict individual recovery outcomes. The study analyzed 92 patients' brain structural connectomes, tracking changes in connection patterns during recovery.
Research found nearly two-thirds of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer had multiple co-existing chronic conditions, leading to a mean treatment burden of 8.9 days. Rural patients consistently had higher treatment burden than urban counterparts.
Researchers use cross-correlation noise spectroscopy to identify crucial electrical noise signals in silicon solar cells, pinpointing physical processes causing energy loss and lower efficiency. The technique allows for precise measurement of noise and removal of detector noise, enabling the detection of smaller noise signals.
Researchers observed an egalitarian community among female vampire bats, with no specific quality predicting dominance. The study found that adult females had an equal opportunity to rank high or low in a dominance scale, and young males were subordinate to adults.
A new study warns of devastating impacts from an oil spill in the Canadian Arctic, affecting vulnerable indigenous communities. The risk assessment model predicts socio-economic impacts of up to $7.5 billion over five years.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine report a potential noninvasive biomarker for tracking gene editing therapies in early-stage Huntington's disease. By measuring blood volume in the brain, they found that suppressing the mutant huntingtin gene can normalize altered arteriolar blood volumes and delay or prevent symptom development.
A Mount Sinai study reveals the complex mechanisms of Ebola virus evasion, highlighting the critical role of VP24 protein in disrupting the nuclear envelope. This disruption compromises cell function, DNA leakage, and antiviral immunity, ultimately contributing to disease severity.
Researchers from Nagoya University have successfully measured the shape distributions of cell-derived nanoparticles, or extracellular vesicles, in body fluids. This study may help identify types of cancer with a painless and non-invasive method.
A new study introduces K2Taxonomer, a software tool that analyzes high-throughput data to identify novel cell types within tumors and their microenvironments. The analysis of breast tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes revealed a transcriptional signature associated with better survival rates in cancer patients.
A virtual reality study found that slow music played as background throughout the tunnel reduces drivers' nervousness and fatigue, while sirens are most effective when played at entry points and during emergencies. The combination of slow music with occasional sirens is proposed as a best solution to improve road safety.
A new study found that young South Asian heart attack patients are more likely to be obese and use tobacco products. The study also revealed a higher prevalence of family history of heart disease and abnormal lipids in this patient population. Targeting modifiable risk factors, creating awareness, and decreasing system delays can help ...
Researchers from NUS have developed two methods to ensure QKD communications cannot be attacked using side-channel attacks. The first is an ultra-secure cryptography protocol that can be deployed in any communication network, and the second is a device that defends against bright light pulse attacks by creating a power threshold.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that muscle relaxants have a small effect on reducing pain intensity in the short term, but this effect is not clinically meaningful. The use of muscle relaxants may also increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness and nausea.
A study published in PLOS ONE reveals that ancient Islamic tombs in Sudan are distributed according to large-scale environmental factors and small-scale social factors. The tombs cluster around central 'parent' points, likely representing older tombs of importance, with smaller scale distribution influenced by nearby older structures.
Researchers at Ewha Womans University have created ultra-stable single-atom magnets that can maintain their magnetic state over days. Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, the team achieved atomic-scale control of magnetic fields within quantum architectures.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a wearable sensor that monitors plant stress and disease in a noninvasive way by measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants. The system can alert users to specific problems, allowing growers to identify issues quickly and limit the spread of diseases.
University of Maryland researchers used EEG to quantify cybersickness in VR users, establishing a correlation between brain activity and self-reported symptoms. The study provides a new approach to interactively characterizing and mitigating cybersickness, improving the VR experience for all.
Researchers at Ritsumeikan University have developed a novel technique to individually select and control tiny water droplets in lab-on-a-chip applications. The method uses electrowetting-on-dielectric technology to make individual droplets stand taller, allowing for selective contact and transfer of chemicals or cells.
Scientists at the University of Plymouth have developed a simple algorithm-based model to predict coastal evolution. The Forecasting Coastal Evolution (ForCE) model accurately forecasts coastline changes over timescales of days to decades and beyond.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE suggests that physical activity can improve cognitive function in older adults by altering brain microstructure. The research, which analyzed MRI scans of 318 brains post-mortem, found a positive correlation between physical activity and increased cortical thickness.
A study maps dengue fever hot spots to predict future outbreaks of Zika and chikungunya, revealing a 62% overlap between dengue and Zika hot spots. Targeted indoor residual spraying is shown to be effective in controlling Aedes-borne diseases.
The study reveals that frog eggs release zinc and manganese sparks after fertilization, indicating a shared biology between humans and frogs. The research has implications for understanding the interplay of dietary zinc status and human fertility.
A team of researchers from Penn State and Northern Arizona University developed a statistical risk model linking supply chain diversity to the probability of a city experiencing food shocks. The study found that higher diversity in the supply chain leads to lower probabilities of food shock, highlighting the importance of diversifying ...
Scientists have found a way to artificially produce healthy mucus, which could lead to new medical treatments and therapies. The discovery is particularly promising for the treatment of diseases related to intestinal flora, such as infections and eye infections.
A new study found a low rate of lithium production in a classical nova, indicating diversity within these events. This discovery suggests that other objects, such as supernovae, may also contribute to lithium production in the Universe.
Researchers have engineered an enzyme to bind to and degrade plastic particles, potentially helping to resolve the issue of complete recycling of PET in industry. The enzyme, called PET2, was found to accelerate the reaction between PET's chemical components and water when positive charges were introduced on its surface.
Research from University of Johannesburg uncovers essential amino acids in wild African fruits. The study reveals several species exceed daily nutritional values recommended by WHO. The white olive and jacket plum are good candidates to boost immune function against viruses due to high lysine content.
The study found that 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging can improve restaging of disease in more than half of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, particularly those with local recurrence. This new imaging modality may help detect new or clarify inconclusive results obtained by standard CT imaging.